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Biaggi’s Second Opium Den

Reversed (WIP):

1913-1917: Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive-Republican) [1]
1912 def. (with Hiram Johnson) Woodrow Wilson (Democratic), William Howard Taft (Conservative-Republican), Eugene Debs (Socialist)
1917-1921: Charles Evans Hughes (Republican) [2]
1916 def. (with Charles Fairbanks) Champ Clark (Democratic), John M. Parker (Remainder Progressive)
1921-1925: John M. Cox (Democratic) [3]
1920 def. (with Edwin Johnson) Charles Evans Hughes (Republican), Eugene Debs (Socialist)
1925-1928: John W. Davis (Democratic) [4]
1928-1933: Al Smith (Democratic) [5]
1924 def. (with Al Smith) James Hemenway (Republican), Oscar Ameringer (Socialist)
1928 def. (with Oscar Underwood) Warren G. Harding (Republican), Norman Thomas (Socialist)
1933-1937: Herbert Hoover (Republican)[6]
1932 def. (with Martin F. Howard) Al Smith (Democratic), Hiram Evans (Klu Klux Klan), Norman Thomas (Socialist leading Popular Front)
1937-1941: Alf Landon (Democratic)[7]
1936 def. (with William Bray) Herbert Hoover (Republican), Walter Pierce (Klu Klux Klan), Floyd Olson (Popular Front)
1941-1945: Wendell Willkie (Independent)[8]
1940 def. [backed by Republicans & Nullifier Democratic] (with William Donovan) Alf Landon (Democratic), Marion Zioncheck (Popular Front)
1945-1953: Thomas Dewey (Republican) [9]
1944 def. (with Earl Warren) Quentin Burdick (Democratic), Culbert Olson (Popular Front)
1948 def. (with Earl Warren) Robert Hurley (Democratic), Jasper McLevy (Popular Front)
1953-1961: Adlai Stevenson II (Democratic) [10]
1952 def. (with Isaac MacCollum) Sumner Sewall (Republican), Vito Marcantonio (Popular Front)
1956 def. (with Isaac MacCollum) Earl Warren (Republican), Strom Thurmond (Southern Bloc), Wayne Morse (Popular Front)
1961-1965: Richard Nixon (Popular Front) [11]
1960 def. (with Freda Ameringer) Harold Stassen (Republican), Isaac MacCollum (Democratic), Orval Faubus (Southern Bloc)
1965-1969: Barry Goldwater (Republican)[12]
1964 def. [backed by Southern Bloc] (with Charles Bonesteel [elected by House]) Phil Willike (Democratic), Richard Nixon (Popular Front)
1969-1973: Hubert Humphrey (Democratic)
1968 def. [backed by "Light Green" Popular Front faction] (with John Glenn) Barry Goldwater (Republican), Lyndon LaRouche ("Dark Green" Popular Front faction)
1973-1976: George McGovern (Republican)
1976-1981: Gerald Ford (Republican)
1972 def. (with Gerald Ford) Hubert Humphrey (Democratic)
1976 def. (with John Tower) John Glenn (Democratic), Billy Graham (Values)
1981-1985: James E. Carter (Values)
1980 def. (with Jackie Robinson [elected by House]) William Bradley (Democratic), John Tower (Republican)
1985-1985: Walter Mondale (Democratic)
1985-1989: Michael Dukakis (Democratic)
1984 def. (with Michael Dukakis) James E. Carter (Values), Jackie Robinson (Republican)
1988 def. (with Richard Cheney) James E. Carter (United)



[1] Elected in 1912 in a shock upset helped by the complete collapse of the Taft campaign, Wilson under preforming, Progressives breaking into the South, and an assassination attempt, Roosevelt's term would first be focused on repairing relations with his old Republican party, before breaking into the Great War on the side of the allies, warring against Germany. However, increasingly poor health and hopes of more moderate leadership led to Roosevelt endorsing Charles Evans Hughes in his place in 1916.

[2] Hughes main objective would be the ending of the Great War, which occurred fairly early in his term, with the rest of his administration focused on picking up the pieces. Although popular among historians, generations of unending Republican rule and an economic recession due to the end of WWI would lead to Hughes increasing unpopularity and loss in 1916.

