Thought I'd finally put my account on this forum to use.
Hello, everyone! I'm aaa, and you may recognize me from another forum where I have the same exact username.
I'll be periodically posting content I've posted on my other test thread, along with new content (which I'll also be posting there). Part of the reason I decided to start posting here is to (hopefully) have fresh eyes look over my content, so questions and comments are always welcome!
Thought I'd start out with a one-shot list I did about three months back.
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Virginia
1925–1960: Harry Flood Byrd (Tory) 1925 def. Matthew Mansfield Neely (Independent)
1929 def. Francis Pickens Miller (Reform)
1933 def. Francis Pickens Miller (Reform)
1937 def. Francis Pickens Miller (Reform)
1941 def. Armistead Boothe (Reform)
1945 def. Armistead Boothe (Reform)
1949 def. Armistead Boothe (Reform)
1953 def. Virginia Foster Durr (Reform)
1957 def. Virginia Foster Durr (Reform)
1959 def. Howard Carwile (Reform) 1960–1970: Howard Worth Smith (Tory) 1960 def. Howard Carwile (Reform)
1964 def. Henry Howell (Reform)
1968 def. Henry Howell (Reform) 1970–1986: Elmo Zumwalt (Reform) 1970 def. Howard Worth Smith (Tory)
1974 def. Mills Godwin (New Tory), George Lincoln Rockwell (True Tory)
1978 def. William Lloyd Scott (New Tory), George Lincoln Rockwell (True Tory)
1982 def. John Warner (Liberal Democratic), Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (New Tory) 1986–1996: John Warner (Liberal Democratic) 1986 def. Julian Carroll (Reform), Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (New Tory)
1990 def. Julian Carroll (Reform), Harry Flood Byrd Jr. (New Tory)
1994 def. Antonio James Manchin (Reform), Marion Gordon Robertson (New Tory), Gatewood Galbraith (Socialist) 1996–2000: Marshall Coleman (Liberal Democratic) 1997 def. Donald Beyer (Reform), Marion Gordon Robertson (New Tory), Gatewood Galbraith (Socialist) 2000–2011: Donald Beyer (Reform) 2000 def. Marshall Coleman (Liberal Democratic), Jerry Falwell (New Tory), Gatewood Galbraith (Socialist)
2004 def. Anne Holton Kaine (Liberal Democratic), Jerry Falwell (New Tory), Gatewood Galbraith (Socialist)
2008 def. Timothy Kaine (Liberal Democratic), Kenneth Cuccinelli (New Tory), Gatewood Galbraith (Socialist) 2011–2012: Joseph Manchin III (Reform)
2012–2016: Kenneth Cuccinelli (New Tory) 2012 def. Joseph Manchin III (Reform), Timothy Kaine (Liberal Democratic) 2016–0000: Robert Cortez Scott (Reform) 2016 def. Kenneth Cuccinelli (New Tory), Frank Wagner (Liberal Democratic)
2020 def. Frank Wagner (Liberal Democratic), Amanda Chase (New Tory)
Here's something I put together last month. I did that collaborative list where I asked other users to fill up the list of historical rankings of Commonwealth Prime Ministers. That original ranked list is in the spoiler below.
List of Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth of America, 1939-present
1939–1945: Charles Evans Hughes† (National Government) with: Millard Tydings (Labor), Norman Thomas (Workers'), Richard Russell (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1945–1950: Leverett Saltonstall (National Government, thenCommonwealth majority) 1945 def. Millard Tydings (Labor), Henry Wallace (Workers'), Richard Russell (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1950–1957: Millard Tydings (Labor-Workers' coalition, then Labor majority) 1950 def. Leverett Saltonstall (Commonwealth), Vito Marcantonio (Workers') 1955 def. Earl Warren (Commonwealth), Jasper McLevy (Workers'), Jamie Whitten (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1957–1958: Gaylord Nelson (Labor majority)
1958–1963: Leverett Saltonstall (Commonwealth majority) 1958 def. Thomas Dodd (Labor), Jasper McLevy (Workers'), Jamie Whitten (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1963–1968: Thomas Dodd (Labor majority) 1963 def. John Diefenbaker (Commonwealth), John Stennis (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1968–1972: Spiro Agnew† (Commonwealth majority) 1968 def. George Smathers (Labor), Eugene McCarthy (Independent Labor), John Stennis (Provincial Rights Alliance) 1972–1978: Flora MacDonald (Commonwealth majority) 1974 def. Eugene McCarthy (Social Democratic), Harry Byrd Jr. (Conservative), Carl Albert (Labor) 1978–1980: S.I. Hayakawa (Commonwealth majority)
1980–1989: Jim Wright (Social Democratic majority) 1980 def.S.I. Hayakawa (Commonwealth), Harry Byrd Jr. (Conservative) 1985 def. Henry Bellmon (Commonwealth), Jeremiah Denton (Conservative) 1989–1991: Wilbur Hobby (Social Democratic majority)
1991–1991: Jim Wright (Social Democratic majority)
