Hey, so obviously a lot of the people on this forum are from America, which is cool, but I feel like there ought to be a resource for you to understand British politics before commenting on things you know nothing about.
Let's start with the political parties. These date from the 17th century, and are essentially based on who your family supported in the Civil War (so far, so American), but it's generally turned out that the Whigs, descended from the Parliamentarian/Roundhead side, have held sway. The so-called 'Whig Ascendancy' celebrated its 300th birthday relatively recently, although there have been brief periods of Tory rule in times of great crisis. Traditionally, the Tories represent the English Catholics and the aristocracy while the Whigs represent the Church of England and the middle classes, but this all gets quite amorphous when you consider that anyone wanting a job in Government, the civil service or the media naturally registers as a Whig - you only join the Tories if you can afford to, or you can't afford not to.
Whigs: As I say, this is the broad-tent party of government. After some brief dabblings with a single head of government, the Whigs have landed on a system whereby the state is led by a 'Junto' of five leaders, roughly representing the factional weights within Parliament. The strength of having multiple factions in coalition with each other is that you get to completely change your mind on things (for instance, Keynesian welfarism in the post-Emergency period transitioning to neowhiggism in the 1980s) and still claim that it's all part of a single broad tradition.
Johnsonite Whigs: An amorphous collection of personalist followers of Boris 'the Mechanical Turk' Johnson. It is very difficult to pin them down on any ideological content bar a slight shade of nationalism and a tendency to conservative economics - although they are in the process of renationalising the railways.
Cameronite Whigs: David Cameron attracted much of the former 'Blairite' group of vaguely progressive-sounding authoritarians with a tendency to sell themselves as managerially competent, despite doing their best to avoid actually managing anything. These people gave independence to the Bank of England and the Royal Mail, which are now much less profitable than they were. Presumably due to not being managed by the Blairite/Cameronite Men In Suits. These have been on a downswing for the last 5-10 years.
Radical Whigs: The most long-lived Whig faction and the most ideologically coherent, these are secularist liberals with a social conscience, but not enough of one to tear up any of the complicated electoral agreements they have with the less forward-thinking Whig factions. They don't rally round a single leader, which is probably wise since Jess Phillips is the best they can come up with. Their latest pamphlet explains that the term 'rotten borough' is ableist somehow.
Mayite Whigs: Known jocularly as 'the Church of England at prayer', they're more complicated than American Christian politicians due to the national nature of the Church. They're coming round to the progressive view on the sterilisation of freemartins because it pisses off the feminists, and when Justin Welby condemns usury he does it from a radical-left perspective.
Trotskyite Whigs: A splinter of the Communist Party which pursues an 'open entryist' strategy, they are in fact some of the heartiest supporters of whoever's in charge at the moment.
Tories: Back in the old days they were monarchical ultra-conservatives, but their alignment to Catholic interests has given them strength in radical cities like Liverpool and Glasgow, and frequently the 'noblesse oblige' instincts (and pure-and-simple vote-hunger) of the party clubbables leads them to be more generous than the Whigs, who don't fee obliged to anyone for their divinely ordained centuries of success.
Rees-Moggite Tories: The old school Tories of yesteryear, despite the fact that their leader is from a family that doesn't date to before Cardinal Newman, either in its Catholicism or its money. The last time this lot were in power was the 1940s, but everyone prefers not to bring this up. They're slipping in the English shires, but have a stranglehold over Ireland.
Corbynite Tories: The growth industry in Toryism for the last half-decade or so. This axis, appealing to Irish Catholic and English non-conformist alike, brings together everyone who aligns with the Tories because they just like to pretend to be above the corruption of the Whig Elite. Lots of support in the radical youth, but it seems to disappear at every election when everyone realises that they might accidentally put Rees-Mogg in power.
Cruddasite Tories: Another lefty sector - this time fixating on the Catholic working classes. The spiritual successor to the old Chestertonites.
Jacobite Tories: Officially proscribed due to their treasonous manifestos, but the Jacobites' proxies are increasingly successful in Scottish constituencies. Ideologically diffuse, except for an assumption that an independent Scotland under an absolute monarchy would somehow be good.
Communists: Much like an American party in that they are membership-based rather than directed from an ever-shifting parliamentary cadre - but unlike an American party in that they are at least notionally left-wing. In reality, though, they've only remained a parliamentary third party for this long thanks to the fact that all of their supporters are entirely obsessed with doorknocking and leaflets about potholes, to the exclusion of anything that could actually be described as 'policy'.