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The Thirty-Fourth HoS List Challenge

The Thirty-Fourth HoS List Challenge

  • The Lights Went Out And So Did The Old World - Yokai Man

    Votes: 4 19.0%
  • We're Here Because We're Here - Walpurgisnacht

    Votes: 7 33.3%
  • Rhymes In Perpetuity - Lilitou

    Votes: 15 71.4%
  • The Man Who Lost the War (and the Union) - AH Layard

    Votes: 6 28.6%
  • Breaking Wind In The Palaces Of The Mighty - Mumby

    Votes: 8 38.1%

  • Total voters
    21
  • Poll closed .

Walpurgisnacht

It was in the Year of Maximum Danger
Location
Banned from the forum
Pronouns
He/Him
A penny loaf to feed old lists, a chunk of overreliance-on-a-single-Wikipedia-article to choke them…

The rules are simple; I give a prompt, and you have until 4:00pm on the 28th (or whenever I remember to post the announcement on that day) to post a list related to the prompt. As for what constitutes a list? If you'd personally post it in Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State rather than another thread, I think that's a good enough criterion. Writeups are preferred, please don't post a blank list, and I'd also appreciate it if you titled your list for polling purposes. Once the deadline hits, we will open up a multiple choice poll, and whoever receives the most votes after a week gets the entirely immaterial prize.

In holiday terms, November offers plenty of good themes, reliant as it is on two major history-based holidays themed around remembering. Since I’ve already done Bonfire Night, it behooves me to approach the other, more solemn, celebration. This challenge is themed around World War One—the war meant to end all wars, and that shattered Europe for decades. I’m sure you’ll be able to think of something.

Good luck!
 
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Does the First World War have to take place on the same timeframe (1914-1918) or would an earlier/later War be admissible?
 
The Lights Went Out And So Did The Old World

1914-1914 René Viviani (Republican Socialist leading War Government)

1914-1919 Joseph Joffre (Independent leading War Government)

1919-1921 Joseph Joffre (National Rebirth Alliance Majority)

1919: Joseph Joffre-ARN [429],Paul Faure-SFIO [87],Auguste Issac-Bloc National [54],Édouard Herriot/Aristide Briand-PRS [43]
1921: Start of the Fourth French Republic,Joffre becomes President


1921-193x Étienne Clémentel (National Rebirth Alliance Majority)
1924: Étienne Clémentel-ARN [400],Léon Blum-SFIO [107],Édouard Herriot-Cartel du Gauche [54],Raymond Poincaré-AD [29],Louis Marin-FR [25]
1928: Étienne Clémentel-ARN [407],Léon Blum-SFIO [105],Édouard Herriot-Cartel du Gauche [52],Raymond Poincaré-AD [29],Louis Marin-FR [22]


“How does one describe Joffrism?”

This question has been asked again and again by political scientists and elected figures alike since 1919 and there is still no real answer. It doesn’t consider itself to be left wing or right wing. It is both authoritarian and democratic in how it envisions the State and how it should function. It is an enigma no one knows how to deal with. And thus we shan't.

Instead,it would be better if we examine how Jofferism came to be.

The Battle of Marne could have gone so differently if a French patrol had discovered the plans of that damn von Kluck when they gunned down a German convoy. But they didn’t and thus Paris was set aflames. In the chaos of the retreat,Viviani and Clementeau had died while Gallieni and the last enhabitants of Paris fought to the bitter end the German forces. Only narrowly and with great cost were they kicked back 100 km east

The man resposible for this was not Gallieni (who died of a heart attack during the Seige of Paris but this was covered up-people need heroes, especially in desperate times) but Joffre. Oh sure,said success was more due to the BEF. But to ordinary Frenchmen,he felt and was presented as the man who saved France from being enslaved by the Boches. Out of the chaos,he became the new head of the war government,first interimary and then permanently at the behest of frightened political leaders. In other situations,Joffre would have said no. But this was not an ordinary situation. The events of the past weeks have showed him that the politicians,the officers who all learned in Catholic schools,the whole old order-all have failed in protecting the Republic.