1991–1999: Lee Iacocca (Commonwealth majority) 1991 def. Jerry Brown (Social Democratic), Orrin Hatch (Conservative) 1995 def. Jerry Brown (Social Democratic), Diane Ablonczy (Conservative) 1999–2001: Bernadine Healy (Commonwealth-Conservative coalition) 1999 def. Mark Roosevelt (Social Democratic), Diane Ablonczy (Conservative) 2001–2010: Mike Castle (Commonwealth majority) 2001 def. Mark Roosevelt (Social Democratic), Jon Kyl (Conservative) 2005 def.Alexa McDonough (Social Democratic), Stephen Harper (Conservative) 2010–2017: Alexa McDonough (Social Democratic majority) 2010 def. Christine Todd Whitman (Commonwealth), Stephen Harper (Conservative) 2015 def. Larry Pressler (Commonwealth), Henry McMaster (Conservative) 2017–0000: Jennifer Granholm (Social Democratic majority) 2020 def. Ben Sasse (Commonwealth), Brad Trost (Conservative)
After leading the Commonwealth through a war, Prime Minister Charles Evans Hughes was elderly, exhausted, and ill. The government had already had to cover up a health scare during his term for fear of weakening public morale. His resignation took effect in mid-1945, and Hughes was succeeded by his Foreign Secretary, Leverett Saltonstall. A patrician New Englander, he led the Commonwealth of America with a steady hand and laid the foundation for postwar social reform, but could not muster the public acclaim that the revered Hughes could. The National Government officially disbands, and Saltonstall leads a majority Commonwealth government from 1946 onwards.
The 1950 election sees the substantial Commonwealth majority cut down, with no party having a clear majority in the House of Commons. The Labor and Workers' parties sign a coalition agreement, and Governor-General Peter Gerry appoints Millard Tydings and Vito Marcantonio to form a government. The left-leaning coalition expands upon the social reforms started by Saltonstall, much to the ire of the Provincial Rights Alliance (whose limited seat count means they can do little to oppose them). Marcantonio's untimely death in 1954 leads to Jasper McLevy taking over as leader and Deputy PM, but his leadership proves uninspiring and ultimately leads to the downfall of the Workers' Party. 1955 sees Labor winning a second term and an outright majority, but Tydings later falls ill and is replaced by Gaylord Nelson. Under Nelson's premiership, allegations emerge that Labor Secretary Nathan Witt and senior Foreign Office official Alger Hiss are spies, bankrolled by the Soviet Union. Hiss and Witt are swiftly dismissed and tried, but there's no coming back for the Labor Party after this scandal. Leverett Saltonstall returns to the leadership of the Commonwealth Party in 1956 and defeats Labor in a landslide, winning a second term in office.
To rebuild the party after the twin scandals of Witt and Hiss, Labor elects Thomas Dodd, a prosecutor who racked up victories both at home and abroad in war tribunals, to lead the party. Running a campaign pledging to end corruption and root out incompetent officials, Dodd manages to win a thin majority in 1963. Though his term starts out smooth, rumblings begin to emerge of financial issues in the Prime Minister's past. The truth comes out in early 1968, just a few months before the scheduled general election. Dodd is revealed to have illegally financed both his campaign in his own seat as well as his campaign for the Labor leadership. Commonwealth leader Spiro Agnew calls for a vote of no confidence, and the motion ultimately passes thanks to the support of a faction of Labor rebels led by Eugene McCarthy.
Thanks to the divisions in the Labor base, Agnew wins 1968 in a landslide. In a confusing case, he wins with a law-and-order platform after ousting a prime minister who ran on a law-and-order platform but subsequently broke the law. Agnew is able to implement several reforms on both the federal and local levels, and wins a record level of public support. In 1972, Agnew is fatally shot by a mentally deranged conspiracy theorist while driving through Dallas with Texas Premier Frances Farenthold. The entire Commonwealth mourned the loss of a Prime Minister in the prime of his life and career, and this term tragically cut short becomes the basis of many alternate history novels and films considering the question of what Agnew could have accomplished if he had more time.
Flora MacDonald, who had just recently taken the Deputy PM post after being bumped up from Foreign Secretary, takes the reins after Agnew is shot. She swiftly mobilizes the Commonwealth Bureau of Investigation to track down and arrest the killer, and works with Home Secretary Sir Elliot Richardson to improve existing security protocols. Her social policies and government programs are considerably to the left of Agnew's, endearing her to a section of the Labor base and enabling her to hold onto Agnew's large majority against the popular Eugene McCarthy, whose Social Democratic Party is seen as the successor to Labor, which has virtually zero MPs apart from a handful of elderly loyalists in safe seats. Her experience as Foreign Secretary allows her to engage more on the world stage a great deal more than Agnew did, and she eventually resigns from the premiership to accept the post of Secretary-General of the League of Nations.
