Prime Ministers of New Zealand
1999-2005: Helen Clark (Labour)
1999 (Coalition with Alliance, C&S with Greens) def: Jenny Shipley (National), Jim Anderton (Alliance), Richard Prebble (ACT), Rod Donald and Jeanette Fitzsimons (Greens), Winston Peters (NZ First), Peter Dunne (United)
2002 (Coalition with Progressive, C&S with United Future and Greens) def: Bill English (National), Winston Peters (NZ First), Richard Prebble (ACT), Rod Donald and Jeanette Fitzsimons (Greens), Jim Anderton (Progressive), Peter Dunne (United Future), Laila Harre (Alliance)
2005-2007: Don Brash (National)
2005 (C&S with NZ First, Maori and United Future) def: Helen Clark (Labour), Winston Peters (NZ First), Rod Donald and Jeanette Fitzsimons (Greens), Jim Anderton (Progressive), Tariana Turia and Willie Jackson (Maori), Peter Dunne (United Future)
2007-2008: John Key (National)
2008-2012: Michael Cullen (Labour)
2008 (C&S with Greens) def: John Key (National), Jeanette Fitzsimons and Nandor Tanczos (Greens), Tariana Turia and Te Ururoa Flavell (Maori), Jim Anderton (Progressive), Willie Jackson (Mana Motuhake), Peter Dunne (United Future)
2011 (C&S with Progressive and Greens) def: Bill English (National), Stephnie de Ruyter and Willie Jackson (Progressive), Nandor Tanczos and Catherine Delahunty (Greens), Tariana Turia and Te Ururoa Flavell (Maori), Peter Dunne (United Future)
2012-2014: David Cunliffe (Labour)
2014-2016: John Banks (National)
2014 (C&S with NZ Future and Kiwi) def: David Cunliffe (Labour), Judy Turner and Winston Peters (NZ Future), Megan Woods and Hone Harawira (Progressive), Catherine Delahunty and David Clendon (Greens), Colin Craig (Kiwi)
2016-present: Bill English (National)
2017 (C&S with Liberals, NZ Future and Kiwi) def: Grant Robertson (Labour), Chloe Swarbrick (Liberals), Denise Lee and Winston Peters (NZ Future), Megan Woods and Raf Manji (Progressive), Garth McVicar (Kiwi)
It has been forgotten in the years since 2002, but the performance of Jim Anderton's Progressive Coalition in that election was nothing less than a miracle. The left-wing Alliance, hamstrung by years of authoritarian rule by Anderton, insufficient policy differentiation from their coalition partners, and a the revolt of the organisational wing of the party over Afghanistan, had been wallowing in the lower reaches of the polls for most of the term. In 2002, the breach became open, and Anderton counted his lucky stars that his party-hopping ban had been defeated the previous year, as his supporters in caucus now left the Alliance and formed the new eponymous party, which included Anderton's personal fans and the Democrats for Social Credit. And a little over half of the already minuscule Alliance support. The rest of the Alliance, including Maori rights party Mana Motuhake, continued under figures such as Laila Harre, Willie Jackson and Matt McCarten, and the victory of Harre in the Waitakere electorate got the first two into Parliament. This was in contrast to Anderton and United Future's Peter Dunne, whose televised debate performances won over quite a few swing voters (largely those who wanted to give Labour a coalition partner, in the case of Anderton, while Dunne appealed to Christians and to people who genuinely describe themselves as "sensible". Helen Clark's Labour government worked closely with both men over the next term.
This was a term of political transformation in NZ: Dunne's Christian MPs ripped his liberal party to shreds and caused constant dissension within Government; ACT voters, terrified by the paltry vote of the National Party in 2002, returned home, leaving Prebble et al up a creek (they elected a new leader in tough-on-crime Rodney Hide, but National's turn to social conservatism under Brash crowded him out of the field); and most importantly, the Foreshore and Seabed crisis led to a seemingly irreparable breach between Maori and the Labour Party. When Labour Minister Tariana Turia defected to start her own party to fight for Maori issues, the introspective remnants of the Alliance decided to get involved on the ground floor. Driven by Mana Motuhake members, the Alliance participated in the early stages of the Maori Party (Matt McCarten acted as Turia's campaign manager during her by-election campaign) and merged with them in advance of the general election.
