1947-1964: Éamon de Valera (Sinn Féin) 1947 (majority) def. W. T. Cosgrave (IPP), Jim Larkin (Socialist),
1951 (majority) def. Jim Larkin (Socialist), Seán McBride (Labour)
1957 (majority) def. Jim Larkin (Socialist), Seán McBride (Saoránach Labour)
1962 (majority) def. Jim Larkin (Socialist), James Ryan (Saoirse), Neil Blaney (Óglaigh na hÉireann), Seán McBride (Saoránach Labour)
1964-1966: Seán Lemass (Sinn Féin)
1966-1977: Máirín de Valera (Sinn Féin) 1967 (majority) def. James Ryan (Saoirse), Neil Blaney (OnE), Michael Collins (Mumhan Progress League), Thomas Gill (Aontacht-Labour), Roger Brady (United Socialist), Gerry Fitt (Socialist), Seán McBride (Saoránach Labour)
1971 (majority) def. Seán Mac Eoin (Official Sinn Féin - Opposition Coalition), Roger Brady (United Socialist), Gerry Fitt (Socialist), Michael Collins (MPL)
1977-1979: Seán Mac Eoin (Páirtí na Poblachta) 1977 (majority) def. Máirín de Valera (Majority Sinn Féin), Roger Brady (United Socialist), Jack Lynch (All Ireland Collins MPL), Gerry Fitt (Socialist)
1979-1980: Jim Gibbons (PnP)
1980-1984: Máirín de Valera (Majority Sinn Féin) 1980 (majority) def. Jim Gibbons (Secular PnP), Roger Brady (United Socialist), James Tully (PnP), Peter Barry (MPL)
1984-1989: Brían de Valera (Sinn Féin) 1984 (majority) def. Seán Purcell (Pháirtí na Chonnachta), Roger Brady (United Socialist), Jack Lynch (All Ireland Collins MPL), James Tully (PnP)
1989-1990: Liam Cosgrave (PnP)
1990-1991: James Tully (PnP)
1991-1996: B. P. Ahern (Sinn Féin) 1991 (minority) def. Kevin Boland (Óglaigh na Poblachta), Liam Cosgrave (PnP), Roger Brady (United Socialist), Dick Spring (Socialist), Seán Purcell (Pháirtí na Chonnachta)
1996: Charles Haughey (Óglaigh na Poblachta) 1996 (minority) def. B. P. Ahern (Sinn Féin), Desmond O'Malley (PnP), Francis Ross (United Socialist), Joe Walsh (Cork County Congress), Willie O'Dea (MPL)
1996-97: Desmond O'Malley (PnP)
1997-98: Pat Cox (PnP)
1998-2004: Charles Haughey (Óglaigh na Poblachta) 1998 (minority) def. Mildred de Valera (Sinn Féin), Francis Ross (United Socialist), Trevor Sargent (Sóisialachas), Seán Purcell (Pháirtí na Chonnachta)
1999 (National Alliance majority) def. Mildred de Valera (Sinn Féin), Francis Ross (United Socialist), Seán Purcell (Pháirtí na Chonnachta), Trevor Sargent (Sóisialachas)
List of Chancellors of Germany 1934-1940: Adolf Hitler (National Socialist German Workers' Party) [1] 1940: Hermann Göring (National Socialist German Workers' Party)
List of Military Governors of the British Occupation Zone 1940-1942: Field Marshal John Vereker, 6th Viscount Got
List of Military Governors of the French Occupation Zone 1940-1942: Army General Maurice Gamelin [2]
1942: Major General Philippe Pétain
List of Military Governors of the Polish Occupation Zone 1940-1941: Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły
1941-1942: Marshal Wacław Stachiewicz
List of Chancellors of Germany 1941-1945: Franz Blücher (Liberal Democratic Party)
1945-1959: Rudolf Hess (German Unity Party) [3]
1959: Alfred Rosenberg (German Unity Party) 1959-1963: Erich Ollenhauer (Social Democratic Party) [4] 1963: Erich Mende (Liberal Democratic Party) 1963-1967: Willi Münzenberg (United Socialist Party)[4] 1967-1979: Hilde Benjamin (United Socialist Party) [5] 1979-1989: Erich Honecker (United Socialist Party) 1989: Ulrike Meinhof (United Socialist Party) [6]
1989-2005: Franz Schönhuber (German People's Party)
2005-: Udo Voigt (German People's Party) [7]
[1] Despite his military failure and swift defeat in the Poland War, Hitler has remained a subject of admiration and inspiration for the German right up to the present day. The last German leader to challenge the Versailles Consensus, many nationalists are willing to overlook and deny some of the more unsavory aspects of his time in office. In recent years, the erection of numerous Hitler statues as well as other prominent former National Socialist icons across the country has led to outcry, especially from neighboring Poland and Czechoslovakia where the Hitler regime is said to have committed the most of its war crimes.
[2] The assassination of General Gamelin marked a turning point in the Allied occupation of Germany. The German resistance, formerly a disorganized movement of former SS officers, gained the mass support it needed to drive the British, French, and Poles out of the country. Collaborators were harassed and killed as the revanchist right mobilized in the face of continued economic ruin.
[3] Rudolf Hess was one of many political prisoners released following the withdrawal of the Allied forces. The charismatic former Vice Chancellor led a successful campaign against the crumbling liberal government. Popular support combined with political terror led to a resounding victory and a partial return to the old order in Germany. Hess as Chancellor unsuccessfully attempted to renegotiate the Versailles settlement, and was militarily deterred from starting a round three after the British Empire detonated the world's first nuclear bomb during his second year in office. Frustrated abroad, and with the economic situation continuing to deteriorate, Hess lashed out against his domestic enemies. Many leading dissidents fled abroad once again. With no relief in sight, more and more elites turned on Hess. And when a national student revolt got out of hand, few of the old Nazi's former friends did much to help him.