Replacing her is S.I. Hayakawa, the Deputy PM and Education Secretary, who becomes the first non-White Prime Minister of the Commonwealth. Although Hayakawa's ascension to the premiership is widely celebrated across the nation and the world, his academic background and tone doesn't endear him to the public. He is ultimately unable to transfer the popularity of MacDonald and the late Agnew over to himself, and he loses the 1980 election to Jim Wright, an ambitious Texan who wins the SDP leadership after McCarthy's retirement.
In office, Wright immediately gets to work on expanding civil rights legislation beyond the the foundations laid by the Tydings, Saltonstall, and MacDonald governments. He proves to be a steady, reliable, and effective PM, winning re-election handily and expanding his majority to near-landslide status. He steps down in 1989, and the battle to replace him is a fierce battle between maverick Environment Secretary Jerry Brown, the popular Chancellor Jim Sasser, Justice Secretary Wayne Dowdy, and backbencher Wilbur Hobby. Although Hobby is initially seen as an outsider with little chance of winning the leadership, he mounts an insurgent populist campaign focused on labor rights, housing, and income equality which energizes the SDP base. Helped greatly by the party membership at large voting for the leader rather than just party MPs (a reform instituted by McCarthy), Hobby narrowly defeats Sasser in the final round and takes the leadership. He is able to enact his sweeping agenda over the first year of his premiership, winning him acclaim from lower and middle-class Americans, but in 1991 it is revealed that Hobby, who ran strongly on declining big-money donations, received tens of thousands of pounds for his leadership campaign from corrupt union bosses. It later becomes clear as well that Hobby has repeatedly abused the office of the Prime Minister to divert millions of pounds in federal contracts for business allies. He swiftly resigns, and Wright is called out of retirement to return to the PM's post. His popularity still intact, Wright immediately demands the resignations of every member of the cabinet and accepts those of all the secretaries implicated in Hobby's scheme. His leadership in the late days of 1991 is widely lauded for his "steadying the ship" and restoring order to the federal government and the Social Democratic Party.
Wright makes it clear that he is not willing to lead the SDP into another election, and the party elects Jerry Brown, one of Hobby's most prominent critics, to the leadership. The SDP loses the race as expected, but Brown's popularity ensures that Commonwealth's gains are not as plentiful as they had hoped. The new PM is Lee Iacocca, whose long business career before entering Parliament endear him to the public as a no-nonsense outsider. He designates Health Secretary Bernadine Healy as Deputy PM and runs an effective government, focusing on boosting small businesses, cutting taxes for the middle class, and improving America's standing in international trade. He steps down in 1999, and Healy calls an election shortly thereafter. She does not command the popularity Iacocca once did, and SDP leader Mark Roosevelt cuts her majority down to a very weak plurality. Healy is forced to form a coalition with the Conservative Party, dragging the government sharply to the right as Conservative leader Diane Ablonczy and deputy leader James Talent become Deputy PM and Defense Secretary respectively. This outrages centrists in the Commonwealth Party, and a growing faction plot to challenge Healy in a snap leadership election. The faction coalesces around Mike Castle, who declares that under no circumstances will he form a government with the Conservatives. Castle is successful, and calls a snap general election. Against the polling, he wins a narrow majority.
Castle's tenure as PM moves the Commonwealth Party decidedly back to the political center, and he is able to work with SDP moderates, including some former Wright ministers, on gun control and medical research policy. The right-wing of Commonwealth increasingly distrusts Castle, and they plot a snap leadership election of their own to oust him in favor of Darrell Issa. Castle, however, announces that he will be retiring, and endorses Deputy PM Christine Todd Whitman to succeed him. Whitman defeats Issa in the leadership race, but loses the general election to the SDP, now led by Brown ally Alexa McDonough. McDonough wins two terms over weak Commonwealth and Conservative opposition, maintaining a steady majority throughout. She leads the party through another general election before stepping down in 2017. Interim leader and Justice Secretary Jennifer Granholm easily wins the leadership election to succeed her, but the insurgent campaign of firebrand backbencher Carlos Ramirez-Rosa prompts whispers of a breakaway left-wing party potentially emerging in the coming months. Such plans, if ever made, fail to materialize, but as the 2022 elections come about, the threat of a left-wing rebellion is still at the forefront of Granholm's mind.
Historical rankings of Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth of America, 1940-present:
1. Spiro Agnew
2. Jim Wright
3. Flora MacDonald
4. Lee Iacocca
5. S.I. Hayakawa
6. Mike Castle
7. Alexa McDonough
8. Jennifer Granholm
9. Bernadine Healy
10. Leverett Saltonstall
11. Wilbur Hobby
12. Millard Tydings
13. Thomas J. Dodd
14. Gaylord Nelson
Here's a slightly retouched version of one of the first ever wikiboxes I made.
The 1968 presidential election of the newly-formed United Republic of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was held on 19 December, 1968. It was the first presidential election in the United Republic following the abolition of the monarchy and the exile of the House of Windsor. Incumbent PresidentHarold Wilson defeated former Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, formerly the Earl Mountbatten of Burma, the uncle-in-law of the exiled Queen Elizabeth II.