If they could not deal properly with the problems of France and its people,then by God he shall.

And if he had to destroy the Republic in order to save it,then so be it.

Many have often pointed out that Joffre,through out the duration of the First World War,was never really that competent military or political wise. That his constant war of attrition was at best incompetent and at worst demented. That he only won victories like the sinking of the Italian Navy and the occupation of Sardinia and Sicily by pure luck. Which is correct but it leaves out one important detail:

Joffre got lucky a lot of times. And as long as he continued getting lucky,it simply didn't matter what he did.

The constant charges and raids? Viewed by the civilian population at large as acceptable-after all,they did work in the end.

Censoring the press and the 3rd Bureau spying on everyone? Perfectly understandable during a time of war.

The forced nationalization of certain key industries? Neccesary for the greater good and tbf the owners did ask it at times.

By the time Germany,Austro-Hungary,the Ottomans,Bulgaria and Italy all fell into chaos and civil wars or societal collapse followed,Jofferism had already been formed and France was changed forever. A new consensus was formed,all around Papa Joffre,Savior of the Nation and Father to its people. Most of the parties formed after the Dreyfus Affair had been swallowed by the new ANR,a party that mostly existed only as an extention of Joffre. This was his world now and everyone else was living it,whether they liked it or not.

The Joffre years were...complex,to say the least. On one hand,Joffre had established a near dictatorial regime by changing the Constitution and giving the President nearly unlimited powers but on the other hand it didn’t actually mean that much-Joffre rarely used it that much and left most of the governing to Clémentel and his technocratic-like government-which honestly? Incredibly competent and underappreciated in some aspects,especially economically as France became the first nation to adopt the theories of Keynes into practice.

Did the 3rd Bureau spied on everyone,organized secret murders and banned political groups? Yes and no. Joffre only ordered to take extreme actions against far left and far right groups and anyone who was a threat to the Republic. Very explicitly in fact the Bureau was banned from interfering with journalists and other members of the public outside of matters of national security and were only allowed to spy and record Blum,Herriot or Poincaré at best-anything more than that was punishable by death via drowning in the Seine.

Was his secularization campaign a bit too harsh? Maybe. But it was certantly neccesary in the eyes of Joffre. The Republic had tolerated those who refused to accept that France was a secular state for too long. If they couldn't stopped by the ballot,then they would stopped by the bullet. The death of many officers,including General Petain,at the hands of the 3rd Bureau was acceptable for Papa Joffre. He believed that,unlike others, he had learned from the Dreyfus Affair and that the army needed to be purged in order to stop it from overthrowing democracy.

And yes Joffre,in his own odd way,did believe in democracy. He just thought it needed a strong,all powerful state to take care of it and punish its enemies violently. After all,he would argue,look what happened to Russia,Italy or Hungary. You don't want someone like Trotsky,Corradini or Prónay taking over,do you?

Thus the Twenties were a curious time as a result. The press could openly criticise or mock Joffre but rarely did directly because of possible backlash from the population and instead attacked other figures in the ANR when possible. The cult of Joffre existed but it wasn't imposed by the state-oh sure,Joffre liked and didn't condemn it but didn't approve of it per se when it went too far. The economy was better than ever before,social programs were realized quicker than in any previous government and,to top it all of,the people genuinely loved Joffre. The Anti-Joffrists,like Gambetta after 8 May 1870,were in constant despair. The Marechal’s abuse of power felt unstoppable and worse of all people liked that. Every time they’d try to outflank him he and Clémentel would outdo them and achieve their policies in the least Constitutional manner possible.

And they hated them for that. The only thing they hated even more was the electorate loved Joffre for doing that. Even when the Depression happened,Joffre was still as popular as ever,going around the country and aiding the unemployed. Though Blum and others continued the fight regardless,a growing number of Anti-Joffrists began more and more over the years to resent the electorate of France. Loathe them for acting in their own interests,for letting a new Napoleon rule over them and loving it. André Breton best summed up these feelings common amongst Joffre’s opponents in one of his few non-Surrealist books,The Marechal’s Lapdogs,a long series of essays published in Belgium (no French publishing house would have dared in those days to pring that, they’d be lynched by the mob in less than 3 minutes after its publication if they did that) where Breton,in the most violent and pitiful way possible,said among other things that:

Once is a tragedy.