[3] Following Hess' resignation and the calling of new elections, a broad democratic coalition came to power. Led by the Social Democrats, the new government was politically divided and ineffective, agreeing on little besides their opposition to Nazism. Ollenhauer stayed in command through it all until his untimely death. Vice Chancellor Mende assumed power, unwisely signing off on a military police breaking of the miners' strike in the Ruhr. A last minute attempt at reconciling with former supporters of the Hess administration only hurt his popularity further. And in 1963, Germany got its first truly leftist government.
[4] While Münzenberger had been rehabilitated by Khrushchev, many in Moscow still distrusted him. He was the face of the United Socialist Party, formed out of a merging of various communist parties and the left-wing of the Social Democrats. Like previous German leaders, Münzenberger attempted to overturn the Versailles settlement, looking to build a new, socialist Germany. He embarked on various housing and employment programs, with the goal of providing relief to the German working class. But the slow pace of his reforms along with his adventurist aid to African revolutionaries in the French and British Empires upset many within the party. He was replaced as Chancellor candidate for the 1967 elections in favor of a more inspiring and radical leader.
[5] Germany's first Jewish and woman Chancellor would prove to be one of its most divisive. For those on the left, Benjamin was a hero, crusading against the fascist opposition at home and becoming a vocal supporter of the Soviet Union abroad. It was the golden age of German socialism. For the right, Benjamin was a monster. The trials and imprisonment of many former Nazis began. Benjamin was also criticized for completing the "final capitulation" to the Versailles settlement, normalizing relations with the West in line with Soviet policy. She recognized the de facto borders, and backpayed many reparations with the assistance of the Soviets. But by the 1979 election her inspired leadership grew old. A reduction in Soviet aid sparked a restructuring of the German budget. And the Honecker faction seized the moment to oust Benjamin and install their own man as Chancellor candidate.
[6] With the ongoing crisis in the Soviet Union, the German bourgeoisie has grown bolder over the course of the 1980s, actively sabotaging the economy. Peaceful demonstrations were coupled with violent attacks on Honecker supporters. And in 1989, the counter-revolution broke out. While liberals had formed the formal leadership of the movement, fascist soccer hooligans formed the actual shock troops. The Benjamin faction briefly took power, but Meinhof couldn't stem the tide of change.
[7] The simultaneous overthrow of German and Russian socialism brought major changes to the geopolitical scene. German capitalism has, for the first time, a secure market for its exports in Eastern Europe and has achieved substantial economic growth because of it. Germany's authoritarian right-wing government is far from the most popular in the Western press, with a recent police attack on Berlin Pride darkening the nation's image. But for nationalists around the world, the brazen Voigt regime is a source of hope. While the Versailles settlement still exists on paper, the last two administrations have done everything they can to undermine it.
1980: In this year Edward Edwardsson Skinner and his Lede party defeated Newton Newtonsson Cleveling and his Yesamming party in a general election. After claiming that Skinner had committed electoral fraud, Cleveling was found dead on the 5th of October and Skinner was accused of his murder. Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury, commander of the Here, took power and ordered an investigation, but before he could face justice Skinner fled the country with his co-conspirators.
1981: In this year Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury called for an election and led the Yesamming party to victory, having come to an agreement with the Clevelings in which, in return for their support, he would appoint members of that family to his government.
2002: In this year Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury was killed when his plane crashed while returning from a meeting with Redelei Franksson Scot at Monkcaster. At first the Cadburys and Clevelings fought over who would take power but, upon realising the extent of the fury of the Mercian people who had for so long suffered under those two Norse families, they agreed that Hamríchen Hansdótor Cleveling Heremaning would take the premiership in an attempt to stop the Mercian people from retaking power for themselves. But justice would not be denied to the Mercians, and all the Cadburys and Clevelings were killed at Bormingham. Choosing Godfred Cyrillsson Centing as their new leader, on the 13th of November the Mercian people resolved to put all the Norse in the realm, who had sprouted like cockle amongst the wheat, to death.
----
Something of a sequel to this. Inspired by the St. Brice's Day massacre and the Rwandan genocide, and to a lesser extent the Cambodian genocide. Obviously, I don't support any of those - like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, this Mercian Chronicle is not an unbiased source.
I'm not good enough at Old English and conlanging to actually do a New Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, so that part's in Modern English.
My entry into @Japhy's thing, set in the same ATL as This:
The Local Government Act of 1975 was a broad reorganisation of local governments across the Commonwealth of Great Britain and Ireland which, amongst other things, created Directly-Elected Mayors to govern urban areas across the country. Critics argued that the Act was designed to undermine the power of local and Home-Rule governments that opposed the Bertram Government, especially the well-established Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland. Then-leader of the opposition Liam Cosgrave was the highest-profile opponent of the act, but the overwhelming majority of Bertram's coalition in Westminster meant that there was no serious prospect of Mayoralties not being established. The first raft of Mayoral elections took place in 1977, which mixed results for the governing coalition. While Mayoral elections are not nonpartisan, in Dublin and many other Celtic cities across the Commonwealth Mayors are often nominated as independents with official and unofficial support from alliances of nationalist or unionist parties.