[3] Cox was an incredibly popular candidate when he burst onto the scene. He was popular on both sides of the Democratic party - winning over interventionists and war hawks for his persecution of the German language as governor of Ohio, and winning over isolationists with his calls for "normalcy". He would dominate Republicans, holding them only to a portion of midwestern states and the old bastions of Vermont and Maine. His administration focused on greater international co-operation, lower taxes, Americanization, greater union power, and prohibition. However, while Cox has historically been seen as one of the more progressive and successful presidents in American history, growing exhaustion from the War on Terror against the Klu Klux Klan and growing American socialist groups caused him to step down for his Secretary of State.

[4] Less progressive than either his successor or predecessor, John W. Davis was elected as a moderate compromise to keep Democrats out of factional war. He chose an anti-prohibition Catholic vice-president, but adopted a more conservative platform than many liked. Democrats swept many regions that refused to back Davis due to Smith's presence, but once again lost ground in the south. Davis struggled to do anything notable as president, minus his assassination, which to this day many blame on the Roman Catholic Church.

[5] The son of immigrants, first Catholic president, Tammany ally, Al Smith certainly imagined himself as a president who would be remembered for centuries, a powerful reformer capable of finishing the job Roosevelt and Cox started. Then, in 1929, only months after his dominating defeat of the weak-willed and dying Warren G. Harding, the economy crashed. Smith tried his best to stop the damage, but Republicans destroyed him. Anti-Catholicism and the Klu Klux Klan exploded in popularity, congress immediately elected massive Republican majorities, and Democrats looked ruined. Smith stayed on for the 1932 election, but arguably did more harm than good to the fragile Democratic party.

[6] In a party system full of blowouts, Herbert Hoover's remains the most impressive. The 1929 Crash still weighed heavy on Americans minds, and even with the campaign of Hiram Evans taking anti-Smith voters (winning Oregon and Indiana), he still won almost every state with the exception of ocean-blue Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, South Carolina, Rhode Island, the aforementioned Evans states, and Minnesota to Norman Thomas. It's hard then for many to understand how Hoover would lose 1932, but many blame his mismanagement of the 1929 Crash's recovery, in particular his insensitive response to the Dust Bowl. In 1934, many notable liberals and leftists would win in the plains. Alf Landon, Terry Carpenter, Gerald Nye, Josephine Ronche, and most famously Oscar Ameringer in Oklahoma all would enter office on widespread anger from the plains. Hoover's failure to respond cost him re-election, and led to Democrats forming the "dust coalition" between the South and plains for decades to come.

[7] Elected to fix the Dust Bowl and the remnants of the economic crash, Landon's administration was largely focused on other issues. Yes, his farm subsidies and economic plans stopped the bleeding, and the economy would grow under Landon, but his goals as an internationalist and war with the Klu Klux Klan, which dominated many states, would be the main goal of Landon's time as president. By 1936, the Klu Klux Klan, grown out of economic resentment, anti-Catholicism, and a growing immigrant population, dominated large portions of the nation. They had become increasingly violent, and Landon viewed them as "menaces to society". His administration formed the Department of Homeland Security, and, with the help of Hiram Evan's arrest for rape, would officially end the War on Terror. Meanwhile, he achieved the goal of the internationalist Democrats such as Al Smith and James Cox before him, joining the League of Nations and recognizing the revolutionary government of Chile. However, his long-ranging goals made him many enemies, in particular in the northeast and urban midwest, where he faced the "Second Nullifier Crisis" against Illinois governor George Brennan over the now-controversial issue of Prohibition, and his loss in 1940 would come at the hands of an Independent businessman backed by Republicans and "Nullifier Democrats".

[8] Elected on the promise of not changing anything except Prohibition, Willkie preceded to do just that, while expanding America's role in the League of Nations ever so slightly. He was quickly dumped by Republicans for a more popular figure, and the Democrats who supported him in 1940 saw no reason to do so after young compromise candidate Quentin Burdick appeared on the scene. His administration passed little in the way of impactful legislation, and Willkie left office half-dead.

