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AH Run-downs, summaries and general gubbins

Based off the Fasci Siciliani of OTL. Essentially, they merge into a mix of The Grange, labor unions, and fraternal organizations. Generally focused on uniting both urban and rural workers and range from secular to highly religious in nature.

The 26th Amendment comes after Redemption (essentially a radical reconstruction after the reunification of the South) as a precautionary measure against domestic surveillance that violates the rights of the individual.
 
Der Ritterorden (German: 'The Order of Knights') commonly known as der Ritter ('the Knights') was a German paramilitary organization in the Weimar Republic affiliated with the Catholic Centre Party (Zentrum). It was headquartered in Cologne, and very active in the Rhineland, but strongest in southern Germany, especially Bavaria. Much like the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold, the Ritterorden fought against both the Communist Rotfrontkämpferbund and the Nazi Sturmabteilung (and smaller reactionary paramilitary groups such as the Stahlhelm). It was banned in 1933 but some Ritter played a role in the anti-Nazi resistance.
 
The Kaiserlich und Königlich Raketenstreitkräfte (K.u.K. RS; Imperial and Royal Rocket Force) is the strategic missile force of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Originally a section of the K.u.K. Luftfahrtruppen (Austria-Hungary's air force), it was established as a separate service branch in 1968. The K.u.K RS counts approximately 25,000 airmen and operates three ballistic missile bases in Austria-Hungary; two in Transylvania (Bálványosváralja/Unguraș and Zsuk/Jucu) and one in Galicia (Dolyna/Dolina). Although the K.u.K RS does not disclose the size of its nuclear missile arsenal, the Atlantic Alliance estimates it possesses approximately 500 nuclear warheads and a similar number of nuclear-capable intermediate and intercontinental-range ballistic missiles. The K.u.K RS' headquarters is located in the Vosendorf district of Vienna, with an emergency command center at a site north of Reichenberg/Liberec in Bohemia. The K.u.K RS is currently undertaking a major modernization program aimed at developing a new ICBM, known as the Meteor, to replace the Blitz missiles that entered service in 1972.
 
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So me, @SultanArda @Steve Brinson and others did a collab list of Time Magazine's person of the year from 1932-1960. Though the PoD was probably around WWI.

A few bits of worldbuilding if folks want to see it.

I've never done a Balkanised America, so here goes. Let me know what you think. Not sure if the Pacific States and Great Plains wouldn't just merge into one big American successor state. Perhaps San Jose things Houston can fuck off and vice versa

Nations of North America as of 01/01/1960 in the TimeVerse and the areas they Cover

Nations that are also Members of the Cooperative Coalition of Nations

Common name: Name(s): The Federation of Canada/La Fédération du Canada
Full Name: The Federation of Canada, Alaska, Quebec and Newfoundland.
OTL Area: Alaska and OTL Canada
Head of State: Alexandra I (House of Windsor)
Head of Government: Prime Minister Thomas Douglas (Federal Labour Party)
Capital: Ottawa
Type of Government: Federal Parliamentary Democracy
Established: Treaty of Westminster (1950)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Commons

Common name: Name(s): The Pacific States, the PSA
Full Name: The Pacific States of America
OTL Area: California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, Hawaii
Head of State: President Richard M Nixon (Democratic-Republican Party)
Capital: San Jose
Type of Government: Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
Established: Treaty of Denver (1952)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Representatives

Common name: Name(s): The USAR, Red America, the SAR
Full Name: The United Socialist American Republics,
OTL Area: Eastern Wisconsin and Iowa, Eastward to Long Island and as far south as parts of Kentucky and Virginia
Head of State: Chairman J.J. Conyers (Worker's Party)
Capital: Philadelphia
Type of Government: Federal One Party Socialist Republic
Established: The Detroit Declaration (1946) Treaty of Denver (1952)
Legislative Assembly: Workers Assembly

Common name: Name(s): New Afrika
Full Name: The Republic of New Africa
OTL Area: Most of OTL Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas
Head of State: President Audley Moore (National Party)
Capital: Choctaw (formerly Jackson)
Type of Government: Parliamentary Republic
Established: The Jackson Proclamation (1947) Treaty of Denver (1952)
Legislative Assembly: House of Representatives