The United Republic was declared following the revelation in August 1968 of the Royal Family's involvement in the coup plots against Wilson planned for October of that year. The plot, led by Mountbatten and publishing magnate Cecil King, arose out of dissatisfaction among the right-wing elite with the left-wing Wilson government, and sought to install a military-backed government with Mountbatten, a former Chief of the Defence Staff, at the helm. Conspirators included multiple wealthy businessmen, MI5 agents, and ex-military officials, threatened by the growth of trade unionism and the influence unions had on the Labour Party. They orchestrated a media campaign, spreading false allegations that Wilson and his private secretary and political confidante, Marcia Williams, were Communist agents. Upon the exposition of the plots, the conspirators were detained and interrogated. One of them, Chief Scientific AdviserSir Solly Zuckerman, revealed that the Queen and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh were closely involved in the planning and financing of the coup plans. Upon the revelation that the Queen actively sought to overthrow a democratically elected government, public support for the monarchy crashed. Wilson declared a republic with himself as interim President, and most of the Royal Family fled to Ottawa.
The 1968 election saw President Wilson, with public sympathy heavily on his side, win a full term of ten years (as prescribed in the recently-ratified British Republican Constitution), defeating Louis Mountbatten by a landslide. Wilson subsequently named Barbara Castle to the post of Prime Minister, Frederick Lee as Vice President, and Marcia Williams as Chief of Staff. Mountbatten, who campaigned via television and radio from a ship he had commandeered and staffed with Royal Navy officers loyal to him, never set foot in Great Britain again.
The 1968 election was seen as the death knell for the British monarchy, with the crushing defeat of the Loyalist movement signaling the sheer unpopularity of the House of Windsor after the exposure of their involvement in the coup plots. Pierre Trudeau's government in Canada initiated and campaigned for the ultimately successful republic referendum of 1969, ousting the Windsors from Ottawa, while the revelations led Australia's Labor Party, led by Gough Whitlam, to a landslide majority and another successful republic referendum in 1972. Several other members of the Commonwealth soon held referenda or declared independence as well.
The election was dramatized in numerous films, such as The Mountbatten Affair, The Election of 1968, and One Week In September. It was also parodied in the comedic musical play Goodbye Mrs. Windsor.
I wrote this list in May after the death of Lester Wolff. He was 102 years old, the oldest living former member of the US House of Representatives, and an active user of Twitter until the very end.
After publishing the original version of this list, I realized that I had completely forgotten that he was a Democrat and not a liberal Republican. However, another user was kind enough to point out that he was indeed a moderate-liberal Republican prior to the nomination of Barry Goldwater. And so without further ado, here it is.
Tribute to Lester Wolff
1961–1963: Jack Kennedy / Lyndon Johnson (Democratic) 1960 def. Richard Nixon / Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) 1963–1965: Lyndon Johnson / Vacant (Democratic)
1965–1969: Lyndon Johnson / Hubert Humphrey (Democratic) 1964 def. Nelson Rockefeller / William Scranton (Republican) 1969–1973: Hubert Humphrey / John Connally (Democratic) 1968 def. Richard Nixon / Spiro Agnew (Republican), George Wallace / Marvin Griffin (American Independent) 1973–1981: George Romney / Robert Finch (Republican) 1972 def. Hubert Humphrey / John Connally (Democratic)
1976 def. John Connally / Frank Church (Democratic) 1981–1985: Robert Finch / Lester Wolff (Republican) 1980 def. Alan Cranston / Elizabeth Holtzman (Democratic) 1985–1993: Ted Kennedy / Pat Schroeder (Democratic) 1984 def. Robert Finch / Lester Wolff (Republican)
1988 def. Pete Wilson / Bob Michel (Republican) 1993–2001: Lester Wolff / Johnny Isakson (Republican) 1992 def. Pat Schroeder / Max Baucus (Democratic)
1996 def. Bob Casey / Doug Wilder (Democratic), Robert F. Kennedy Jr. / Elizabeth May (Independent Democratic) 2001–2009: Alan Blinken / Bonnie Campbell (Democratic) 2000 def. Trent Lott / Gary Bauer (Republican), Michael Huffington / Buddy Roemer (Unity)
2004 def. John Ashcroft / Joe Lieberman (Republican), Michael Huffington / Teresa Heinz (Unity) 2009–2012: Oliver North / Steve Stivers (Republican) 2008 def. Phil Kellam / Joel Hyatt (Democratic) 2012–2013: Steve Stivers / Vacant (Republican)
2013–2021: Whitney Williams / Jason Carter (Democratic) 2012 def. Jeff Sessions / Thomas Ravenel (Republican)
2016 def. Frank Wagner / Liz Cheney (Republican) 2021–0000: Jason Carter / Jane Kim (Democratic) 2020 def. Jim Merritt / Kim Guadagno (Republican)
Nelson Rockefeller defeats Barry Goldwater in the 1964 GOP primaries, re-energizing the moderate-liberal wing of the GOP. November is no cakewalk for Johnson, but the Great Society remains popular; and with the death of JFK still looming large over America, LBJ is able to win a narrow but clear victory over Rocky.