Twice is a farce.

But thrice in a row? That’s just proof it’s a premeditated act. Subconsciously,the French people at large want a strong master to guide them around. They don’t care about freedom-they just want comfort and three meals a day. They don’t care about their neighbors-they’d abandon them or sell them out if they’re inconvenient. If they ignore them being sent to the slaughter house,even better-they can claim ignorance and pretend they’re good people!

Well,pretend all you like but I know what you are at heart. A bunch of lapdogs,trained to be obedient by your master! You don’t care about freedom or solidarity,only your stomach. You’d do anything your master tells you to and you’d love every single order. And you will never learn anything. You never learned in 1799,you never learned in 1830,you didn’t learn in 1852,1870 and 1894. You didn’t even learn anything from the Great War. You’d do it all over again just like last time.

I won’t try to convince you of anything-it’s too late for that. I do,however,have the following to say:

I wish you will be cold and nothing can be used to warm you.

I wish you will be hungry and your master won’t feed you anymore.

I wish you will grow old and die alone,abandoned by the human race.

And,most of all,I wish you will get a knock at your door and be dragged away by the Bureau. And when you ask for someone to help,I wish they’d respond to you the same way you did with my friends: turn you in and,in conversations with family and friends,say you had it coming.

And I will simply laugh at you,you silly little mutt.”
 
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Not really satisfied with this one, but time's running short as it is.

We're Here Because We're Here
Emergency Commanders of the British Expeditionary Force:
1916-1920: Field Marshal Douglas Haig
1920-1922: General Sir Hubert Gough

Chairmen of the Somme Soldier's Council (British):
1922-1928: Siegfried Sassoon
1928-1932: Harry Macmillan ("Comrades")

def 1928: Henry Rawlinson ("General Staff"), Guy Baring ("Union Jack"), Adrian Carton de Wiart ("Advance!")
1932-1936: Raymond Asquith ("Comrades")
def 1932: Rupert Inglis ("Union Jack"), Adrian Carton de Wiart ("Advance!")
1936-0000: John Tolkien ("Union Jack")
def 1936: Adrian Carton de Wiart ("Advance!"), Liam O'Flaherty ("Comrade-Workers"), Raymond Asquith ("Comrades")

Albert clutched his pipe between his teeth, and tried to breathe in deeply with some sense of satisfaction. This was, after all, the garden. Or as close to a garden one could get out here. Gerald seemed confident that one or two of the trees were alive, and that he'd get them to take leaf eventually, but for now the little copse was merely a skeletal outline. Still, it was the best thing to look at for a mile in each direction--beyond them was the mud of Flanders. Grey and brown and brownish-grey, it stretched out so flat and undisturbed, even pockmarked with shell craters and bunkers and silhouettes of barbed-wire as it was, that in the pale pre-dawn fog you could almost believe it went on forever.

That was because it did.

Twenty years. By John's own count, reckoning from what they'd found in Haig's office (although it wasn't as if those records were half-reliable--how long did it really take him to notice?), that was how long it was--twenty years since this very day that this battlefield, and everyone on it, had fallen out of the world. No London, no Paris, not even an Abbeville. Just an endless waste, in both senses of the word, where the war played itself out without any outside disturbances. As far as could be discerned from whatever documents Gough hadn't burned (for heat, not for secrecy), Haig had been thinking of the whole thing as a temporary blip he could ignore, hoping not to have to tell anyone and face a mutiny. He thought, maybe, it'd all be over by Christmas.

Twenty years!