Mayors of Dublin, 1977-:
1977-1989: Brendan Corish (Independentsupported by Radicals and Irish Labour)[1]
1989-1998: Jim Haughey (Sinn Féin)[2]
1998-2001: Ardan Casey(Independent supported by Irish Reform)[3]
2001-2013: Frank Quinlan (Independent supported by Radicals, Ecologists, Solidarity 4 Independence and others)[4]
2013-2016: Dieta Cromwell (Irish Reform)[5]
2016-: Ossian Joyce (Sinn Féin)[6]
[1] Corish, an Irish Labour figure sidelined by the closeness of the Labour and Radicals, took the opportunity to escape the increasingly turgid atmosphere of Parliament House. He defined the role of Mayor for his predecessors, as a champion and spokesperson for the city who could bash together the heads of Councillors and play the Dublin and Westminster governments off against each other for more money and infrastructure. Corish took Dublin through tumultuous events; he was due to meet Allan Betram when he was assassinated at Eden's Quay, only narrowly escaping injury. his intervention was credited in preventing riots and the imposition of martial law. Taking the great city through the Second Great War meant having to crunch much-reduced resources, but his administration's mishandling of civil defence (technically a joint purview of local, Home Rule and Westminster governments) cost him much credibility. He left office with Dublin a more prosperous, cleaner, if not exactly safer place, and Dubliners feeling that a Mayor was worth having. [2] After the Sinn Fein leadership desperately tried and failed to find anyone else of stature willing to take the nomination, they relented and gave the nod to businessman and long-time party financier Jim Haughey. Long-time allegations of corruption barely touched him and he rode the wave of postwar backlash against Unionist parties in Ireland. He became notorious for pork-barrelling and extravagant displays; sending his own yacht to greet the Kaiser's in Dublin harbour during his 1992 visit to Ireland, a barely-used concert hall on Westland Row and repeatedly delaying the construction of flood defences in the unionist stronghold of Dun Laoghaire. What ultimately lost him re-election was his aggressive campaigning in favour of Dublin government's agitation for an Independence Referendum, which disrupted Sinn Fein's own tactics and ultimately saw him forced out by voters who saw him paying too much attention to issues outside his purview. [3] The Irish Reform Party is a strange beast, formed out of the remnant of the Irish Unionist Party and bits of the IPP that didn't want to join the Radicals in order to give Duff Cooper a foothold into Ireland outside of the six counties. Elected to clean up after Haughey, Casey found himself as highest-ranking unionist officeholder during the Independence referendum and took a significant role in the "STAY" campaign having been elected on a promise to avoid just that. He was allegedly the leader of the Caro government's purported "dirty tricks" campaign of well-timed events that drew support to remaining in the Commonwealth. While this was ultimately successful, on his watch strikes mounted and infrastructure continued to crumble, leading him to stand down in 2001 after just one term. [4] Quinlan had been a minister in the pro-independence Dublin government who was sacked after being too blunt in his criticism of the handling of the referendum. His run for Mayor was initially to settle old scores but quickly snowballed, with the Radicals and every nationalist party other than Sinn Fein ultimately standing down for him for a chance to give the Shinners another bloody nose. After a decade of mismanagement and distraction, the city of Dublin faced mounting financial and infrastructure crises; his predecessors having been hamstrung by demands from unions and financial backers. The unsuccessful nationwide General Strike of 2003 gave Quinlan the cover he needed to break the public service and transport unions. His ruthless lock-out tactics alienated him from the left and united him with the Caro government, which took a chance to go over the heads of the Dublin government to give Dublin a very generous financial settlement in exchange for further financial "reforms" and a more pro-development policy. While becoming a hate figure for the Irish left, Quinlan remained popular with Dubliners for "getting things done"- stopping crime, stopping strikes and reducing local rates. His final legacy was strong-arming the dying Unionist government into getting the British bid for the World's Fair to go to Dublin. [5] Cromwell could not hope to live up to his predecessor. The descendant of a wealthy Anglo-Irish family and a German Junkers clan, Cromwell had been a fixture and fixer in Dublin life for decades, rising to prominence and popularity as the formal head of the World's Fair project. Two months into office he was subject to an assassination attempt by Saor Eire, but by the end of his term many were wishing they’d had another go. In power, his aristocratic air quickly grated and he found himself in over his head with the wider demands of running an entire city, preferring to focus on just his increasingly bizarre pet projects. After mishandling a binman's strike (the first such strike since before Quinlan), he flounced out of office with a declaration that democracy wasn't all it was cracked up to be, and ultimately moved to Jerusalem to take up a sinecure with the World Congress Mandate. [6] With unionist parties once again slumping in Ireland, the young, ruthless Ossian Joyce took up the helm to salvage what he could. He made himself popular by giving council employees their first proper pay rise in a decade, salvaged what he could from Cromwell's schemes (the monorail stayed, the skyscrapers did not), and took the World's Fair project he'd initially opposed as a chance to pump more money into the city, working hand-in-glove with the Sinn Fein-led coalition at Parliament House to oppose the Radical government in Westminster. As the fortieth anniversary of the Mayoralty approached, commentators observed that this wasn't remotely what Allan Bertram had intended.
My entry into @Japhy's thing, set in the same ATL as This:
The Local Government Act of 1975 was a broad reorganisation of local governments across the Commonwealth of Great Britain and Ireland which, amongst other things, created around Directly-Elected Mayors to govern urban areas across the country. Critics argued that the Act was designed to undermine the power of local and Home-Rule governments that opposed the Bertram Government, especially the well-established Parliaments of Scotland and Ireland. Then-leader of the opposition Liam Cosgrave was the highest-profile opponent of the act, but the overwhelming majority of Bertram's coalition in Westminster meant that there was no serious prospect the Mayors not being established. The first raft of Mayoral elections took place in 1977, which mixed results for the governing coalition. While Mayoral election are no nonpartisan, in Dublin and many other Celtic cities across the Commonwealth Mayors are often nominated as independents with official and unofficial support of nationalist or unionist parties.