In 1968, Hubert Humphrey selects John Connally as his running mate, making him a much more viable competitor throughout the south. Meanwhile, George Wallace fails to convince his ideal running mates, Curtis LeMay or Happy Chandler, to join the ticket, leaving him with Governor Marvin Griffin, who was only meant to be a placeholder running mate. November sees a Democratic victory, but the death of Bobby Kennedy amplifies anti-war voices in the Democratic Party, forcing Humphrey and Connally to deescalate the US presence in Vietnam. With the incumbents being seen as weak by the public, George Romney wins the GOP primary (with the full support of the Rockefellers) and decisively defeats Humphrey, denying him a second term. Romney selects Robert Finch, an old Nixon ally (albeit more liberal and much more likable than Dick himself) as his running mate, and together they are able to shift the focus back to domestic policy and overall stability. This message enables them to win a second term over John Connally, who won the Democratic nomination just narrowly over the still-popular Eugene McCarthy.
Finch, riding high on Romney's popularity, wins the GOP nomination with little opposition and easily defeats Alan Cranston in 1980. For VP, he selects Lester Wolff, a moderate-liberal northerner who has carved out a niche for himself as one of the House GOP's foreign policy experts, perfectly offsetting Finch's domestic background.
1984 proves too high a hill for the GOP to climb. America is tired after 12 years of Republican leadership. The Democrats nominate Ted Kennedy, more popular than ever, and the last heir to his brothers' mythos and legacies. With the promise of the first female Vice President in Pat Schroeder and a return to the days of Camelot, Kennedy wins in a landslide.
After Finch rules out a rematch, Wolff is initially the frontrunner for 1988, but he quickly declines to run, instead opting to work in international non-governmental organizations. He briefly chairs a number of Jewish charities before joining the United Nations as a key official and specialist in Asian relations. He is able to negotiate deals for representation of the People's Republic and the Republic of China, and smoothens out (as smooth as possible) US relations with both. No top-tier Republicans risk putting their careers on the line against the popular Kennedy, and the young Senator Pete Wilson is seen as nothing more than a sacrificial lamb.
After 4 years working around the world, Wolff returns home and accedes to the drafts he receives. He nominates Johnny Isakson—a southerner but not an arch-conservative—as an olive branch to the right wing of the party who views him as a relic of the GOP's past. With Wolff more popular than he ever was as VP, he cruises to victory in 1992.
In 1996, a contentious contested convention sees the Democrats nominate Bob Casey, whose social conservatism alienates a large swath of Democratic voters. He attempts to placate them by naming Governor Doug Wilder his running mate, but the left wing of the party breaks off anyway, with New York Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy Jr., the nephew of the former President, running an unabashedly left-wing campaign. With the Democrats divided, Wolff wins 1996 in a landslide.
The turn of the millennium proves to be disastrous for the GOP: Vice President Isakson loses the GOP primary to intraparty rival and fellow southerner Speaker Trent Lott, who had managed to build up a powerful coalition of right-wingers in his caucus to dislodge the moderate wing from power. An outraged Congressman Michael Huffington forms the Unity Party, sapping votes from the GOP as well as a few moderate Democrats. Crucially, President Wolff remains dead silent about his vote: he does not attend the RNC, and he makes no public endorsement. Ultimately, however, this only leads to a Democratic landslide for Idaho Governor Alan Blinken and Iowa Senator Bonnie Campbell. The GOP next nominates Governor John Ashcroft, but this choice is still unacceptable to Huffington, who revives the Unity banner, this time with Teresa Heinz, the businesswoman and widow another popular moderate senator, John Heinz.
2008 sees the GOP nominate Senator Oliver North, the popular Vietnam war hero, who is able to draw huge crowds with his messages of patriotism and personal liberty. He easily defeats Senators Kellam and Hyatt, but three years into his term allegations emerge of war crimes he committed in Vietnam. After evidence begins to surface, North swiftly resigns to evade an impeachment trial. Seeing the writing on the wall, President Steve Stivers refuses to run for a full term, and most of the GOP thinks the same. Senator Jeff Sessions wins the nomination, but his choice of Governor Thomas Ravenel, whose wealth and flashy lifestyle doesn't endear him to the public, only dampens his already-bad chances. Governor Whitney Williams of Montana and Representative Jason Carter of Georgia easily retake the White House for the Democrats. They face a tough challenge from Senator Frank Wagner of Virginia, a protégé of the legendary moderate Senator John Warner, but their effective domestic policies and denunciations of the GOP are enough to win the day. Even now, the GOP struggles to shake the legacy of Oliver North, and whispers abound that Michael Huffington and his wife Ariana are considering relaunching the Unity Party. With the recent death of former President Wolff, papers published by his secretary reveal that he switched his voter registration to Democratic in 2008 and had been quietly voting against his former party for years.