The wind whistled through the assemblage of blankets and bits of coat Albert had wrapped around himself. There were still supplies, on occasion, that appeared in the old train stations and depots out of some aether at the edge of the fog, but they weren't exactly generous, and they were nearly out of new clothes. At least the food kept up at something like a reasonable rate--they still got the same rate of bully beef, plum-and-apple, and hard tack that they got the first day they landed in Flanders. Very little else, though. Tolkein's big plank had been the food and plant situation, and they'd found a few old sacks of grain in a basement somewhere--Alan could just make out Gerald and a few Union-Jackers by the tree, carefully prodding at their overturned patch of ground. He didn't see the point, really. It wasn't as if they could mill it, or bake it, once it was grown.

Unconsciously, Albert cradled his pipe with his hands against a gust of wind, before remembering it wasn't lit. That was another thing they'd long since run out of--tobacco.

That was what had done Gough in, in the end. It took until Hague dying, blown up at some ammunition dump he was visiting, for the general staff to finally admit the obvious about what no letters from home, no leave, and no new faces actually meant, but Gough could have saved the situation. He was already trying to get the Prince of Bavaria around the table for a ceasefire--if he'd held out a month, he'd be the man who ended the war. It was just that he was sitting on thousands of Tommies for whom nicotine withdrawal was the cherry on top of cold, hunger, damp, and loneliness, and as soon as someone leaked that Gough was speaking to the Germans but didn't leak why, he went up in a blaze of his own.

An old poster flapped in the breeze--something knocked together with a few stencils and an old newspaper. It had to be old, even if the face of Sassoon wasn't quite visible, because no-one had the paper anymore to waste.

The councils were supposed to be better. Albert did feel they had been, mostly. Sassoon was a decent chap, had hammered out a ceasefire first thing, could write a droll line, and he certainly wished the man well in retirement--he had some hut right down at the other end of the line with the French, looking out at the fog where Calais should be. That Macmillan chap had managed to clear up what was left of the stupid excuse for a war that was still going on, and it was a shame that a few of the remnants of the German high command had managed to put that barrage together. Whose idea it was to put Asquith in charge of the peace, Alan wasn't really sure--maybe the idea was that being Prime Minister was genetic? It wasn't as if anyone wanted to step up who actually wanted to end things off properly.

The problem was, "Little Squiffy" was never really the right man for his faction, the soldiers who wanted to down rifles and escape any legacy of the men who sent them to war. Albert remembered Macmillan coming through his trench, and he'd stopped at every billet, shaking Gerald's shit-stained hand and listening about the ever-growing rats' abuses and the ever-growing toll of typhus and gangrene that was a far worse enemy than any German had ever been. The man made Albert look like a beggar--he was practically an aristocrat--but he was willing to stoop a bit if he had to. Asquith never stooped for anyone. You could respect him, but not like him, and that's what did for him, more than anything he actually did.

Just at the edge of the trench, some woman was picking through with a donkey, carrying things for sale--German sausage rations and French tins of soup and what looked like her own daughter, a girl young enough to have never known anything but the fog and the mud.

Albert wanted to wave them down, but thought better of it when he saw the little Dutch flag they were waving. A few lads still viewed that as "fraternising with the enemy" somehow. Letting civilians transfer to other sectors based on their language wasn't that unpopular in theory, given that the French traded half of the wine ration they somehow still got for it, but people had hated it in practice. There were only a few women in the British section after that trade--what set Asquith tumbling, though, wasn't that, but the rumours of what he had planned for the remainder. Tommies who'd sat by as the same girl was traded around a regiment like cigarettes once were were up in arms over rumours of seralgios, because it was something someone else was getting.

One of the men picking at the field had slipped and cut his mate on his hoe. Albert idly hoped it didn't get infected; they were starting to run out of wound-cleaning supplies, and the Germans were being a lot stingier with their sulfa drugs.

He knew he shouldn't feel so bitter about the whole replanting project, really. Tolkein meant well, he really did. And he'd like to see trees again, certainly, the human eye wasn't meant for just mud and barbed wire. It was just...twenty years. Before he'd left, he'd looked down at his son in his swaddling clothes, and told him he'd be back before he knew it. That son would have grown into a man by now, never knowing his father as anything more than an old photo on the mantlepiece. And a tree couldn't make that better. Nothing could.

