1922-1923: F. E. Smith, 1st Viscount of Birkenhead (Conservative)
1922 (Minority) def. Winston Churchill (Liberal), Ramsay MacDonald (Labour)
1922 – Second Mexican-American War; the Soviet Union invades Anatolia; Lord Kitchener is assassinated in Jerusalem; the March of the Fascisti on Rome end in failure; the British Cabinet revolts when Churchill prepares to dispatch troops to assist the Ottomans; Lord Birkenhead becomes the first elected Conservative Prime Minister in 40 years; the Soviet Union declares an independent Kurdistan out of Turkish territory; the Kuomintang become the dominant power in China; Mustafa Kemal deposes the Sultan with Soviet support, establishing the Turkish Republic; Britain returns to the gold standard; Charles-Napoleon marries Romanov Princess Anastasia
1923-1926: David Lloyd George (Liberal)
1923 (Minority w/ Labour supply) def. F. E. Smith, 1st Viscount of Birkenhead (Conservative), J.R. Clynes (Labour)
1923 – the German and Belgian armies occupy the Somme, Aisne, and Oise in lieu of reparations; the United States annexes the Baja Peninsula and makes peace with Mexico; Hyperinflation racks the French economy; the Four Power Treaty between U.K., Germany, C.S.A. and Japan to oppose U.S.A.’s efforts to restrict Naval power; Churchill resigns as Liberal leader after refusing to rely on Labour support; Croix-de-Feu found by François de La Rocque
1924 (Coalition w/ Labour) def. Austen Chamberlain (Conservative), J.R. Clynes (Labour)
1924 – King Constantine of Greece dies, he is succeeded by his eldest son Alexander; Reichstag elections produce Germany’s first SPD government; Vladimir Lenin dies, Leon Trotsky becomes Soviet leader; after a snap election fails to resolve the deadlock, Lloyd George invites Labour into a coalition; the Hoover Plan resolves French war reparation payment; Belgium and Germany end their occupation of Northern France
1925 – After succeeding President Cabot Lodge, Orren Lowden is inaugurated President in his own right; Hejaz-Nejd War ends in victory for the Hashemites; Pan-Germanist Adolf Hitler leads an uprising in Munich hoping to topple the SPD, he is exiled to his native Austria; Socialist General Maurice Sarrail is elected French President; Third Anglo-Afghan War; Locarno Treaties lead to general disarmament in Europe and America; Churchill enters the House of Lords
1926-1928: Christopher Addison (Liberal)
1926 – Lloyd George resigns amidst financial scandal; Sino-Soviet War, the NRA defeats the Red Army and invades Mongolia; Charles Maurras is released from prison, and soon takes leadership of Action Française; the mobilized Chinese army turns west to smash the remaining warlords; Pennsylvania Miners’ strike spirals into a General Strike; Emperor Hirohito succeeds his father, Taishō; Philippe VIII dies in exile in the U.S.A., the Bourbon claim to France passes to Jean, Duke of Guise; Statute of Westminster, Britain’s dominions are acknowledged as autonomous and independent states; Churchill expelled from the Liberal party for suggesting they abandon the Labour coalition and merge with the Tory Party
1927 – The C.S.A. intervenes in Nicaragua; Chinese Communists begin the Shanghai Bombings against foreign legations; Leon Trotsky appoints Tukhachevsky head of the Red Army; Pancho Villa leads a coup against Zapata; Charles-Napoleon begins funding Deloncle’s activities; Portugal withdraws from Galicia
1928-1931: Austen Chamberlain (Conservative)
1928 (Majority) def. J.R. Clynes (Labour); Christopher Addison (Liberal)
1928 – Social Democratic Party of America formed by Progressive Democrats, the Socialist and Communist Parties and Farmer-Labour; Churchill officially joins the Conservative Party; France’s Secret Committee of Revolutionary Action becomes the National Action Party; Socialist Chancellor of Germany Otto Braun falls, and is replaced by the Nationalist Alfred Hugenberg; conservative Republican Andrew Mellon win the U.S. election, the SDP shock everyone by coming second; François de La Rocque founds the French Social Party; Japan founds the East-Asia Prosperity Sphere, aiming to remodel its Empire on the Statute of Westminster
1929 – Leon Trotsky begins the centralisation of power in his office; ’29 riots between Jews and Arabs in Palestine; Left-wing Republican Aristede Briand elected President of France, the French Right is split three ways between Maurras (AF), La Rocque (FSP) and Eugène Deloncle (NAP); The London Stock exchanges crashes, start of the Great Slump as the global economy enters a depression
1930 – Bank failures sweep the U.S.; the All-India Muslim League declares support for an independent Pakistan; Start of Gandhi’s Civil Disobedience campaign; Stanley Bruce’s United Oceania Party wins its first election, the start of the country’s longest premiership; U.S. Midterms lead to a mass breakout for the SDP; Trotsky starts the liquidation of the Kulaks; Paramilitarism in France spikes as the economy collapses; Sun-Yat Sen falls ill and dies, a power vacuum restores China’s uncertainty; North America becomes struck by the Dust Bowl; Finland is admitted to the Scandinavian customs union; the exiled Romanov family begin publicly funding Eugène Deloncle and Charles Maurras
1931-1935: Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen (Conservative)
1931 (National Government w/ Labour and Liberal) def. Ramsay MacDonald (Labour); Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading (Liberal); Oswald Mosley (Ind. Labour)