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) - Maxime Bernier Québec libéré (QL) - Martine Ouellet Liberal Unionist Party (LUP) - François-Philippe Champagne Parti populaire du Québec (PPQ) - Rhéal Fortin Quebec insoumise (QI) - Catherine Dorion
DUP - Right-wing, moving towards populism. Strongly anti-nationalist and anti-immigrant. DUP analogue. QL - Social democratic, pro-independence. Strongly associated with independence militias prior to the establishment of the modern Quebec Assembly. Sinn Féin analogue. LUP - Centre-left liberal party. Previously the ruling party and the face of unionism, before the rise of the DUP. UUP analogue, with a shift to the left. PPQ - Social democratic, pro-independence, but strictly nonviolent, even during the Québec Troubles. SDLP analogue. QI - Democratic socialist, eco-socialist. Pro-independence. Alliance replacement; based off of Québec solidaire.
Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) - Maxime Bernier Québec libéré (QL) - Martine Ouellet Liberal Unionist Party (LUP) - François-Philippe Champagne Parti populaire du Québec (PPQ) - Rhéal Fortin Quebec insoumise (QI) - Catherine Dorion
DUP - Right-wing, moving towards populism. Strongly anti-nationalist and anti-immigrant. DUP analogue. QL - Social democratic, pro-independence. Strongly associated with independence militias prior to the establishment of the modern Quebec Assembly. Sinn Féin analogue. LUP - Centre-left liberal party. Previously the ruling party and the face of unionism, before the rise of the DUP. UUP analogue, with a shift to the left. PPQ - Social democratic, pro-independence, but strictly nonviolent, even during the Québec Troubles. SDLP analogue. QI - Democratic socialist, eco-socialist. Pro-independence. Alliance replacement; based off of Québec solidaire.
Democratic Unionist Party / Parti unioniste démocrate (DUP/PUD) - Maxime Bernier Québec libré / Free Quebec (QL) - Martine Ouellet Liberal Unionist Party / Parti unioniste libérale (LUP/PUL) - François-Philippe Champagne Union démocratique progressiste / Progressive Democratic Union (UDP/PDU) - Rhéal Fortin Coalition populaire du Québec / People's Coalition of Quebec (CPQ/PCQ) - Guy Caron Québec insoumise / Quebec Unbowed (QI) - Catherine Dorion
DUP - Right-wing, moving towards populism. Strongly anti-nationalist and anti-immigrant. DUP analogue. QL - Social democratic, pro-independence. Strongly associated with independence militias prior to the establishment of the modern Quebec Assembly. Sinn Féin analogue. LUP - Centre-left liberal party. Previously the ruling party and the face of unionism, before the rise of the DUP. UUP analogue, with a shift to the left. UDP - Social democratic, pro-independence, but strictly nonviolent, even during the Québec Troubles. SDLP analogue. CPQ - Social democratic/democratic socialist, nonsectarian, socially liberal. Formally neutral on independence. Alliance replacement; think of a left-wing version of the CAQ. QI - Democratic socialist, eco-socialist. Pro-independence. Based off of Québec solidaire.
The 2017 election to the Quebec National Assembly was held on 2 March 2017, the sixth election since the establishment of the modern National Assembly following the Charlottetown Agreement. The election was triggered by the resignation of First Minister Larry Smith along with all Democratic Unionist members of the Quebec Executive, in response to the controversial Quebec Charter of Values proposed by Québec libre leader and Deputy First Minister Pauline Marois. The proposed charter, which would have banned all public sector employees from wearing or displaying religious symbols such as turbans, hijabs, or niqabs, attracted broad criticism on both a provincial and federal level, and triggered broad protest movements both in favor of and against the proposal.
The election was further complicated by the election of the controversial Maxime Bernier, MNA for Beauce-Sud and standard-bearer of the party's populist wing, to replace Smith as leader of the right-wing unionist Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). Quebec's two major nationalist parties, meanwhile, Québec libre (QL; Free Quebec) and the Union démocratique progressiste (UDP; Progressive Democratic Union), gained three and five seats respectively. The Liberal Unionist Party (LUP), once the dominant force and ruling party of Quebec, fell to fourth place, while the left-wing Coalition populaire du Quebec (CPQ; People's Coalition of Quebec), which is formally neutral on independence, gained three seats. The left-wing nationalist and alter-globalist Québec insoumise (QI; Quebec Unbowed) lost one of their two seats, while two independent unionists were re-elected.
As per the terms of the Charlottetown Agreement, Maxime Bernier, as the leader of the largest party of the largest designation, was appointed First Minister, while Martine Ouellet, the leader of the largest party of the second-largest designation, was appointed Deputy First Minister.