Mayors of Dublin, 1977-:
1977-1989: Brendan Corish (Independentsupported by Radicals and Irish Labour)[1]
1989-1995: Jim Haughey (Sinn Féin)[2]
1995-2001: Ardan Casey(Independent supported by Irish Reform)[3]
2001-2013: Frank Quinlan (Independent supported by Radicals, Ecologists, Solidarity 4 Independence and others)[4]
2013-2016: Dieta Cromwell (Irish Reform)[5]
2016-: Ossian Joyce (Sinn Féin)[6]
[1] Corish, an Irish Labour figure sidelined by the closeness of the Labour and Radicals, took the opportunity to escape the increasingly turgid atmosphere of Parliament House. He defined the role of Mayor for his predecessors, as a champion and spokesperson for the city who could bash together the heads of Councillors and play the Dublin and Westminster governments off against each other for more money and infrastructure. Corish took Dublin through tumultuous events; he was due to meet Allan Betram when he was asassinated at Eden's Quay, only narrowly escaping injury. his intervention was credited in preventing riots and the imposition of martial law. Taking the great city through the Second Great War meant having to crunch much-reduced resources, but his administration's mishandling of civil defence (technically a joint purview of local, Home Rule and Westminster governments) cost him much credibility. He left office with Dublin a more prosperous, cleaner, if not exactly safer place, and Dubliners feeling that a Mayor was worth having. [2] After the Sinn Fein leadership desperately tried and failed to find anyone else of stature willing to take the nomination, they relented and gave the nod to businessman and long-time party financier Jim Haughey. Long-time allegations of corruption barely touched him and he rode the wave of postwar backlash against Unionist parties in Ireland. He became notorious for pork-barrelling and extravagant displays; sending his own yacht to greet the Kaiser's in Dublin harbour during his 1992 visit to Ireland, a barely-used concert hall on Westland Row and repeatedly delaying the construction of flood defences in the unionist stronghold of Dun Laoghaire. What ultimately lost him re-election was his aggressive campaigning in favour of Dublin government's agitation for an Independence Referendum, which disrupted Sinn Fein's own tactics and ultimately saw him forced out by voters who saw him paying too much attention to issues outside his purview. [3] The Irish Reform Party is a strange beast, formed out of the remnant of the Irish Unionist Party and bits of the IPP that didn't want to join the Radicals in order to give Duff Cooper a foothold into Ireland outside of the six counties. After spending four years cleaning up after Haughey, Casey found himself as highest-ranking unionist officeholder during the Independence referendum, and took a significant role in the "STAY" campaign having been elected on a promise to avoid just that. He was allegedly the leader of the Caro government's purported "dirty tricks" campaign of well-timed events that drew support to remaining in the Commonwealth. While this was ultimately successful, on his watch strikes mounted and infrastructure crumbled, leading him to stand down in 2001. [4] Quinlan had been a minister in the pro-independence Dublin government who was sacked after being too blunt in his criticism of the handling of the referendum. His run for Mayor was initially to settle old scores but quickly snowballed, with the Radicals and every nationalist party other than Sinn Fein ultimately standing down for him for a chance to give the Shinners another bloody nose. After a decade of mismanagement and distraction, the city of Dublin faced mounting financial and infrastructure crises; his predecessors having been hamstrung by demands from unions and financial backers. The unsuccessful nationwide General Strike of 2003 gave Quinlan the cover he needed to break the public service and transport unions. His ruthless lock-out tactics alienated him from the left and united him with the Caro government, which took a chance to go over the heads of the Dublin government to give Dublin a very generous financial settlement in exchange for further financial "reforms" and a more pro-development policy. While becoming a hate figure for the Irish left, Quinlan remained popular with Dubliners for "getting things done"- stopping crime, stopping strikes reducing local rates. His final legacy was strong-arming the dying Unionist government into getting the British bid for the World's Fair to go to Dublin. [5] Cromwell could not hope to live up to his predecessor. The descendant of an wealthy Anglo-Irish family and Germany's Junkers clan, Cromwell had been a fixture and fixer in Dublin life for decades, rising to prominence and popularity as the formal head of the World's Fair project. Two months into office he was subject to an assassination attempt by Saor Eire, but by the end of his term many where wishing they’d had another go. In power, his aristocratic air quickly grated and he found himself in over his head with the wider demands of running an entire city, preferring to focus on just his increasingly bizarre pet projects. After mishandling a binman's strike (the first such strike since before Quinlan), he flounced out of office with a declaration that democracy wasn't all it was cracked up to be, and ultimately moved to Jerusalem to take up a sinecure with the World Congress Mandate. [6] With unionist parties flagging in Ireland, the young, ruthless Ossian Joyce took up the helm to salvage what he could. He made himself popular by giving council employees their first proper pay rise in a decade, salvaged what he could from Cromwell's schemes (the monorail stayed; the skyscrapers did not), and took the World's Fair project he'd initially opposed as a chance to pump more money into the city, working hand-in-glove with the Sinn Fein-led coalition at Parliament House to oppose the Radical government in Westminster. As the fortieth anniversary of the Mayoralty approached, commentators observed that this wasn't remotely what Allan Bertram had intended.