Common name: Name(s): Mexico
Full Name: The United Mexican States
OTL Area: Most of OTL Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Arkansas
Head of State: President Adolfo Lopez Mateos (Industrial Revolutionary Party)
Capital: Mexico City
Type of Government: Federal Presidential Republic
Established: Constitution of 1917
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: Chamber of Deputies

Common name: Name(s): New England, The Commonwealth
Full Name: The United Commonwealths of of New England
OTL Area: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont, parts of upstate New York
Head of State: President Joseph Kennedy Jr.
Capital: Boston
Type of Government: Federal Presidential Republic
Established: Treaty of Denver (1952)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Representatives

Other North American States:

Common name: Name(s): The Great Plains, the Great Plains Republic, the GPS
Full Name: The United States of the Great Plains
OTL Area: From the Rockies Eastwards to western parts of Iowa, Missouri and Wisconsin
Head of State: JB Connally (Democratic Party)
Capital: Houston
Type of Government: Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
Established: Treaty of Denver (1952)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Representatives

Common name: Name(s): Dixie, "White America"
Full Name: The United States of America
OTL Area: The remaining parts of the Deep South and Florida, as far north as parts of Virginia.
Head of State: President Douglas MacArthur (non-partisan)
Capital: Savannah
Type of Government: Def Facto Military/Dominant Party Dictatorship, De Jure Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
Established: Declaration of Independence (1776) Emergency Protocols (1937)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Representatives

Common name: Name(s): Washington, the USA, America
Full Name: The United States of America
OTL Area: Most of Maryland, Delaware and bits of Virginia, Washington D.C>
Head of State: President Spiro Agnew (Republican Party)
Capital: Washington D.C
Type of Government: Federal Presidential Constitutional Republic
Established: Declaration of Independence (1776) Treaty of Denver (1952)
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: House of Representatives
 
I've been looking through it, and I think the best compromise between logic & my ability to calculate stuff is the three worst teams in the NFL in 1969 getting relegated down to the AFL for the 1970 merger - so two leagues of 13 teams - and a subsequent two promotions & two relegations per year as the league creeps up in size to two leagues of 16 teams. My understanding is also that new teams would always be added to the lower league?

Then to actually pick standings I "just" have to look at the season of games played in that subset of 13-16 teams and find W + D + L points over the number of games played (because it won't be consistent) and then tiebreak with PF/PA differential over that number of games played. And then figure out what year to implement 3 points for a win, although that might not affect anything because NFL teams barely ever get two draw seasons.

[WHAT IF THE NFL-AFL MERGER INSTEAD CREATED A PROMOTION AND RELEGATION SYSTEM BETWEEN THEM]

The end result is fairly wikiboxy, but I think the logic behind making this is interesting enough as to deserve a general gubbin - at first I did this by hand for the 1970 season, realized that approach would physically break me, and by the good graces of the nflverse dataset and 404 lines of R code (thank you, my actual job, for giving me the ability to do this) created code that would do this for me iteratively. The only additional assumptions I realized I had to make were (a) whenever two teams get added to the lower league (the AFL in this scenario) and league sizes are off, the NFL still relegates two teams that year but the AFC promotes three, (b) each team plays a double round robin for me to calculate the overall scoring tables, although I am aware that an NFL team with 30 (!) games a year would be hospitalized en masse (c) I just multiply that number by a team's avg W/D/L rate, points for, and point differential in that year's games "within conference" even though this effectively double counts some matchups and just invents others. Also stuff like the Raiders are called 'LV' even when they're in Oakland, I needed short abbreviations okay?

Assumption (c) can result in pretty chaotic results when a team is "promoted" away from most of its actual conference, since there aren't a lot of actual games to base results on. The nflverse data actually has team elo pre-game, so were I truly motivated I could simulate all nonexistent games within the round robin and have probabilistic outcomes that determine standings, etc., but running that is kind of insane and would still be inventing games at the end of the day.

If anyone has thoughts on actual NFL history or some of the assumptions made here, please lmk! The beauty of the code is that I can now just set league parameters & rerun again and again, with deterministic but very chaotic results.