List of Chancellors of the Federal Republic of America
1970–1980: Pierre Trudeau (Liberal Democrats, then Alliance) 1970 def.Hugh Scott (Liberal-Conservative), Edward Kennedy (Progressive), Mills Godwin (Tory) 1976 def.Peter Lougheed (Liberal-Conservative), Shirley Douglas (Common Wealth), Harvey Milk (California National) 1980–1986: John Conyers (Alliance) 1982 def.Fidel Castro (Liberal-Conservative), Shirley Douglas (Common Wealth), Harvey Milk (California National) 1986–1999: Joe Clark (Liberal-Conservative) 1986 def.John Conyers (Alliance), Fob James (New Right), Peter Kormos (Common Wealth), Harvey Milk (California National) 1992 def.Tommy D'Alesandro (Alliance), Peter Kormos (Common Wealth), Fob James (New Right), Harvey Milk (California National) 1996 def.Tommy D'Alesandro (Alliance), Ron Reagan (Common Wealth), Bob Barr (New Right), Loretta Sanchez (California National) 1997 def.Gary Doer (Alliance), Ron Reagan (Common Wealth), Loretta Sanchez (California National), Bob Barr (New Right) 1999–2011: Gary Doer (Alliance) 1999 def.Mitt Romney (Liberal-Conservative), Howard Hampton (Common Wealth), Trent Lott (New Right), Gray Davis (California National) 2004 def.Mitt Romney (Liberal-Conservative), Trent Lott (New Right), Howard Hampton (Common Wealth), Barbara Lee (California National) 2009 def.Jean Charest (Liberal-Conservative), Trent Lott (New Right), Françoise David (Common Wealth), Tom Torlakson (California National) 2011–2012: Brian Schweitzer (Alliance)
2012–2019: Lisa Murkowski (Liberal-Conservative) 2012 def.Brian Schweitzer (Alliance), Françoise David (Common Wealth), Jeff Sessions (New Right), Tom Torlakson (California National) 2017 def.Brian Schweiter (Alliance), Andrew Romanoff (Common Wealth), Mary Fallin (New Right), Tom Torlakson (California National) 2019–0000: Bill Gates (Alliance) 2019 def.Lisa Murkowski (Liberal-Conservative), Andrew Romanoff (Common Wealth), Kim Guilfoyle Newsom (California National), Derek Sloan (New Right)
Every country and every political system has its own quirks, its own intricacies, and its own unique identifying features. For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, it is a simple truth: for the last seventy-six years, Britain has been governed by the left. It is a rare honour—only the Union of Sovereign States, the Kingdom of Spain, South China, and a handful of socialist republics can lay claim to a similar feat. The reason behind this is simple: the British right completely decimated and discredited itself following the German Crisis, and has never recovered since. After Lord Halifax's loss to Clement Attlee in 1945, Labour gained a landslide. After their rematch five years later, the Conservatives were relegated to third place in the House of Commons, and have remained there ever since.
Halifax and his predecessor, Lord Templewood (formerly Sir Samuel Hoare), are almost universally ranked at the bottom of lists of 20th century prime ministers. Their mishandling of the German Crisis, and their failure to maintain peace on the Continent, drove thousands of Conservatives—from MPs to councillors to rank-and-file party members—away from the party now seen as a national embarrassment. The natural beneficiary of this devastation was the Liberal Party—once a shadow of its former self under Lloyd George, the Conservative implosion saw Sir Archibald Sinclair take the reins of the Opposition away from Halifax, and, in 1955, the premiership. Since then, power has alternated between the Liberal and Labour parties ever since, with the Conservatives shut firmly out of the corridors of power, save a brief spell in the late 1990s when Michael Heseltine's Liberals were forced into a coalition with Michael Portillo's Tories after Margaret Beckett's Labour cut their majority down to a very slim plurality.
Each party has their own left and right wings, to be sure. John McDonnell's Labour, built in the image that Lord Stansgate never had the opportunity to create, had hardly anything in common with his predecessor, Paddy Ashdown, or his successor, Andrew Adonis. So too for the Liberals—Heseltine and Clarke share little with the days of Sinclair or Megan Lloyd George. Yet, all the same, the party system Britain built and solidified in the 1940s and 50s seems as solid as ever, and it is here to stay. As Number 10 alternates back and forth between red and yellow with no shade of blue to be seen, it becomes ever clearer that Britain today stands resolutely beneath an infinite orange sky.
--Excerpt from the foreword of The Oxford Guide to Modern British Politics
Very loose analogue, but the colors should make it obvious.