1931 – The French Right forms the National Bloc, and actively begins undermining the Fourth Republic; Mustafa Kemal dissolves the Turkish Assembly amidst a rise in Communist activity; Exiled Tsar Nicholas II dies in Paris, Grand Duchess Olga succeeds as head of the Romanov family; Hugenberg resigns as Chancellor, Reichstag elections lead to the formation of the “Stresemann Front”, a coalition of liberal/centre parties; Charles-Napoleon illegally stands and wins a seat in the National Assembly elections; under mounting pressure, Austen Chamberlain resigns; with Western approval, Japanese troops occupy Shanghai to protect the foreign legations against mounting violence; Mao Zedong announces the Chinese Soviet Republic, start of the Chinese Civil War; Britain’s political parties form a National Government in response to the economic crisis; Varela-Irwin Agreement, Britain returns the Balearic Islands early, in exchange for an extend lease on its base on Minorca
1932 – The Conservative Party of the Confederacy disbands, its membership split between younger populists like Huey Long and older reactionaries; World disarmament conference in Geneva ends in failure; the National Bloc secure a majority in the French Assembly; Norway, Denmark and Sweden enter a federal political union, uniting them all for the first time since 1524; Democrats and Republicans agree to form a joint ticket for the Presidential election; Edward, Prince of Wales, weds the widowed Princess Isabelle Orléans in a morganatic ceremony – the match is deeply unpopular on both sides of the Channel; French President Briand is assassinated, the National Bloc declare a state of emergency and appoint Marshal Petain his replacement; start of the Turnip Winter, as Food stocks collapse in Europe due to the collapse in imports from America and the Soviet Union; the Dominion of Ireland assumes sole responsibility for the upkeep of the Irish Army; President Mellon denounces the results of the election with a clear win for the SD, he invites Army Chief MacArthur to form an emergency government
1933 – King Charles I of Poland dies, despite the popularity of the new King Charles II, the monarchy begins to fall in popularity; Strikes and protest sweep the U.S. in protest of Mellon and MacArthur, start of the Second American Revolution; the National Front passes an Enabling law, empowering Petain to restore order by any means; Pan-Germanist Adolf Hitler seizes power in Austria, many of his supporters in Germany cross the border to defend the new regime; attempt on the life of Leon Trotsky, purges and crackdowns sweep the Soviet Union; Socialist Republic of America declared in New York, most states have rival ‘Soviet’ governments; France bans all political parties not part of the National Front; Socialist General Smedley Butler seizes Columbus, but MacArthur flee and sets up in Denver; former PM, Churchill makes his radio broadcast calling for re-armament; Charles Maurras publicly denounces the Orléans, shocking France and endorses the Bonapartist claim; Huey P. Long is elected President of the C.S.A. promising a fusion of strongman leadership and wealth distribution; Maryland, Missouri and New Mexico secede from the U.S. and join the Confederacy
1934 – Governors of New England, Washington state and Michigan appeal to Canada for protection, London approves the Canadian Army crossing the border to occupy them; Austrian Civil War, fighting breaks out across the country but Hitler retains his rule, despite Chancellor Stresemann closing the border and applying sanctions; Start of the London Conferences, aimed to resolve the debate about Indian self-rule; in conjunction with the Spanish military and the far-right, Carlist claimant Xavier de Borubon-Parma marches on Madrid and is crowned King; a Japanese fleet steams into Pearl Harbour; the socio-economic “Mosley Memorandum” is rejected by the British Cabinet, Oswald resigns and wins a challenge for Labour leader, withdrawing the party from the National government; the Second Continental Army is victorious and the Union of American Soviets declared amidst the ashes of the U.S.A.; Alexander of Serbia and Adolf Hitler sign a treaty, aimed at dividing Hungary; the Great Slump officially ends in Great Britain, though unemployment remains high and the global economy still totters
1935-????: Oswald Mosely (Labour)
1935 (Minority) def. Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen (Conservative); F. Kingsley Griffith (Liberal); Henry Page Croft (National); James Maxton (Ind. Labour)
1935 – Huey Long withdraws Confederate troops from Nicaragua; the Jarrow March leads to the General Strike, faith in the National government plumets; Mao Zedong is killed as the Chinese Red Army retreats to Shaanxi; Marshal Petain asks to step down from his post, Maurras and Deloncle successfully negotiate the Bonaparte restoration in return for La Rocque as Premier; with the backing of the Press Barons, Oswald Mosley brings down the National Govt. and wins minority in the election, the first Labour government in history; Józef Piłsudski dies, the multi-ethnic, pro-monarch coalition dominant in Poland quickly collapses; Mustafa Kemal dies, and the Turkish Communist Party establishes control with Soviet help; the London Conferences end, and the Government of India is passed, dividing the subcontinent into four independent Dominions (Burma, Bengal, India, and Pakistan-Punjab); Trotsky visits to the new U.A.S., and promises the world revolution is near; Governor of Libya, Italo Balbo, attempts to launch a coup to seize power in Rome, start of the Italian Civil War; the French Empire renounces the disarmament clauses of the Versailles Treaty; the Rif War, joint French-Spanish action to put down a rebellion on Morocco