[9] The first full, consecutive two-term president since Grant, Dewey was elected on a ticket with Earl Warren, capitalizing on his popularity as an anti-mob reformer in New York, and defeating liberal Democrat Quentin Burdick in a campaign attacking the evils of Communism, labor overreach, and corruption. His administration took a sharp turn to the right from the previous administrations. While he was still avidly pro-League of Nations, he warred against the growing left-wing states that had begun to pop up in not just Chile, but now Germany and Spain, and fought hard with the Popular Front, leading to what many call "The Red Scare". Still, many Americans did not view Communism as a threat, as it seemed to exist only in smaller more unimportant nations, and his attacks on Germany often hurt Republicans in the midwest. His attempted banning of the Communist party led many to call him "the dictator from New York", only compounded by his attempt at running for a third term. and he nearly lost re-election to a fellow midwesterner, Robert Hurley as liberals coalesced their opposition to him.

[10] Adlai Stevenson, a man elected to fulfill a grand American liberal tradition, did just that. His presidency would be one of the most important in American history. The first issue was the oft-ignored Civil Rights question. Democrats, after healing the wounds of the Nullifier split and seeing prohibition fall by the wayside, had created a "Dust Coalition", that had held the senate since Hoover's presidency, and consisted of the plains, south, immigrants, and urban machines. Civil Rights were not touched on by this group, fearing a massive split, and the plains were generally resentful towards the advocacy of Civil Rights. That was, until, the Royall Court, led by southerner Kenneth Royall, laid down a massive 9-0 decision to end discrimination in schools only months into Stevenson's presidency. The response was electric, and despite cautioning from some within the south or moderate bloc, Stevenson, an old Nullifier himself who had long resented the south, pushed for Civil Rights. An alliance with the northern wing of the Republicans and Popular Front saw the end of private and public segregation, and protections on African-Americans right to vote. While the north was largely pleased with this development, the south would not be so kind. Many feared the rest of the south would soon look like Oklahoma, where the Popular Front had brought in an era of governance led by an Indian-Black-leftist alliance that many southerners despised. The Southern Bloc, a collection of conservative senators, split off from the Democrats after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1955, and threatened Stevenson's chances at re-election. They formed a powerful group, taking old Southern machines and remaking them, but struggled, and Stevenson still won in 1956. Stevenson would also see America involved in its first war since the Great War, warring against the new Socialist government of the Dominican Republic. The war would be a failure, a surprisingly bloody one, and was controversial at home, leading to the "'59 Generation", or a generation opposed to the war and promoting new ideals, taking center stage. Oft-ignored is Stevenson's more zany ideas, such as the United States joining the British-run European Community, buying Greenland, releasing the Philippines, supporting the formation of Jewish Uganda, or even smaller transformations, such as the statehoods of Hawaii, Alaska, Washington D.C., and Puerto Rico.

[11] Elected in 1960 as part of the "Spirit of '59", Nixon united the opposition to the Dominican War behind himself, winning as a "peace candidate" against the establishment, and even winning over conservatives, such as Wisconsin senator John Rarick, against the war machine. His victory was seen as massive for the American far left, who had spent years in opposition, forced to co-operate with the Democratic or Republican parties. Nixon had been one of those men, elected as a Popular Front candidate during the late 1940s to the state house before pulling off an upset election in 1950 as state Attorney General. In any other state besides California, he would've never done anything besides made a few headlines, but California's former Attorney general who had held no other higher office, was serving at that time as vice president. Nixon became nationally famous for his "desegregation wars", tearing apart all remnants of racial discrimination in California and surviving 5 recall campaigns. He then became even more popular for his opposition to war in the Dominican Republic, and was nominated by acclaim by the Popular Front. Even after his narrow victory, he struggled as president. Yes, Nixon got the troops out of the DR, yes he repaired relations with Spain and France, yes he was able to improve civil rights and labor rights, but for the most part he saw a congress, led by resentful members of all parties, straight up shred his legislation. Nixon would lose re-election, and in the future would grow resentful and bitter, writing several attacks on the political establishment before his death, and retiring to Spain.

[12] If Nixon was the representation of the Spirit of '59, Goldwater was the response. The conservative wing of the Republican party, dormant for decades, finally coalesced itself around Goldwater, and his backing from the Southern Bloc allowed him to unite an electorate around him as he defeated the son of the former president Phil Willike, winning a great victory for conservatives in America. Goldwater was able to forge a "conservative coalition" behind the Southern Bloc and conservative Republicans, passing several pieces of reactionary legislation. However, while he was able to fight labor unions and roll back some civil rights bills, he failed to really do much, as liberals in the Republican party blocked many of Goldwater's schemes. Instead, Goldwater would resemble Nixon, warring against a congress he failed to control, and existing really more as a statement than a success.
 
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