A lot of Israeli politicians could have very easily made careers elsewhere in the absence of a viable state of Israel. Golda Meir grew up in Minnesota as a naturalised American citizen, so if she didn't make aliyah it's pretty possible to see her on the leftward edge of the DFL (at least at first.). Likewise, Netanyahu grew up in Pennsylvania thanks to his dad's college job and worked at the same consulting firm as a young Mitt Romney.
Vice versa too. One could imagine various American Jewish politicians who could be officeholders in Israel.
Bernie Sanders worked in a kibbutz in Israel at one point. PM Sanders anybody?
Leon Blum, PM of France, was a member of the Zionist Congress representing French Jewry.
George Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece from 2009 to 2011, was born in Minnesota in 1952 and only moved to Greece in 1974.
Karl Marx at one point considered moving to Texas.
I suppose Dreyfus, frustrated with how he was treated, could have emigrated someplace.
The First Indian-America Judge, Abraham David Sofaer, was a Baghdadi Jew born in Mumbai. His family sent him to the USA at age 13. Maybe they pick someplace else instead. London?
Charles Lucien Bonaparte, American Secretary of the Navy and Attorney General, could perhaps have held office in France.
Emperor Maximilian of Mexico could have been put on the throne someplace else.
Trotsky could perhaps do something in the USA if he doesn't go back to Russia in 1917.