Found in my files. Broad outline (AKA no notes) for an election infobox series I'd been thinking of with the POD being the economic recovery being delayed a year, leading to Reagan losing reelection instead of crushing Mondale.
1981-1985: Ronald Reagan / George Bush (Republican) 1980: Jimmy Carter/Walter Mondale (Democratic), John Anderson/Pat Lucey (independent)
1985-1993: Walter Mondale / Dale Bumpers (Democratic) 1984: Ronald Reagan/George Bush (Republican)
1988: George Bush/Jim McClure (Republican)
1993-1997: Dale Bumpers / Tom Harkin (Democratic) 1992: Bob Dole/Edward Madigan (Republican)
1997-2005: Christine Todd Whitman / Mack Mattingly (Republican) 1996: Dale Bumpers/Tom Harkin (Democratic), Clint Eastwood/Dick Lamm (independent)
2000: Jerry Brown/Bob Graham (Democratic)
2005-2013: Al Gore / Baron Hill (Democratic) 2004: Jim Talent/Bill Owens (Republican)
2008: Jack Fields/Kerry Healey (Republican)
2013-2021: Bill McCollum / John McHugh (Republican) 2012: Baron Hill/Norm Coleman (Democratic), Bernie Sanders/Wesley Clark (independent)
2016: Ron Sims/Tim Kaine (Democratic)
2021-0000: Kristen Rutnik / Richard Cordray (Democratic) 2020: Bill Bolling/Catherine Hanaway (Republican)
But what finally spurred her to run was a crisis away from home – Mandatory Gene Modification – the pseudoscientific “strategy” that tinpot dictators were leaping on around the world.
Thompson’s whirlwind trip to Russia, and subsequent rapprochement with Premier Sontsova (a mix of shitty science and a shitty economy meant that Russia was lagging behind in the Gene Race) was a rare example of the U.S. flexing – for once – its diplomatic muscles. The subsequent alliance was surprisingly durable.
Feel free to rip me apart for this, I thought it was a fun idea, but it's probably too implausible.
A Star-Speckled Dragon
1979: 1 seat, 0.8% [Ieuan Wyn Jones (Non-Inscrit)]
The stunning victory of Plaid Cymru in the North Wales seat, defeating Beata Brookes, would underline Plaid Cymru's Europeanist perspective, and also a more pragmatic perspective between its more Northern agrarian language-oriented politics and a growing southern socialist faction. Ieuan Wyn was elected as a Non-Inscrit, but sat with the Technical Group of Independents for his time in the EP, a major break from the SNP which sat with the European Progressive Democrats.
1984: 1 seat, 0.9% [Ieuan Wyn Jones (Rainbow)]
In 1984, Plaid Cymru joined the Rainbow Group along with most regionalists but the SNP chose to stay as EPD, underlining their Euroscepticism while Plaid increasingly aligned more with "Europe of Nations" thinking. In 1984, Beata Brookes put forward a strong challenge to Plaid and almost took the seat, but Plaid held the line and re-elected Ieuan Wyn Jones to the European Parliament. Ieuan Wyn Jones and Winnie Ewing never got on well, with Ieuan Wyn's firm Europhile tendency clashing with Ewing's Euroscepticism.
1989: 2 seats, 1.2% [Ieuan Wyn Jones and Phil Williams (Rainbow)]
The 1989 election, which also saw a shock Green seat, saw Mid and West Wales narrowly after a recount, go Plaid Cymru, while the SNP lost their seat to a resurgent SDP-Liberal Alliance win [running as the Social-Liberal Alliance]. It was clear that Scottish nationalism was increasingly retreating from Europe while Plaid Cymru was increasingly in Europe. Plaid Cymru campaigned for the Maastricht treaty to be voted for by Britain, and by a narrow margin widely seen as a rebuke to Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher who campaigned against it, voted for it. This proved a blow to Thatcher and she called a general election before she could be pushed out.
1994: 2 seats, 1.9% [Ieuan Wyn Jones and Phil Williams (ERA)]
With Rainbow falling apart, Plaid Cymru joined the prominent regionalist group at the time, the European Radical Alliance. Prime Minister Neil Kinnock, as part of a deal with the Social-Liberals after the 1991 election brought around a coalition, implemented proportional representation for the UK's seats in the European Parliament. Plaid Cymru easily held its two seats in a memorable campaign under the tagline "For Wales in Europe", receiving a record turnout of 39% in Wales. Meanwhile the SNP under Margo MacDonald increasingly associated themselves with fellow Eurosceptics such as the Green Party in what was now called the "Europe for Freedom and Democracy". Green parties in the rest of Europe was disappointed that the British Greens didn't join them, for sure.
1999: 2 seats, 1.8% [Jill Evans and Alun Ffred Jones (ERA [Green-ELDR-ERA])]
Held in the heady early days of Welsh devolution, when both Ieuan Wyn Jones and Phil Williams elected to join the Assembly instead of stay in the European Parliament and so their seats were replaced by Jill Evans and Alun Ffred Jones. A dismal result for the Greens and the British Greens [currently led by Jenny Jones and Tony Blair, the later which would defect to the Social-Liberals in 2000] refusing to join them led to the Liberals and Greens teaming up with the regionalists to form the "Third Choice" for Europeans, provisionally named Green-ELDR-ERA. Wales voted to send two Plaid MEPs to Brussells, of course. There, Evans would form important alliances.