The most basic things to tinker with are probably:

(1) Do any of the initial AFL conference champions get an early promotion for 1970? The Raiders had the best AFL record in 1969, and the Jets and Chiefs had both literally won Super Bowls, so it seems only fair to consider them for inclusion in the new "top" league. Curious what people think viable options are here. NFL is already relegating 3 teams so relegating 6 of 16 seems a little extreme.

(2) When do the leagues switch to 3 points for a win rather than 2? This simulation simply has the NFL doing it the whole time, but that's ahistorically early and over the course of enough seasons will affect a promotion / relegation battle, which then affects everything downstream.

(3) Is conference size ever big enough to switch to three teams being promoted / relegated every year? Even with 16 teams that seems a little high, but idk.

I'm probably going to align all of these to select the world where the Patriots gets the most possible wins as "canon", because fuck it, why not? Curious how extreme an outcome we can get there.

All that said, the most basic run of the NFL-AFL PROMOTION AND RELEGATION SIMULATION gives us:

YearNational League ChampionPtsGDGF
1970​
IND
72​
72​
312​
1971​
WAS
63​
255​
537​
1972​
MIA
72​
346​
509​
1973​
MIN
64​
259​
491​
1974​
WAS
63​
237​
582​
1975​
TEN
72​
248​
580​
1976​
MIN
72​
267​
521​
1977​
DAL
64​
173​
574​
1978​
MIA
62​
367​
655​
1979​
LV
62​
161​
494​
1980​
TEN
65​
39​
485​
1981​
DAL
78​
312​
705​
1982​
LV
78​
208​
811​
1983​
WAS
69​
355​
870​
1984​
MIA
68​
267​
803​
1985​
MIA
62​
198​
666​
1986​
DEN
62​
91​
650​
1987​
SF
78​
628​
979​
1988​
NE
62​
229​
494​
1989​
SF
70​
377​
741​
1990​
BUF
68​
312​
770​
1991​
WAS
67​
308​
657​
1992​
SF
67​
256​
631​
1993​
BUF
59​
62​
484​
1994​
SF
55​
252​
728​
1995​
SF
59​
221​
718​
1996​
PIT
62​
198​
499​
1997​
GB
77​
313​
775​
1998​
MIN
74​
445​
1033​
1999​
JAC
84​
476​
705​
2000​
TEN
70​
233​
560​
2001​
PIT
75​
283​
666​
2002​
TEN
72​
172​
724​
2003​
NE
81​
201​
729​
2004​
PIT
90​
340​
720​
2005​
SEA
75​
380​
915​
2006​
IND
80​
137​
843​
2007​
NE
90​
561​
1020​
2008​
TEN
72​
153​
642​
2009​
IND
70​
53​
697​
2010​
NE
81​
321​
948​
2011​
GB
90​
265​
1060​
2012​
SF
75​
305​
855​
2013​
NE
77​
287​
986​
2014​
SEA
68​
263​
754​
2015​
ARI
74​
305​
930​
2016​
NE
77​
304​
780​
2017​
PIT
79​
270​
821​
2018​
NO
80​
247​
887​
2019​
NO
79​
270​
915​
2020​
BUF
80​
323​
990​
2021​
LA
75​
110​
755​
2022​
BUF
74​
286​
856​
 
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Unification Day is a national holiday celebrated in the United States on June 10th commemorating the reunification of the United States. With the last forces of Wade Hampton III surrendering to General Eddie Lincoln on June 10th, 1897, after the Battle of Charleston ended in a resounding US victory.

Made an official holiday by Congress on January 3rd, 1900, Unification Day has become a time to celebrate the official end of slavery in North America and the liberation of the South from slavocrat tyranny. With traditionally the flag of the UIS being burned in "liberty pits" that serve as giant bonfires. Liberty pits traditionally accompany giant picnics which include activities such as cook offs, food drives, music, and football.

In the early 1900s food drives became a staple of Unification Day in response to President Bryan's "No Child Shall be Hungry." Which promised to end to hunger in the United States. In response, the Knights of Columbus, Dollinger International, and The Order of the Revolutions used Unification Day to raise millions of dollars' worth of food and clothing that was donated to the poor. Primarily in the war torn South and Canadian refugees on the Minnesota border. With the success of the first Unification Day food and clothing drive, the tradition continues to this day.