With the Greens and Anderton's Progressives eating into left-wing support and the Maori Party leeching at their Maori electorates, it came as a worry to Labour when both Dunne and Winston Peters announced that they would support the party with the largest vote. In the event, it was a close-run thing, but Don Brash entered office with the support of both self-described centrist parties, and - in a surprise to the Alliance contingent - the Maori Party. Seeing that a National Government was inevitable due to the arithmetic, and desiring to moderate Brash's racist stances, Turia put a forceful case for entering the tent. But even before corruption scandals and plummeting polls drove John Key to roll Brash from office, Willie Jackson and Hone Harawira had led the left of the Maori-Alliance alliance out as a reconstituted Mana Motuhake. Left with an evenly split house, Key was a lame-duck PM with no chance of passing much in the way of law, so all the public saw of him was his smarminess. It was therefore inevitable that the fondly-remembered Clark's right-hand-man (who had defeated Steve Maharey to become Leader by quite a margin) took Labour back into office after just a single term, the first time this had ever happened.
With NZ First out of Parliament, having borne their share of the brunt of the electorate's reaction against an unpopular government, 2008 was Parliament's farewell to the last minor party which had contested the 1993 election. And with the diminishing left-of-Labour vote now sewn up by the Progressive Coalition and Mana Motuhake, the Greens were steadily returning to their hippy-liberal roots of earlier generations, epitomised by new co-Leader Nandor Tanczos. These leftist parties, though, were only in Parliament thanks to the electorate coat-tail rule, and negotiations resulted in Mana Motuhake's affiliation to the Coalition, as long as the still-rankling figure of Anderton left the leadership. He was followed by Green-style gender-balanced co-Leaders: Willie Jackson of Mana Motuhake and Stephnie de Ruyter of the Democrats for Social Credit.
The new party was constructive, racially realistic, socialist and, some would say, a little socially conservative, especially the stances on drugs and workfare. However, these policies were the ones which appealed to former Winston voters, and thereby denied him his attempt at re-entering Parliament in 2011. Driven to desperation, Peters agreed to merge with Peter Dunne's party, which had already merged with every other minor party over the previous decade and split almost as often. Peters' condition, much like Mana Motuhake's, was that Dunne (whom he thought a weak dullard) wouldn't be leader of the merged party, and a compromise was reached whereby a former Christian Dunnite MP would be Winston's back-seat co-leader. The new NZ Future party romped into Parliament thanks to the implosion of Labour support since David Cunliffe's ill-judged leadership coup. As in 2005, the National Party had tired of moderate technocrats and selected as Leader former Auckland Mayor John Banks, who had voted against the legalisation of homosexuality in his first stint as an MP.
In 2016, it came out that Banks had attempted to force a former partner to take drugs that would make her miscarry, and the scandal led to Bill English taking over for his third tenure as National leader. He was re-elected in 2017, although this time, the coalition with the Christian 'Kiwi Party' (who are only kept alive thanks to an electorate deal in East Coast Bays) and NZ Future has had to be bolstered by the metropolitan Liberal Party of former Auckland Mayor Chloe Swarbrick, and thus Government policy seems to have been moderated somewhat. The Liberals took so many votes from the Greens that the latter have dropped out of Parliament, leaving the Progressives sitting alone with Labour in Opposition. However, Swarbrick's misuse of her role as Kingmaker has drawn criticism and an immediate polling downfall.
Jim Anderton passed away in early 2018, and he was proud to have left behind a Progressive Coalition that united Maori interests with radical trade unions, a few lefty Christian Democrats, and a load of Social Credit oddballs. He was even happier to have seen the end of the Greens.