2004: 1 seat, 1.2% [Jill Evans (EFA [ALRE])
Greens-ELDR-ERA would finally be merged as the Alliance of Liberals and Reformists for Europe, with the ELDR, EFA [The renamed ERA] and European Green Party as compotents in it. In 2003, the Treaty of Paris managed to pass and this established a president to be the "ceremonial head of state" of all of Europe. Plaid Cymru endorsed the ALRE candidate, François Bayrou who only won 17.5% of the vote in the first ever presidential election, which happened at the same time as the 2004 election. Which they managed to lose a seat in and Wales voted for the ESP candidate Manuel Chaves, who won the election and became the first President.
2009: 1 seat, 1.1% [Jill Evans (EFA [ALRE])
By 2009, Prime Minister Jack Straw and 17 years of Labour government [on and off coalition with the Social-Liberals notwithstanding] came at an end as the Conservatives under Theresa May won a bare majority. Plaid Cymru won a nice 6 seats in the election, but we're focusing on the European elections. President Manuel Chaves declined to run for re-election, and the EPP candidate Joachim Herrmann narrowly won. Plaid Cymru endorsed the ALRE candidate Frits Bolkestein, who won 13.1% of the vote. Wales voted once again for the ESP candidate, this time Proinsias De Rossa. Meanwhile, the Green Party, now renamed to Eco-Democratic Party, surged to 17.8% in the European elections in Britain, and together with the SNP, made up a big part of the growing Europe of Nations and Freedoms. The European project was increasingly under criticism.
2014: 1 seat, 1.7% [Jill Evans (EFA [ALRE])
As British politics torn itself apart as the Social-Liberals won 100 seats and the Eco-Dems won 14% of the vote [as well as Plaid Cymru winning a nice 11 seats], Theresa May stumbled forward, with a bare minority propped up by the SNP [leading to many newspapers accusing her of "selling us out to the Jocks"] and one of her agreements was an European withdrawal referendum in 2014. She chose to hold it at the same time as the European elections, and the result was a bare 52% majority for Remain. Scotland voted overwhelmingly for Leave, while Wales was noted to be a firmly Remain constituency. The presidential election saw Wales vote for the ALRE candidate, Maite Pagaza, by a slim 0.3% margin, over ESP candidate Ad Melkert, even as President Joachim Herrmann won a second term. And Plaid Cymru did well, holding on its one seat, even as the EDP and SNP made gains, and the EDP was now the biggest party in the UK delegation.
Once the referendum result returned, all hell broke loose. Farage declared that the closeness of the referendum showed that Britain didn't want to be in the EU and that they were "intimidated by a fear campaign" into voting for Remain, pointing to the EDP's "victory" in the Euro elections as proof of "Britain's true wish", while up north, the SNP started talking more of "independence from Europe". Meanwhile, in Wales, Plaid Cymru started to steam ahead of Labour in the polls, even if it was narrow.
2019: 2 seats, 3.1% [Sian Gwenllian and Cynog Dafis (EFA [ALRE])
By 2019, British politics was on fire. The European Union pushed on with "ever-closer union", vindicated by Britain ultimately voting to stay in, and this along with a deep feeling that the Westminster government was ignoring them, led to the 2015 election being an unexpected three-way election with the EDP netting 70 seats. In the end, the EDP split more Tory votes than Labour, and new Prime Minister Patrick Harvie [narrowly winning his unexpectedly-marginal Glaswegian seat] walked into 10 Downing Street with a majority.
The economy was shaky, and 7 years of Tory rule created division and disillusionment to Britain. Harvie, as the leader of Labour's left-wing, was the candidate of "Forward!", a grassroots organisation that successfully supported a left-wing victory in the Labour leadership election of 2013. Despite coming away from 2015 with a majority, Harvie lost 7% of the vote to the EDP, and this he reckoned that he had to deal with, one way or another. So it was that Labour tried to lance the "ever-closer union".
By 2019, Harvie was in a gloomy situation. The EDP rallied more voters as it entrenched itself as the "party for protection of England's green and pleasant land", fusing environmentalism with British nationalism, while the SNP, now firmly in control of Scotland's government under John Swinney, was pressuring for an independence referendum. And of course, some of Labour's MPs defected to the EDP, especially the more troublesome Eurosceptic elements.
In 2019, the ALRE chose Jill Evans as its presidential candidate, and together with surges for eco-liberal parties in several countries, she won with 37.4% of the vote. Meanwhile, there was an "at-home effect" as Plaid surged to win a second seat as Labour crashed and the EDP was too Green to win the coal Valleys. In the other parts of Britain, the EDP gained more seats and the SNP continued its dominance of the always-Eurosceptic Scotland. Farage and Swinney called on Harvie for a "People's Vote" for another chance to vote on leaving the European Union. Harvie held firm, even as his seat looked more doomed by the day to fall to the purple tide of the SNP.
The 2020 election promises to be very interesting.