Furthermore, picnics originated in the South around the same time as President Bryan sought to solidify American unity. Bringing together Americans from all races, picnics cross lines of background, religion, race, and ethnicity. With local marching bands playing in local parades to provide entertainment.

The largest of these picnics is in Atlanta. With the annual Atlanta Picnic drawing in 2,000,000 annual participants, the Atlanta Patriot Days as they're called includes the St. Jude Parade that's hosted by St. Jude College. Starting at 9:00 AM, the parade goes until noon, capping off with the St. Jude Drum and Bugle Corps. Eventually, the night ends with another concert by the St. Jude Drum Corps that begins at 10:30 PM and ends at 11:30 PM.

Unification Day remains as the largest marching band event in the world. With towns and cities having performances from high school marching bands and drum corps. With usual performances being at noon, with most shows being more focused on entertainment than patriotism. However, the 10:30 concerts are reserved for pieces aimed at capturing America's beauty. Ranging from Yankee Doodle, March of the Fallen, Ode to Joy, Jubilee of the South, and the Call of the Interior.
 
The Ground Combat Manufacturing Center, also known as the Lackawanna Army Tank Plant (LATP) is a tank plant located in Lackawanna, New York. It is a government-owned, contractor-operated facility currently operated by General Defense Corporation, a subsidiary of General Motors. The LAIP currently manufactures the M74 Paladin main battle tank and the M99 Cavalier infantry fighting vehicle. LAIP is the major remaining government customer of Bethlehem Steel, a member of the Strategic Industrial Operation Program.
 
The Lithuanian Royal Guard (Lietuvos karališkoji gvardija) is the King of Lithuania's guard of honour of the Lithuanian Armed Forces, tasked with the protection of the Lithuanian royal family and important public buildings in Vilnius. It is made up of two battalions, the Royal Uhlan Battalion (Karališkasis Ulonai Batalionas) and the Royal Jäger Battalion (Karališkasis Jėgerių Batalionas). The Royal Colonel of the Guard is Crown Princess Viktorija, who served in the Grand Duchess Birutė Mechanized Uhlan Battalion (Didžiosios kunigaikštienės Birutės motorizuotasis pėstininkų batalionas).

(Why yes, I am working on a project, and yes, the non-Kontinentalpakt nations will eventually get the spotlight)
 
More stuff based on a collab list. Trying to work out a left wing but not full on Comecon organisation in the Timeverse. Instead its a horrible lovechild of NAFTA, the EU and NATO. Let me know if folks want to see more. Its quite fun trying to work out specifics in a slightly weird collab.

The Cooperative Coalition (Also called the Madrid Pact) is a mutual defence and cooperation organisation founded following the Second Great War (1940-1949). The initial goals of the Coalition were mutual defence and military cooperation against the German led Konigsberg Pact and its allies such as The Russian Empire and the United States of America (Savanah) particularly in areas where peace was seen as fragile such as in the Former USA, the Franco-German border and the border between the Madrid and Valencia governments of Spain.


When founded in March 1953 the Coalition had 7 Founder members straddling the North Atlantic with its headquarters in London.

  • The Pacific States of America
  • The Republic of New Africa
  • The Canadian Federation
  • The French Fourth Republic
  • The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  • The United Socialist American Republics
  • The Spanish Second Republic

It is worth noting that though while not explicitly socialist the Coalition has favoured and encouraged left wing governments in existing and prospective members. Members range from social democratic monarchies like the UK to Explicitly Communist states like the SAR and France. The Coalition's ideals in their founding documents are "defending and protecting democracy, liberty and safety for all. They have also intervened militarily in situations where a cause has aligned with their own values of democatic revolution such as in the Japanese Civil War. They have also been accused by outside sources (especially members of the Konigsberg Pact) of illictly encouraging left wing political movements such as Catalan Separatists in Valencian Spain.

The founder members would later be joined by a range of nations such as Mexico, New England, South Italy The Republic of Japan and Brazil. There are also a range of observer nations from more neutral Parties such as India, Australia and The Chinese Empire. Nations decolonising from the Empires of member states have also been encouraged to join with varying success.

