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What if Bulgaria joined Mussolini's 1940 attack on Greece?

raharris1973

Well-known member
What if Bulgaria joined Mussolini's 1940 attack on Greece, either as part of a premeditated simultaneous assault, or as an inspired, newly recruited ally within 4 weeks of the Italians starting the attack.

How does that change the Italo-Greek war and subsequent events in the Balkans?
 
Roughly a third of the Greek army, 5 divisions from memory, was deployed in East Macedonia behind the Metaxas line for that very contingency. Yugoslavia and Turkey are presumidly still neutrals friendly to Greece and do not enter the war on the Greek side despite their alliances with it. So from memory the Bulgarian àrmy is 11 infantry and 2 cavalry divisions in 4 armies it had mobilized something like 280,000 men in October-November for a possible invasion.

So assuming the Bulgarians need to keep at least 4 to 6 divisions watching the Turks and Yugoslavs this leaves at best 7 to 9 divisions for the invasion of Greece going straight into the teeth of the Metaxas Line fortresses while the Bulgarian army lacks much in the way if heavy artillery that can get the forts. At a fair guess it does not go very well for the Bulgarians.

The initial stages of the Greek-Italian War with the repulsion of the invasion and the November counterattack are little affected they happened without the forces in the Bulgarian theater. Come late November the Greeks have stopped the invasions and have even gained ground against Italy. On the down side Italian reinforcements are pouring into Albania and they also have an active front in Macedonia so can't quite shift forces and artillery from there to Albania.

There's one further complication to ask about -

Greece was formally tied to Turkey, Yugoslavia, and Romania in a mainly anti-Bulgaria oriented 'Balkan Pact' at this time. Now Romania was by now heavily encumbered by the loss of Bessarabia and the first Vienna Award. But if the Greco-Italian War had expanded early on beyond a one-on-one duel, with Bulgaria participating, would this have attracted either Turkish or Yugoslav intervention against Bulgaria in response?
 
Sorry the Greeks can supply the Metaxas line better then the Albanian front is what I meant.

In that while it's an improvement it's still a heavy pressure considering that by 1940 on one front IOTL they were pretty much finished supply wise.
 
Sorry the Greeks can supply the Metaxas line better then the Albanian front is what I meant.

In that while it's an improvement it's still a heavy pressure considering that by 1940 on one front IOTL they were pretty much finished supply wise.
No I get it. It means you wrote straightforwardly. The Greeks have an easier supply situation on the Bulgarian front, like you literally said. But the downside is… that consumes supples… that probably are not available in country.
 
It's just hard to imagine a situation where the British as the only available source of what they need can get enough in country being as they couldn't IRL. The Greek Army was a spent force in 1941 they may very well crack here. And it's always hard to see neutrals jump into a lost cause. That said if there's no British force on the mainland maybe troops and kit lost in the fall of Athens could change things up on Crete since that was such a marginal win for the Axis.
 
It's just hard to imagine a situation where the British as the only available source of what they need can get enough in country being as they couldn't IRL. The Greek Army was a spent force in 1941 they may very well crack here. And it's always hard to see neutrals jump into a lost cause. That said if there's no British force on the mainland maybe troops and kit lost in the fall of Athens could change things up on Crete since that was such a marginal win for the Axis.
But wasn't the attack on Crete itself mostly a reaction to the British surprising the Germans by committing forces to the Balkans?
 
But wasn't the attack on Crete itself mostly a reaction to the British surprising the Germans by committing forces to the Balkans?
I mean the fact that the remnants of the Greek campaign were there was a contributing factor but it's hard to see a scenario where the Italians can steal a March and take it before the British or the idea that anyone would have let it just sit there after Athens falls.
 
Interesting thought.