Presidents of Europe Manuel Chaves (European Socialist Party (ESP)) 2004-2009 2004: def. Angela Merkel (European People's Party (EPP)), Francois Bayrou (Alliance of Liberals and Reformists for Europe (ALRE)) Joachim Herrmann (EPP) 2009-2019 2009: def. Proinsas De Rossa (ESP), Frits Bolkestein (ALRE), Fausto Bertinotti (European United Left (EUL))
2014: def. Ad Melkert (ESP), Maite Pagaza (ALRE), Jean-Luc Melenchon (EUL), Nigel Farage (Europe of Nations and Freedoms (ENF)) Jill Evans (ALRE) 2019- 2019: def. Alexander Stubb (EPP), Barbara Rosenkranz (ENF), Emmanuel Macron (ESP), Kateřina Konečná (EUL)
Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom Margaret Thatcher (Conservative majority) 1979-1991 1979: def. James Callaghan (Labour), David Steel (Liberal)
1983: def. Michael Foot (Labour), David Steel and Roy Jenkins (SDP-Liberal Alliance)
1987: def. Neil Kinnock (Labour), David Steel and Shirley Williams (SDP-Liberal Alliance)
1991 Maastricht: 53.1% For - 46.9% Against Neil Kinnock (Labour-Social Liberal coalition, then Labour majority) 1991-1999 1991: def. Margaret Thatcher (Conservative), Robert Maclennan (Social Liberal)
1995: def. Michael Heseltine (Conservative), Robert Maclennan (Social Liberal), Fergus Ewing (SNP) Jack Straw (Labour majority, then Labour-Social Liberal coalition) 1999-2008 1999: def. Michael Portillo (Conservative), Malcolm Bruce (Social Liberal)
2004: def. Kenneth Clarke (Conservative), Malcolm Bruce (Social Liberal) Theresa May (Conservative majority, then Conservative minority propped up by SNP) 2008-2015 2008: def. Jack Straw (Labour), Vince Cable (Social Liberal), John Swinney (SNP)
2013: def. David Miliband (Labour), Vince Cable (Social Liberal), Nigel Farage (Eco-Democratic), John Swinney (SNP), Cynog Dafis (Plaid Cymru)
2014 EU withdrawal: 51.8% Remain - 47.2% Leave Patrick Harvie (Labour majority) 2015-present 2015: def. Theresa May (Conservative), Nigel Farage (Eco-Democratic), Tony Blair (Social Liberal), John Swinney (SNP), Adam Price (Plaid Cymru)
1980: In this year Edward Edwardsson Skinner and his Lede party defeated Newton Newtonsson Cleveling and his Yesamming party in a general election. After claiming that Skinner had committed electoral fraud, Cleveling was found dead on the 5th of October and Skinner was accused of his murder. Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury, commander of the Here, took power and ordered an investigation, but before he could face justice Skinner fled to Wessex with his co-conspirators.
1981: In this year Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury called for an election and led the Yesamming party to victory, having come to an agreement with the Clevelings in which, in return for their support, he would appoint members of that family to his government.
2002: In this year Egstan Egbertsson Cadbury was killed when his plane crashed while returning from a meeting with Redelei Franksson Scot at Monkcaster. At first the Cadburys and Clevelings fought over who would take power but, upon realising the extent of the fury of the Mercian people who had for so long suffered under those two Norse families, they agreed that Hamríchen Hansdótor Cleveling Heremaning would take the premiership in an attempt to stop the Mercian people from retaking power for themselves. But justice would not be denied to the Mercians, and all the Cadburys and Clevelings were killed at Bormingham. Choosing Godfred Cyrillsson Centing as their new leader, on the 13th of November the Mercian people resolved to put all the Norse in the realm, who had sprouted like cockle amongst the wheat, to death.
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Something of a sequel to this. Inspired by the St. Brice's Day massacre and the Rwandan genocide, and to a lesser extent the Cambodian genocide. Obviously, I don't support any of those - like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, this Mercian Chronicle is not an unbiased source.
I'm not good enough at Old English and conlanging to actually do a New Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, so that part's in Modern English.
2003-2003: Folcward Henricksson de la Inn (Wessæxon folchere)
2003-2019: Edward Edwardsson Skinner (Lede)
2019-2019: Edward Edwardsson Skinner (Lede)/Yesca Stywardsdótor Eowining (Folcwaldly)(disputed)
In the end, Godfred Centing's genocide lasted a little less than three months. Folcsige Bex, despite his previous support for the Witan, decided that when West Saxons started being massacred for "giving up Mercia to the Danes" it was time for Centing to go, and the Wessæxon folchere (People's Army of Wessex) was occupying Tamworth within the week. But in those three months nearly two million people had already been murdered, including not just three quarters of the Norse population but also two hundred thousand "moderate" Anglo-Saxons who had refused to participate in or attempted to stop the slaughter of their neighbours.
Soon, however, it turned out that Centing had survived the bombing of his eco-house and was fighting a guerrilla war against the West Saxons. Matters were not made any better by the decision to have a French-speaking Norseman with sixty "wifelets" lead the occupation, and soon enough Bex decided to abandon his plan of becoming a modern bretwalda and just annex the contested regions of Birtcastershire and Oxenfordshire and hand over power to Skinner (who had already occupied the now empty Five Boroughs).
Of course, while the grass may have been much greener on the other side, the grass still wasn't entirely green.
Edward Skinner = Dennis Skinner
Egstan Cadbury = Peter Cadbury
Hamrichen Cleveling Heremaning = Harriet Harman
Godfred Centing = Jeff Kent
Folcsige Bex = Colin Bex
Folcward Henricksson de la Inn = Alexander Thynn
Yesca Eowining = Jess Phillips
Question: How much of a lame duck can Theresa May be?
2016-2021: Theresa May (Conservative)
2017 (GE): Theresa May (Conservative) [317] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [262] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Tim Farron (Liberal Democrat) [12] Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Gerry Adams (Sinn Fein) [7] Leanne Wood (Plaid Cymru) [4] Caroline Lucas and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] Sylvia Herman (Independent) [1] John Bercow (Speaker) [1]
February 2019 Realignment: Theresa May (Conservative) [314] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [245] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Vince Cable (Liberal Democrat) [11] Vacant (The Independent Group) [11]Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [7] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [4] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] (Independent) [10] John Bercow (Speaker) [1]Vacant [1]
May 2019 EU Election: Nigel Farage (Brexit) [29]Vince Cable (Liberal Democrat) [16] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [10]Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [7]Theresa May (Conservative) [4] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [3] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [1]
June 2019 Cabinet Reshuffle
On the Friday after the EU election, Graham Brady attended a meeting with Theresa May to inform her that, while the 1922 Committee had voted to not suspend the rules on not holding another no confidence vote in her before December, they had voted to ask her to resign. In the following week saw the resignations of resignations of Liam Fox, Michael Gove, and Chris Grayling from the Shadow Cabinet.