It was all so bloody futile. The men out by the ragged stump of the tree knew that they'd never grow anything in the poisoned mud of no-man's-land, just like the men around Asquith knew there was no way to bring back camaderie without the threat of death, and those Communists knew no ideal society could flourish in these stinking ditches. Something in Albert sympathised with de Wiart--at least that lunatic knew that he could get that death if he wanted it. It just seemed a bit selfish to demand everyone come with him. There'd been a few times that Albert had looked out over the minefields, and wondered, but something had always held him back--maybe the fear that he was already dead, and dammed to hell, and that he'd wake up right here for another gray day of stomping along the edge of a trench against the wind and trying to find something to do with his life in the land of empty mud and death. Other than ask why.

Why? What fate had thrown them here, into this void? Was it the punishment of the divine for war? Some untested weapon Hague found? A cosmic accident, time becoming unstuck, of no more meaning than the weather?

There was some smoke coming from the dugout. Albert shoved his pipe back into what passed for his pocket, tried to banish those thoughts, and headed back down--with any luck, Eddie was there, and ready to play a game of cards that was the only new thing for the past twelve years.

Why was he here? Why were any of them here?
 
My bad sorry, in respect to other entrants I’ll withdraw and work on a related list for 1st.

I‘ve put my previous entry here.
 
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Rhymes In Perpetuity

Top 10 instigators of the First Industrial Total ("Great") War

10: Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand (Austria-Hungary) and Gavrilo Princip (Black Hand)
"The Archduke and the Assassin" - Austria to Serbia, Serbia to Russia, Russia to Germany, Germany to war.
09: Sir Edward Grey (United Kingdom) and Alfred von Kiderlen-Waechter (German Kaiserreich)
"The Unblinking Brinkmen" - An intolerable humiliation, an exchange of sour words, a war over Agadir.
08: Emperor Napoleon IV (Fourth French Empire)
"The Pale Imitation" - Emperor of nothing, conqueror of nought, ruler of the ashes.
07: Kabara kuma Magajiya Daurama XII (Hausaland) and Seh-Dong-Hong-Beh (Kingdom of Dahomey)
"The Mother and the Amazon" - Daura decimated, the Kusugu well defiled, a fractious empire unites for vengeance.
06: Kaiser und König Ferdinand II & VI (Hapsburg Empire) and Számol Mihály Károlyi (State of Hungary)
"The Emperor and the Count" - The Slavs placated, the Germans weary, the Hungarians maligned.
05: Taizi Zhao Wei (Song Dynasty) and Lluid Llefan (Kingdom of Cambria)
"The Traveller and the Tributary" - In a backwater at the edge of the world, a crown prince seeking independence meets a gunman with something to prove.
04: Tekanasonhá:'k (Haudenosaunee Confederacy)
"The Great Warmaker" - A Great Law of Peace broken, a Confederacy in decline, a man of action overthrows clan mothers of caution.
03: Padishah ve Amir al-Mu'minin Osmun VI (Ottoman Empire)
"The Last Son of Osmun" - Konstantiniyye ascendant, Wien ablaze, a star and crescent over Europe.
02: Zhou Song (Han Republic), Lai Mei Ling (League of Yue) and Toh Chee (Min Kingdom)
"The Romance of the Three Empires" - Han subjugates Xibei, Yue and Min partition Hakka, and a diverse continent hurdles toward war.
01: The Unknown Individual (Anywhere and Everywhere)
"The Forgotten" - Just as the fire which shines brightest sparks from lowly tinder, the Ungreatest of Men often stand the tallest.

Source: The Time and Space Authority Timey-Wimey Awards, 101st Cycle

--------

"History may not repeat itself, but it often rhymes."
-Unknown, attributed to Mark Twain

Nothing ever goes quite like you'd think. At least, that's what I was told on my first day at the Time and Space Authority. They repeat it to you, over and over, at the group orientation. Now, of course, in my orientation - as I know now happens in every single group orientation without fail - there was some wiseass who asked "what about PIEs?" with a smug look on his face. The instructor in my session had been with the TSA for nearly 20 cycles, so he simply replied "the café serves them on alternating Thirdsdays", while wearing a smug look of his own. Perpetual Instance Events - that's what PIE stands for, by the way - are far more important and way more interesting than some wise ass from orientation would have you believe, though.