If the Greeks are unable to keep concentrated against the Italians, it is possible the first offensives will have the same outcome - disaster - but later offensives will take and hold ground because the Greeks cannot keep their forces supplied. The Italians will press on slowly, if that is the case, but without suffering (possibly) decisive defeats the Germans might not get involved until later (if at all). In that case, there are two other possible forks:

One - the British might not get involved, as the Greeks seem to be holding off both powers on their own, and content themselves with sending supplies. This might lead to the British winning in Libya well ahead of OTL, leading to dozens of other possible outcomes.

Two - the Germans might not get involved, as the Italians seem to be winning without their help. That means the attack on Russia may be weaker than OTL (as German units won't be worn down and Italian units will be needed elsewhere), but get started earlier. (This has been hotly debated). OR ... an early UK victory in Libya might draw Vichy France back into the war, forcing the Germans to delay Barbarossa until later.

Thoughts?

Chris
 
@ChrisNuttall

The first couple thoughts are worthy of rumination, but the last
OR ... an early UK victory in Libya might draw Vichy France back into the war, forcing the Germans to delay Barbarossa until later.
...isn't going to happen. It's rather far fetched. The Vichy Zone of the mainland & Corsica certainly isn't taking this chance. At best a few more colonial commanders (like in West Africa/Dakar, and if supremely lucky, in Tunis or Algiers) may defect from Vichy to Algiers. Now the effective result of that is the Germans would probably extinguish the Vichy Zone's military autonomy in retaliation/response.
 
@ChrisNuttall

The first couple thoughts are worthy of rumination, but the last

...isn't going to happen. It's rather far fetched. The Vichy Zone of the mainland & Corsica certainly isn't taking this chance. At best a few more colonial commanders (like in West Africa/Dakar, and if supremely lucky, in Tunis or Algiers) may defect from Vichy to Algiers. Now the effective result of that is the Germans would probably extinguish the Vichy Zone's military autonomy in retaliation/response.

If we assume the UK takes Libya, perhaps driving the Italians (and any Germans who do make it to Africa in this timeline) into Algeria, the French will come under immense pressure from the Germans to actually join the war against the UK or else ('or else', in this case, being the effective termination of Vichy France, at least on the mainland.) I don't think Hitler would accept any pretense at Vichy maintaining its neutrality if the British were in a positon to bring pressure of their own to bear. The best case, in this timeline, would be Algeria defecting, as you suggest, unless Hitler genuinely does honour French nutrality.

This is Hitler, so probably not unless he had a VERY pressing reason to let it go.
 
If we assume the UK takes Libya, perhaps driving the Italians (and any Germans who do make it to Africa in this timeline) into Algeria, the French will come under immense pressure from the Germans to actually join the war against the UK or else ('or else', in this case, being the effective termination of Vichy France, at least on the mainland.) I don't think Hitler would accept any pretense at Vichy maintaining its neutrality if the British were in a positon to bring pressure of their own to bear. The best case, in this timeline, would be Algeria defecting, as you suggest, unless Hitler genuinely does honour French nutrality.

This is Hitler, so probably not unless he had a VERY pressing reason to let it go.

Yeah but I thought you were talking something big like Vichy across the board, in Europe, in the colonies, being inspired by a UK win in Libya to turn against Germany once more, greatly complicating Germany's position and forcing postponement of Barbarossa beyond 1941. THAT's not gonna happen. The Germans will move as fast as the French think and talk about it.

And mere flips of colonies, even Algeria, from Vichy to Gaullist loyalties, won't suffice to knock off the Barbarossa timetable.
 
Yeah but I thought you were talking something big like Vichy across the board, in Europe, in the colonies, being inspired by a UK win in Libya to turn against Germany once more, greatly complicating Germany's position and forcing postponement of Barbarossa beyond 1941. THAT's not gonna happen. The Germans will move as fast as the French think and talk about it.

And mere flips of colonies, even Algeria, from Vichy to Gaullist loyalties, won't suffice to knock off the Barbarossa timetable.

Unfortunately, probably not.

Although the idea of Vichy joining the Germans in a desperate bid to ward off a German invasion does offer some room for serious changes.
 
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