In July, with the Conservative Party regularly polling in single figures, Theresa May entered into negotiations with the ERG, which, in August, expanded into a new mass movement "party-within-a-party" called the 2016 Group. News that negotiations with them had expanded beyond Brexit into domestic policy caused some problems in cabinet, where ministers increasingly felt sidelined. Stephen Barclay succeeded Jeremy Hunt in the Foreign Office, with James Cleverly taking over the Brexit brief and Rory Stewart taking Defence from Penny Mordaunt. Equalities was briefly left vacant.
September 2019 realignment: Theresa May (Conservative) [304] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [242] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [14] Nigel Farage (Brexit) [12]Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Chuka Umunna (CHUK) [9]Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [7] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [4] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] (Independent) [10] John Bercow (Speaker) [1]Vacant [1]
Party Conference season was busy, with a mass defection of MPs, including Kate Hooey and David Davis, to the Brexit Party, and a split in CHUK with their leader and Luciana Berger joining the Lib Dems. The Conservatives managed to achieve a majority for a stripped back Queen's Speech consisting mostly of Brexit but with Draft Bills on the Legalisation of Fox Hunting, Grammar Schools, and a few other minor concessions to the right. It passed with the backing of CHUK, the DUP and a few independents
On Halloween, Brexit was delayed once again, following the failure of Meaningful Vote 6. The resignation of Stephen Barclay, among others, saw the Brexit Minister brief merged into the FCO position, as James Cleverly became Foreign Secretary. Rory Stewart's resignation from defence was a high profile departure on what many people saw as the last liberal voice in the cabinet.
In December, following the defeat of Meaningful Vote 7 Theresa May insisted that she would go to Brussels and negotiate a three month extension with either substantial changes to the Deal, or immediate no Deal Brexit.
In January 2020, Theresa May tendered her resignation, pending a leadership election. However, a week later the EU announced that it would, in fact not allow another extension. No Deal Brexit was set for March 29th 2020, and recognising the crisis the country was in, the Tory leadership was called off. A new "unity" cabinet was called, with Michael Gove in the Home Office, Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary, and Jacob Rees-Mogg as Chancellor.
Brexit went worse than, perhaps, could be expected. There were queues at Dover, economic crisis, and lack of essential medical supplies that had been considered accounted for (for instance, the task of stockpiling insulin had been given to a private company who had no warehouses and was merely planning to import insulin from the EU in the event of a no deal Brexit). Perhaps worse of all was the rioting in Northern Ireland. By the end of April, the unity cabinet was at war with itself.
May 2020 London Mayoral Election: Siobhan Benita (Liberal Democrat) [50.1%]Sadiq Khan (Labour) [36.9%]Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [8.3%]Peter Whittle (Brexit) [2.3%] Shaun Bailey (Conservative) [1.4%] James O'Brien (Independent) 1%
May 2020 Scottish Parliament Election: Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [70] Willie Rennie (Liberal Democrat) [16]Ruth Davidson (Conservative) [15] Patrick Harvie and Maggie Chapman (Green Party) [12] Richard Leonard (Labour) [10] Louis Stedman-Bryce (Brexit) [6]
Following their embarrassing defeat nation-wide in May's elections, the unity Cabinet collapsed and the 2020 Conservative Leadership election finally began, with a small, stripped back, caretaker cabinet with Phillip Hammond, James Cleverly, and Karen Brady in the Great Offices of State. 575
October 2020 General Election:Nigel Farage (Brexit) [201]Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [199] Jacob Rees-Mogg (Conservative) [91]Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [72]Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [53]Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [11]Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [8] Arlene Foster (DUP) [8] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [7]
The Tories were reduced to under 100 seats, but with no possible new government, Theresa May continued to serve as interim Prime Minister with a small, stripped back cabinet (Hammond and Cleverly were gone but Lidington served as Chancellor, Brady as Home Secretary, and Jacob Rees-Mogg as Foreign Secretary). A new election was scheduled for February 2021, but was delayed (in February by snow, and March and April due to the death of Queen Elizabeth II).
The not-very-snappy-snap election finally took place in May 2021.
May 2021 General Election:Nigel Farage (Brexit) [255]Dawn Butler (Labour) [172] Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [117]Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [56] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [13]Jacob Rees-Mogg (Conservative) [12]Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [10]Arlene Foster (DUP) [9] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [9]Ben Bradshaw (Speaker) [1]
Theresa May held her seat by just 1 vote, and continued to serve as Prime Minister with a small cabinet made up of every remaining Tory MP, until a unity Government of Labour, the Liberal Democrats, and the SNP was finally formed in July 2021. The new government was not destined to last for long, just long enough for Northern Ireland and Scotland to vote for independence and for England and Wales to reject a change to PR. Nigel Farage was left with the task of negotiating the break-up of the United Kingdom, a task that his successor as Brexit Party Prime Minister had completed before Theresa May's biography A Life of Service came out in March 2024.
With three days left to the list challenge I guess I should ask what people's thoughts are on the submissions? And if we should do another come come Wednesday.