When they were discovered they raised a lot of philosophical questions about free will and determinism. After all, if certain events are destined to happen across any manner of alternate realities, then are those realities really so alternate at all? There was a flurry of papers and debate and it was quite an exciting time, until some asshole figured out using maths that the events were not destined in a divine creation kind of way, rather that the probability of them occurring exponentially increased over time until reaching one. Bit of a party pooper, that one.

We're of course still lucky that PIEs exist, we're also lucky that they're not pre-destined but mathematical in origin and we're even more lucky that they're open to human tampering. For one, we'd be out of a job otherwise. What's the point of a time and space regulator if time and space can bloody well regulate themselves? Josephine from accounting keeps saying that a free market approach would be better, but, well, she is an accountant.

A lot of the newbies sometimes misunderstand what the term means, anyway. They see "Perpetual", "Instance" and "Event" and assume they are instances of events that occur with perpetuity in all timelines. In their defence, that would be a reasonable assumption, if you knew nothing more about the reality of time and space. How could an event be identical and perpetual across wholly different timelines? We of course usually focus on the human timelines - not much interesting goes on in the continuous primordial soup one - but PIEs don't care about that. Dinosaur world? PIE. Dolphin world? PIE. Ant world? PIE. Mushroom world (personal favourite)? PIE. The presentation changes, but the core of the instance event remains.

The First Industrial Total War PIE (I know some... interesting people who call it the "Great" War PIE) is a good example of that. It happens in every timeline. Well, except the primordial soup one. But that's sui generis, we ignore it for everything other than casual Fryday. But, yes, it's a good example. Dinosaur world? The Tyrannosaurus Reichs fights the Sauriet Union. Dolphin world? Sonar weapons, check. Ant world? Well, they and the spiders have a literal web of alliances. Mushroom world? Surprisingly, no- just kidding, say hello to Musholini. Sadly, these don't get as much attention. The TSA has a definite anthropomorphic bias toward humans, so the human timelines get all the airtime.

Oh God, do you remember the Timey-Wimey Awards a couple years back? What a joke. Like they just chose ten near-typical human timelines for the top ten list. What are even the differences between them? Oh, wow, this river-based human civilisation is dominant instead of the other river-based human civilisation! Seriously. I can't believe they had that inbred mountain German in it twice, too. Oh, and that cop-out for the number one spot? That the biggest instigator of the most important PIE was just a bunch of nobodies. I can understand why people were mad about it at the time. Like I said, the TSA has such a big human bias. I want my mushroom world back.

...Sorry, what was your question? Oh. Yes, I'm quite good at managing multiple projects with conflicting deadlines.
 
The Man Who Lost the War (and the Union)

List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

1905 - 1908: Henry Campbell-Bannerman (Liberal)
1906: Arthur Balfour (Conservative and Unionist), John Redmond (IPP), Keir Hardie (Labour).
1908 - 1910: H.H. Asquith (Liberal)
1910 - 1914: Arthur Balfour (Conservative and Unionist minority, Conservative and Unionist)
[1]
1910 (Jan): H.H. Asquith (Liberal), John Redmond (IPP), Arthur Henderson (Labour).
1910 (Dec): H.H. Asquith (Liberal), John Redmond (IPP), Arthur Henderson (Labour).
1912 Referendum on Tariffs: No: 61%, Yes: 39%.

1914 - 1916: Arthur Balfour (National Government) [2]
1916 - 1918: Sir Edward Carson (National Government) [3]
1918 -: Thomas McKinnon Wood (Liberal minority with Labour, Co-operative, and NFDDSS support) [4]
1918: Sir Edward Carson (Conservative and Unionist), William Adamson (Labour), Eamonn de Valera (Sinn Fein), David Lloyd George (National Liberal), Frederick Lister (National Federation for Discharged and Demobilised Soldiers and Sailors), Henry Page Croft (National), William Hirst (Co-operative), John Maclean (British Socialist), John Dillon (IPP).