The initial Madrid Pact was superseded in 1959 by the Treaty of Chicago which expanded the Coalition to promote economic development and trade amongst member nations. It would in turn be expanded by the Treaties of Vancouver (1971) and London (1985)
 
Getting very strong Kaiserreich vibes from this - don’t know if it’s just because of the collapsed US.

TBH We were winging it (its a collab) so a little bit yes.

I think it started when Lilith put this entry in the list of Time People of the Year

1933: Wilhelm III and Alexei II, "the Emperors of Peace": Emperors of Germany and Russia, selected for their signing of the Vienna Accords

so we figured although our list diverges in 1932, the POD is a bit earlier. The rough concept is. US doesnt enter WWI. an Alt Spring offensive followed by mutinees and protests lead to a win for the Central Powers but not one that leads to full on communism in Britain and France.

Meanwhile a different world economy combined with the left vote being split means FDR never becomes president. Then yeah it goes a bit Kaiserreich (although I was also reading "The Falcon Cannot Hear" over on AH .com as well )
 
Actually, rather than folks diving into my test thread. I hope other folks dont mind but here is the finished collab. It is a bit rough and ready but I had a lot of fun and I'm enjoying doing worldbuilding in this world's 1960s. Thanks to @Lilitou , @Steve Brinson @SultanArda , @Time Enough and everyone else who contributed to the list

Should anyone want to do any further world building, knock yourself out :)

Time Magazine's Persons of the Year 1927-1960)

1927: Charles Lindbergh
1928: Walter Chrysler
1929: Owen D Young
1930: Mahatma Gandhi
1931: Pierre Laval
1932: Oswald Mosely: First Labour Party Prime Minister of the UK, elected that year
1933: Wilhelm III and Alexei II, "the Emperors of Peace": Emperors of Germany and Russia, selected for their signing of the Vienna Accords
1934: Alf Landon, Vice President turned President of the United States of America in that year following the Assassination of President Hoover
1935: Sidney Holland, new Strongman of New Zealand
1936: Abbas II of Egypt, following the British Acceptance of Egyptian Declaration of Independence
1937: Nikolai Bukharin, for his work in the Chinese peace process.
Time Magazine moves its offices to Berlin owing to conflict in the United States
1938: "The American Warlord" (front page art featured Douglas MacArthur, Smedley Butler and Omar Bradley), selected for their role in the ongoing American Warlord Era
1939: King Alastair I of Albania after the Konstantiniyye Peace Treaty, that saw Kosovo and Southern Montenegro ceded to Albania
1940: "General Chennault" following Chennault Clique capture of New York ("Official" edition); Prime Minister Marx Dormoy for his work building up the Alexander-Reynaud Pact (Edition-in-exile)
1941: Admiral Kolchack for his coup of the Bukhrain Government (“Official Edition”); Konni Zilliacus as the General Secretary of the League of Nations and his support for the intervention in America (Edition in Exile)
1942: Thirty-seven years old Sadrazam of the Ottoman Empire, Kasım Gülek, after his shocking electoral victory which everyone was expecting the twenty year old reign of the People’s Party was going to end (Both editions)
1943: "The Foreign Soldier" being a composite of French and British International Brigades and Russian and German Legions across the fronts in America, Spain and North China (Both Editions, with the former favoured by the provisional government of New York Commune and the latter favoured by the Berlin Edition in Exile.)
1944: Prime Minister of Norway, Vidkun Quisling after the declaration of martial law and the disbandment of the Parliament (“Official Edition”); Muhammad bin Talal, Newly Crowned King of Central Arabia (Edition in Exile)
1945: William Pelley: President of the Provisional US Government ("Official Edition"), Jack Reed: president of the Provisional US Government (Chicago Edition). None (Edition in Exile, Magazine suspended following start of Hostilities in Europe)

