Reposting from AH.com:
My England
1910 - 1935: HM George V (Windsor)
1935 - 0000: HM Edward VIII (Windsor)
1929 - 1931: Ramsay MacDonald (Labour minority with Liberal supply and confidence)
1931 - 1931: Stanley Baldwin (Conservative-'Simonite' Liberal minority coalition)
1931 - 1932: Stanley Baldwin (Conservative-'Simonite' Liberal coalition)
1931: George Lansbury (Labour); Herbert Samuel ('Samuelite' Liberal); John Simon ('Simonite' Liberal); David Lloyd George ('Independent' Liberal); Oswald Mosley (New)
1932 - 1935: Neville Chamberlain (Conservative-'Simonite' Liberal coalition)
1935 - 1940: George Lansbury (Labour majority)
1935: Neville Chamberlain (Conservative); David Lloyd George (Liberal); Oswald Mosley (New)
1940 - 0000: William Graham (Labour majority)
While no doubt the aging King George V would have liked Ramsay MacDonald to form a 'National Government,' the King was forced to admit that Labour could not possibly countenance the decision. With MacDonald cognizant of splitting within his own party - inasmuch as Oswald Mosley had formed his 'New Party' - and, so, much to the King's chagrin, Ramsay MacDonald tendered his own resignation, and a car was immediately dispatched to bring Stanley Baldwin to the palace to kiss hands. Baldwin, forming a coalition with the Simonite Liberals, had only a minority government, and so he was forced to go to the country. Labour, meanwhile, had replaced MacDonald, now showing signs of dementia, with the radical George Lansbury, who had been unopposed for the leadership when Arthur Henderson made it clear that he had no interest in standing.
In the 1931 election - held amidst the background of the shocking announcement by Chancellor Heinrich Bruning, that Prince Oskar of Prussia would be assuming the throne after the end of the term of President Hindenburg - despite the best hopes of Baldwin, and his new Chancellor, Neville Chamberlain - the Conservatives only gained a few seats, with the leadership of Lansbury seemingly enough to save the Labour party from the depths of Ramsay MacDonald's tenure. The Liberals, meanwhile, were, some thought, irreparably split between Free Traders, led by Herbert Samuel's faction and Lloyd George's 'Independent Liberals' - a party largely composed of members of his own family - and John Simon's faction, which, like the Conservatives, supported tariffs. Mosley, too, won Stoke, Merthyr, and several other seats on the banner of his 'New Party,' emboldened by the economic catastrophe.
With the Baldwin-Simon coalition remaining in largely the same situation as it had been in before the election, the press barons, led by Lords Rothermere and Beaverbrook, saw this as their time to strike for free trade. A crucial by-election defeat by a 'United Empire' candidate, backed by the press barons ultimately culminated in the end of Baldwin's ill-fated premiership. The only tenable candidate to replace Stanley Baldwin was his long-time heir apparent, Neville Chamberlain - Simon was ruled out, inasmuch as the Conservatives held far more seats than the Simonites.
Chamberlain, already an old man by the time he assumed the premiership, would view his role as merely leading Britain through its economic catastrophe. He, alongside his brother Austen, his Foreign Secretary, attended the coronation of the new Kaiser in 1933, an event notably boycotted by the Nazis, in decline after Hitler's death in 1932, and he would present his congratulations to the newly elected President, William G. McAdoo, who had emerged as the nominee at the contentious Democratic Convention of 1932. Meanwhile, Chamberlain's appointment of the young Anthony Eden - whose bright career would end in his death in a plane crash in 1939 - at the newly-created post of Secretary of State for League of Nations Affairs - a post later dubbed 'League Secretary' - would be widely lauded. Meanwhile, the Liberals, after evaluating the chaos of 1931, ultimately agreed to reunification, although a number of prominent Simonites - never Simon himself - would defect to the Conservatives. The only Liberal politician in the House of Commons with enough influence to hold the party together was the one and only Welsh Wizard, David Lloyd George, who became Leader of the Liberal Party once more in 1934.
As 1935 came closer, Chamberlain knew that he would need to call a new election, and he was not hopeful about its outcome. Lansbury had, over the past three years, become something of a messianic figure to the unemployed of Britain. The ultimate end of Chamberlain's premiership would be the death of King George V in 1935, and the ascension of the playboy Prince of Wales, the newly-crowned Edward VIII, to the throne. Securing an alliance with Germany - and informed by his own pro-German sentiments - Edward would marry Princess Frederica of Hanover, the Kaiser's niece, far younger than he - indeed, her mother had once been deemed a suitable bride for Edward. Edward's infidelity to his wife would become notorious. Chamberlain, upon the death of the King, decided to dissolve Parliament, believing that patriotism surrounding the coronation and the royal wedding might save the Coalition.
He was wrong. George Lansbury, heading "probably the most radical government in history," as he proudly called it, swept into office with the largest majority in the party's history - not much of a feat, this being only the party's third government. Mosley, meanwhile, having turned towards social credit, won two more seats, although the Liberals still held more.
Despite its relative brevity, the Lansbury premiership was one of the most transformative in British history. Like President McAdoo, he implemented a broad Keynesian works program, and, crucially, informed by his Christian pacifist ideals, began a wide program of selling off much of the British army and navy, using the proceeds to create a socialist state in Britain. Meanwhile, Lansbury began an ambition programme of what essentially entailed dismantling the British Empire, most prominently granting India total self-rule with Stafford Cripps by 1937 to the loud protest of many, including now-backbencher Winston Churchill, who, paraphrasing Virgil, famously "seemed to see the River Ganges, foaming with much blood." Despite all this, Lansbury and Gandhi met at 10 Downing Street, with India given home rule. Meanwhile, Lansbury, making good on the Balfour Declaration, and aided by his League Secretary, Philip Noel-Baker, would create Palestine as a Jewish homeland, administered largely by the League of Nations.
However, Lansbury was an old man, and despite his seeming youthfulness, he was - unbeknownst to himself, it seems - dying. Already 72 when assuming the leadership, Lansbury turned 80 during his time in office. Privately, Lansbury discussed resigning the leadership, but there was so much to do. Sadly, it all caught up to him - on January 15th, 1940, the Prime Minister died in office, with his Chancellor, the unassuming William Graham, succeeding him. Whichever way the country goes in 1940 - some believe the Tory's new leader, Kingsley Wood, may have a chance - there is no doubt that George Lansbury truly made his mark on history.