[1] The result of the January 1910 general election was one of the greatest upsets in modern political history, with the Unionists overturning the Liberals’ historic landslide of 1906 and forming the largest party in a hung parliament. The incoming Prime Minister Arthur Balfour called a Constitutional Convention to decide the future powers of the Lords, but this broke up without agreement. Running on a platform of ‘strong and stable’ government, the Unionists won a slim majority in a second general election in December. A new Parliament Bill was passed, retaining the Lords’ veto over financial and constitutional issues, but reforming the composition of the Upper House, with 25% elected through proportional representation. As promised, the Government launched a referendum on the introduction of tariffs, but faced an embarassing defeat with most of the electorate strongly opposed to dearer food. In Ireland, the Government continued constructive legislation to support land purchase and the devolution of powers to local government. The Entente Cordiale was strengthened, and when a crisis flared up in the Balkans, there was no question that Balfour and Foreign Secretary Austen Chamberlain would give France their full support.

[2] As the United Kingdom entered the war, Balfour formed a National Government with Liberal and Labour representation, splitting the opposition parties. H.H. Asquith led the pro-war Liberal faction, while John Burns led the anti-war minority. As the war progressed and the Entente and Central Powers became entrenched in a stalemate in France and Belgium, the Prime Minister’s leadership was questioned. Balfour was seen as too ‘laid-back’ and philosophical to lead the country in wartime, while personal smears about his lack of ‘manliness’ damaged his reputation. The Shells Crisis of 1915-16 provided the catalyst for a coup d'etat within the ruling coalition, with a group of politicians from both sides: Sir Edward Carson, F.E. Smith, David Lloyd George, and Winston Churchill calling for a more aggressive pursuit of the War.

[3] A majority of Unionist and Liberal Cabinet ministers agreed upon charismatic Secretary of State for War Sir Edward Carson as the Prime Minister to prosecute the War. This was congenial for Asquith, who felt a longstanding camaraderie with Carson from their days at the Bar. A magnetic speaker, Carson had gained a significant popular following in the early years of the war through his recruiting speeches (his face adorned posters with the motto 'Your Country Needs You!’). Popular support for Carson deteriorated, however, as the stalemate on the trenches continued with prospect of intervention from the United States and economic and social pressures at home grew. The Prime Minister’s disastrous attempt to introduce conscription in Ireland (he had referred to their early exclusion as a ’national disgrace’) led to an outright rebellion across nationalist Ireland and drained resources away from the Western Front. In spring 1918, Germany broke through British and French lines and an Armistice was signed following the occupation of Paris.

[4] The 1918 general election represented a dramatic break from past elections, with an outpouring of national anger and grief at the country’s losses, and the proliferation of smaller parties and independent candidates who sought to channel the prevailing mood of discontent. Candidates standing for the coalition government suffered, while the opposition Liberal Party under the leadership of progressive Thomas McKinnon Wood and Labour made significant gains. The National Federation of Discharged and Demobilised Soldiers and Sailors elected a dozen MPs angry at the treatment of veterans and campaigning for improved pensions, while the xenophobic and protectionist National Party under Henry Page Croft, embittered ever since their loss in the 1912 tariff referendum, permanently split away from the Unionist Party. The Co-operative ran and elected candidates for the first time, and multiple British Socialists were elected with the support of local Labour parties. In Ireland, Sinn Fein wiped out the Irish Parliamentary Party in nationalist constituencies and chose to abstain from sitting in the House of Commons. McKinnon Wood has formed an unstable government, but with concerns about a punitive peace treaty, the prospect of France defaulting on its loans, violent opposition in Ireland and across the Empire, strikes, and the rise of ‘Bolshevism’, it is not clear that any government can provide the stability that the United Kingdom needs.
 