1949: Time Magazine refounded by American Exile community in Toronto. Person of the Year: McKenzie King for his role Montreal Peace Treaty that ended the Second Great War.
1950: The New Emperor of China Kung Te-cheng, who was crowned as a compromise between the nationalist remnants in the South and the Socialist government in the North, East and most of the West.
1951: William F. “Billy” Graham, for his role in promoting peace and reconciliation between the American successor states
1952: Bayume Mohamed Husen, a former actor and the first Chancellor of the Federation of East Africa (consisting entirely of German East Africa), after East Africa became the first German colony who got independence, due to their help on the war effort in both World Wars.
1953: Maurice Thorez, first Convenor of the Cooperative Alliance of Nations (Formerly the Franco-British Alliance)
1954: “Rise of Rural Populism” (front page art is the newly elected Prime Minister of Australia Earle Page, newly elected Sadrazam of Ottoman Empire Osman Bölükbaşı and newly elected Prime Minister of Ireland, Michael Donnellan), selected due to all three’s shocking electoral victory against a party that controlled their country for a long time.
1955: Prime Minister Vladimir Nabokov, for his role in the Russian “Quiet Revolution” and reorientation towards democracy
1956: Richard Nixon, President of the Democratic Pacific States for his role in the Cooperative Alliance Intervention in support of the Japanese Revolution.
1957: Late President of the National State of Persia, Mohammad Taqi Pessian (behind the photo, there is a picture of Tehran, which is burning), due to his death and the Persian Civil War (which began two weeks after his funeral)
1958: The Healers (cover image of Drs. Norman Bethune and Hastings Banda), for their role in fighting malnutrition and disease in the Peripheral Nations and helping combat the Baghdad Flu Pandemic of 1957-59
1959: Audley Moore: President of the Republic of New Afrika.
1960: State President and Lord Protector of Scandinavia, Vidkun Quisling, due to the forced unification of Sweden and Norway
 
Defeat and Independent MPs in the 1918 general election

The National Federation of Discharged and Demobilised Sailors and Soldiers (NFDDSS)

The NFDDSS was established in January 1917 by Great War veterans in opposition to the Military Service (Review of Exceptions Act), which made it possible for people invalidated out of the armed forces to be re-conscripted. The presidency of the organisation was first assumed by two radical Liberal MPs James Hogge and William Pringle before passing to discharged veteran Frederick Lister. With growing manpower shortages in 1917 and 1918 and violent opposition to the introduction of conscription in Ireland, the Government intensified efforts to re-conscript discharged veterans. The NFDDSS attracted supporters from all political parties, but they were united around opposition to the Government’s conscription policy and supported higher pensions and social support for veterans, including directly supporting soup kitchens. Following the successful German offensive in the summer of 1918 and the Armistice, a number of NFDDSS candidates were successful in the 1918 general election, attracting the support of veterans disillusioned by politics. NFDDSS held varied and sometimes contrasting views, e.g. there were differing opinions on whether the group should align itself more closely with Labour or establishment parties. Ernest Thurtle was a Labour aligned republican who campaigned against the death penalty for desertion, Cecil Malone a former Liberal MP and veteran disenchanted by the outcome of the War, while Henry Hamilton Beamish was an outspoken antisemitic extremist and publisher.

MPs elected in the 1918 general election: 12
1. Henry Hamilton Beamish (Clapham)
2. Harry Becker (Bermondsey West)
3. Harold Bignold (Norwood)
4. Arthur Brooksbank (Liverpool Everton)
5. Robert Hewitt Barker (Sowerby)
6. James Hogge (Edinburgh East)
7. Stephen Kelley (Brixton)
8. Frederick Lister (Ashton-under-Lyne)
9. Cecil Malone (Leyton East)
10. Gerald Newton (Morpeth)
11. Ernest Taylor (Islington West)
12. Ernest Thurtle (Bethnal Green South West)

The National Party

As the Allies struggled to break the stalemate of the War in 1917, a group of vociferously right-wing Unionist MPs led by Henry Page Croft and Sir Richard Cooper formed the National Party. They called for an uncompromising and xenophobic approach to the war: interning enemy aliens, closing German banks, counter air-raids against German towns, and raising the age for conscription. Following the Allied defeat, the National Party quickly gained public prominence for its vitriol for Lloyd George and the Coalition, organising huge public meetings. The Party stood on a wide ranging manifesto including full protectionism (drawing on the support of many former Tariff Reform League members), social support for workers, the defence of the British Empire, opposition to immigration, and universal military service. Some Liberal and Labour supporters joined the party, including Thomas Kincaid-Smith and Joseph Havelock Wilson, contributing to the party‘s ‘national‘ appeal. Several of its elected MPs were notable antisemites, including Noel Pemberton Billing and Rowland Hunt.