1936 (Majority) def. Sir Arthur Griffith-Boscawen (Conservative); Henry Page Croft (National); F. Kingsley Griffith (Liberal); James Maxton (Ind. Labour)
1936 – George V dies, his son, the unpopular Edward VII succeeds; 1936 Olympics held in Tokyo, China boycotts; the Turkish-Soviet backed Kurdish Uprising is successful, the Arab army withdraw from the region after they fail to put it down swiftly, despite British support; The ‘coronation elwction; Mikhail Tukhachevsky arrests and exiles Leon Trotsky to Siberia, control of the Soviet Union passes to a more conservative triumvirate with Nikolai Bukharin and Sergei Kirov; Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, Britain withdraws all its troops from Egypt besides Suez; the U.A.S. appoints Trotskyist Franklin Roosevelt as General Secretary, relations between the two Soviet nations quickly breakdown; while carrying King Edward VII to India, HM Airship R303 explodes over the Persian Gulf, the Empire goes into mourning and the Duke of York succeeds as Albert III
1937 – Charles-Napoleon and Anastasia are Crowned Emperor and Empress of France in Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris; Non-intervention agreements around the Italian Civil War break down, arms quickly begin flooding from abroad to both sides; under British encouragement, Hashemites Princes agree to merge their Emirates into a united Arabia with Faisal of Syria as King; the British and German government actively begin rearming; Anglo-Iranian Treaty, Britain reduces its influences in Persia to secure its support against the Soviet Union; the Bombing of Florence shocks the world, Balboist forces enter the ascendency; March on Peking; the Great Purge, the Triumvirate mandate the shooting of many Trotskyists which escalates into antisemitic violence across Russia; the Imperial Conference in Ottawa ends with defence and economic integration within the British Empire, Ireland and India opt of the agreements citing the Statute of Westminster; Roosevelt names Trotsky a “Russian Lafayette” and demands his release, in response the Triumvirate has him shot
1938 – Second Sino-Japanese War, after Peking falls to the Red Army, Japan invades Manchuria aiming to restore the Qing Dynasty; the Soviet Triumvirate begin implementing Russification policies, targeting the Unions religious and ethnic minorities; Italo Balbo promises France Nice and Savoy in return for support in the Italian Civil War; Oswald Mosely tours North America, soothing tensions between Dixie and the Soviets; Charles de Gaulle is made French Chief of Staff and oversees the mechanisation and expansion of the French Army; the Balkan War, the Vienna-Belgrade Axis invades Hungary, Croatia is annexed by Serbia and a puppet regime under Austria set up in Budapest; Treaty of Jerusalem settles boundaries between Britain and Arabia, King Faisal also agrees to the principle of a Jewish state in Palestine; Roman Dmowski comes to power in Poland and issues a warrant for the arrest of the Habsburg monarch, the Polish State becomes a republic as Charles II flees to London; Francois de La Rocque is assassinated in Algiers, responsibility is disputed, but many suspect his replacement, Eugène Deloncle; Balboists capture Milan, ending the Italian Civil War; National Service Act passed by Parliament, requiring all males unemployed or under-25 to register for service
1939 – The Pact of Fire, an anti-communist, anti-democratic alliance signed between France, Austria and Serbia; British and German foreign ministers Nicholson and Goerdeler resign after leaked telegrams about appeasing the French are published; the Nanking Armistice, Japan concludes a peace with the Kuomintang ending the War in China, but retains the Qing in Northern China, skirmishes with the Communists continue; Germany supervises the Pact of Bucharest, aligning Romania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Greece against the Pact of Fire; Britain and Japan agree to renew the Anglo-Japanese alliance; Hindu nationalists assassinate Mahatma Gandhi as he hosts talks at Lucknow about reuniting Bengal and Pakistan with India; Spain and Poland become observers of the Pact of Fire; multi-ethnic, pro-monarchist demonstrations in Lwów and Krakow are viciously put down by the Polish Army; Huey Long becomes the second Confederate President to win a second time
1940 – Rotterdam Agreement, Britain and Germany guarantee the independence of the Benelux; Committee of Revolutionary Islam founded in Mosul; Italo Balbo summons Vittorio Emmauel III back from exile; the Kuomintang expels all Soviet citizens, competition between the allies and America for influence increases; France demands Belgium withdraw from Pas de Calais and a referendum on Alsace-Lorraine; Antwerp Summit, Mosley urges compromise but Stresemann refuses to negotiate on Alsace; the French Army storms Belgium without a formal declaration of war; Huey Long establishes a permanent peacetime draft, and signs off on the enlistment of black soldiers; Britain and Germany declare war on the French Empire