Breaking Wind In The Palaces Of The Mighty

1916-1920: Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (Independent - Coalition Coupon)
1919 (Coalition Coupon - Coalition Conservatives, Coalition Liberals, NDLP) def. Ramsay MacDonald (United Socialist Council - Labour, ILP, BSP), Eamon de Valera (Sinn Fein), Henry Page Croft (National), H.H. Asquith (Independent Liberal), James Hogge (Silver Badge), Horatio Bottomley (John Bull)
1920-1923: Bonar Law (Coalition Conservative - Coalition Majority, with tentative National and Comrades of the Great War support)
1923-1925: George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon (National Conservative-British Workers League-Comrades of the Great War coalition)
1925-1925: Austen Chamberlain (Independent Conservative-Labour-Liberal-Comrades of the Great War Technical Government)
1925-1931: Ramsay MacDonald (Labour - United Socialist Council)
1925 (United Socialist Council - Labour, ILP, BSP) def. Winston Churchill (Constitutional Coupon - National Conservatives, National Liberals, BWL, John Bull), Herbert Samuel (Liberal), Austen Chamberlain (Independent Conservatives, Comrades of the Great War)
1928 (United Socialist Council - Labour, ILP, BSP) def. Herbert Samuel (Liberal), Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley (Comrades of the Great War), Victor Fisher (British Workers League)

1931-1939: A.V. Alexander (Labour)
1933 (United Socialist Council - Labour, ILP, BSP; coalition w. Liberals) def. William Wedgewood Benn (Liberal), Anthony Eden (Comrades)
1937 (Coalition w. Liberals) def. Anthony Eden (Comrades), William Wedgewood Benn (Liberal), Tom Mann (British Socialist), Fenner Brockway (Independent Labour)

1939-1942: Jack Lawson (Labour-Liberal coalition)
1942-0000: Oswald Mosley (Comrades)
1942 (Majority) def. Jack Lawson (Labour), William Wedgewood Benn (Liberal), Tom Wintringham (United Socialist)

The Second Glorious Revolution of 1925 is essentially acknowledged by all the political parties - the final overthrow of the decaying Edwardian patrician-capitalist state and its displacement by the 'Worker's Realm', the alliance of the Socialist Political Parties, the Liberal reformists and the trade union movement. And importantly, but easily forgotten, the Silver Badge paramilitaries of varying political alignment that nevertheless coalesced against the reactionary Black-and-Tans and the demoralised regular Armed Forces to support the General Strike, the ensuing Socialist Council victory, and then face down Churchill's attempted golpe.

The part of the Silver Badge was regularly forgotten, as much of that movement stood down and was thence integrated into a reformed and appropriately revolutionary military. But their continued importance was apparent at the 1928 election, the first since the Revolution, when just as the Socialist Council won an even larger majority and demonstrated their dominance of the political system, the Comrades of the Great War managed to eke out a position as the third party over the remnant crypto-Churchillian BWL.

The CGW found itself appropriately named as the United Kingdom forged itself into the first socialist state in Europe aside from the ill-fated Bolshevik experiments in Russia and Finland. Young King Ted was an enthusiastic partner of Ramsay Mac and then Alexander, even as the dominions chose to follow various other Windsors into alignment with the other anti-socialist Great Powers. The conservative streak that ran through Britain found its voice in Anthony Eden, particularly as the Socialist Council fell back in 1933 and the Liberals proved themselves nothing more than a catspaw for Alexander and his continued isolation of the Empire.

But over a decade in power and alliance with the bourgeois Liberals soon rankled the more fervently revolutionary members of the Socialist Council. And now King Ted looked about himself - the Labour-Liberal government was running out of track, unable to build bridges with the old dominions, with the Latin League, with Mitteleuropa. The far-left parties were increasingly of a republican outlook. What the King needed, what the country needed was a patriotic government that would be able to reopen diplomatic channels to the Dominions. A proletarian government that would look after his people. A militant, disciplined government that would quell the upstart 'parallel administrations' of the unions and cooperatives that had been allowed to boil up under MacDonald and Alexander...
 
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Now that the armistice has been signed, it appears that @Lilitou and her list Rhymes in Perpetuity have emerged victorious! Now at the Treaty of List-ailles they'll be able to carve out Europe towards their design. Our comiserations to the losers, who have choked to death on mustard gas.

Next challenge will be up tomorrow.
 
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