MPs elected in the 1918 general election: 11
1. Wilfred Aston (Paddington North)
2. Noel Pemberton Billing (Hertford)
3. Alan Burgoyne (Kensington North)
4. Sir Richard Cooper (Walsall)
5. Henry Page Croft (Bournemouth)
6. Rowland Hunt (Ludlow)
7. John Jenkins (Putney)
8. William Mann (East Ham North)
9. Thomas Pilcher (Thornbury)
10. Wilfred Liddell Steel (Bethnal Green North East)
11. Joseph Havelock Wilson (South Shields)

The Co-operative Party

Although the Co-operative Party often benefited from running candidates with the support of local Labour parties, it was an independent party with its own Parliamentary Representation Committee and distinct ethos and ideas. In 1917 the Party was formally established by the congress of the co-operative movement, mainly in response to the underrepresentation of co-op societies in government distribution channels and conscription of many managers to the war effort (many clerks in opposing businesses were exempted). Of the 21 candidates fielded in the 1918 general election, 7 were elected to Parliament.

MPs elected in the 1918 election: 7
1. John Biggar (Paisley)
2. Thomas Hackett (Birmingham King’s Norton)
3. William Hirst (Bradford South)
4. Peter Malcolm (Kilmarnock)
5. Henry May (Clackmannan and Eastern Stirlingshire)
6. Robert Morrison (Tottenham North)
7. A.E. Waterson (Kettering)

The British Socialist Party

Effectively a ‘party within a party’ as candidates ran with local BSP and Labour support, the BSP became a notable caucus for far-left internationalist MPs. It was formed in 1911 with the aim of uniting disparate Left members of the Independent Labour Party and Marxists supporters of Social Democratic Federation and the Social Democratic Party. The party organisation was captured early on by ex-SDF members led by Henry Hyndman, with the aim of achieving political change through the ballot box, despite the growing wave of labour unrest before the Great War. The War split the party, with Hyndman coming out in support of the war effort and ultimately leaving the party in the hands of a pro-peace faction. The BSP was accepted into the Labour Party in 1916, and began mobilising support under the leadership of ‘Red Clydeside’ leader John Maclean, who went on to unseat Coalition Labour member George Barnes. With Britain’s defeat and the Communist Revolution in Russia, BSP members believed their cause to have been vindicated, although they sought first to influence the broader Labour movement towards their party and ideas.

MPs elected in the 1918 election: 6
1. Frank Broad (Edmonton)
2. Charles Edwin Franklin (Grimsby)
3. John Frederick Hodgson (Burnley)
4. John Maclean (Glasgow Gorbals)
5. Valentine McEntie (Walthamstow West)
6. Walter Newbold (Motherwell)

Other Independents

MPs elected in the 1918 election: 10
1. Percy Adams (St. Pancras South East)
2. William Watson-Armstrong, Independent (Berwick-upon-Tweed)
3. Horatio Bottomley, Independent (Hackney South)
4. William Cathery, Sailors’ Union (Bootle)
5. William Cecil Dampier, Independent (Cambridge University)
6. Commodore Douglas King, Independent (Norfolk North)
7. Arthur Ponsonby, Independent (Dunfermline Burghs)
8. Charles Stanton, National Democratic and Labour Party (Aberdale)
9. Hebert Winn, National Farmers’ Union (Howdenshire)
10. Lionel Yexley, Naval and Lower Deck/Liberal (Portsmouth North)


Results of the 1918 general election
707 seats, 317 seats needed for a majority following the abstention of Sinn Fein.

Conservative and Unionist Party (Andrew Bonar Law): 271 seats
Labour (William Adamson): 159 seats
Liberal (H.H. Asquith): 114 seats
Sinn Fein (Eamonn de Valera): 74 seats
National Liberal (Sir John Simon): 35 seats
NFDDSS (Frederick Lister): 12 seats
National Party (Henry Page Croft): 11 seats
Independent: 10 seats
Co-operative Party (William Hirst): 7 seats
British Socialist Party (John Maclean): 6 seats
Irish Parliamentary Party (John Dillon): 5 seats
Speaker of the House of Commons: 1 seat
 
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