Presidents of the Commonwealth of Britain
1984–1994: Peter Carington (Progressive Conservative) 1994–1999: John Biffen (Progressive Conservative) 1999–2004:Bill Rodgers (Social Democratic) 2008–2018: Douglas Hogg (Progressive Conservative) 2018–0000:Alastair Campbell (Social Democratic)
Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth of Britain
1982–1998: Geoffrey Howe (Progressive Conservative) 1983 def. Roy Hattersley (Social Democratic), Eric Lubbock (The Liberals), Margaret Beckett (Progressive Democrats)
1987 def. Bill Rodgers (Social Democratic), David Steel (The Liberals), Margaret Beckett (Progressive Democrats)
1990 def. Michael Meacher (Social Democratic), Conrad Russell (The Liberals), Margaret Beckett (Progressive Democrats) 1998–2005:John Reid (Social Democratic) 1998 def. Geoffrey Howe (Progressive Conservative), David Blunkett (Democratic Alliance), Alan Beith (The Liberals), Robin Cook (Socialist Labour)
2002 def. Michael Ancram (Progressive Conservative), David Blunkett (Democratic Alliance), David Laws (The Liberals), Dawn Primarolo (Socialist Labour) 2005–2021: Kenneth Clarke (Progressive Conservative) 2005 def. John Reid (Social Democratic), David Laws (The Liberals), Michael Meacher (Socialist Labour), David Blunkett (Democratic Alliance)
2009 def. Tony Blair (Social Democratic), David Laws (The Liberals), Michael Meacher (Socialist Labour), Charles Kennedy (Democratic Alliance)
2013 def. Alan Johnson (Social Democratic), Jeremy Corbyn (Socialist Labour), Charles Kennedy (Democratic Alliance), Lembit Öpik (The Liberals)
2017 def. Peter Hain (Social Democratic), Christopher Monckton (Reform), Nick Clegg (The Liberals), John McDonnell (Socialist Labour), Ed Miliband (Democratic Alliance) 2021–0000:Gordon Brown (Social Democratic) 2021 def. Jeremy Hunt (Progressive Conservative), Angela Rayner (Democratic Alliance), Nick Clegg (The Liberals), Michelle Ballantyne (Reform), Rebecca Long-Bailey (Socialist Labour)
Blairpunk, ft. Australian-style personality parties
1997–0000: Tony Blair (Labour) 1997 (Majority) def. John Major (Conservative), Paddy Ashdown (Liberal Democrats) 2001 (Majority) def. William Hague (Conservative), Vince Cable (Liberal Democrats) 2005 (Majority) def. Kenneth Clarke (Conservative), Vince Cable (Liberal Democrats) 2009 (Minority) def. Kenneth Clarke (Conservative), Alistair Carmichael (Liberal Democrats), Gordon Brown (The People for Gordon Brown), Iain Duncan Smith (Reform), Nick Clegg (New Coalition for Britain) 2010 (Coalition with Liberal Democrats) def. Alan Duncan (Conservative), Iain Duncan Smith (Reform), Alistair Carmichael (Liberal Democrats), Gordon Brown (The People for Gordon Brown), Jeremy Corbyn (Team Corbyn) 2015 (Majority) def. Andrea Leadsom (Conservative), Alistair Carmichael (Liberal Democrats), Nick Clegg (New Coalition for Britain), Jeremy Corbyn (Team Corbyn) 2019 (Majority) def. Andrea Leadsom (Conservative), Ed Davey (Liberal Democrats), Dan Carden & Rebecca Long-Bailey (Team Corbyn), Boris Johnson (Back Boris) 2022 (Majority with Team Corbyn support) def. Dominic Raab (Conservative), Ed Davey & Sam Gyimah (Liberal Democrats), Dan Carden & Rebecca Long-Bailey (Team Corbyn), Boris Johnson (Back Boris), George Galloway (George Galloway's Workers Party)
1957–1957: Happy Chandler / Alben Barkley † (Democratic) 1956 def.Theodore McKeldin / Edward Martin (Republican) 1957–1957: Happy Chandler † / VACANT (Democratic) 1957–1961: William Knowland / VACANT (Republican)
1961–1965: William Knowland / Hugh Scott (Republican) 1960 def. Gerhard Mennen Williams / Pat Brown (Democratic) 1965–1973: Robert F. Kennedy / Ralph Yarborough (Democratic) 1964 def.William Knowland / Hugh Scott (Republican) 1968 def. Elliot Richardson / Kenneth Keating (Republican) 1973–1977: Mario Biaggi / Frank Borman (Independent) 1972 def.Frank Church / William Fulbright (Democratic), Elliot Richardson / Stanley Hathaway (Republican) 1977–1985: Ramsey Clark / Ed Edmondson (Democratic) 1976 def.George Bush / Al Quie (Republican), Barry Goldwater / Various (Independent) 1980 def.Bob Dole / Alexander Haig (Republican) 1985–1993: Howard Baker / Arlen Specter (Republican) 1984 def.Francis Bellotti / Ben Barnes (Democratic), Tom McCall / William Ruckelshaus (Independent), Ed Koch / Bill Lipinski (Independent) 1988 def.Ramsey Clark / John Young Brown Jr. (Democratic) 1993–2001: Ted Turner / Marcy Kaptur (Independent) 1992 def.Ramsey Clark / Jesse Jackson (Democratic), Connie Morella / Lamar Alexander (Republican), Rush D. Holt, Jr. / Noam Chomsky (Green) 1996 def.Mario Biaggi Jr. / Duncan Hunter (Republican), Geoffrey Fieger / Dennis Kucinich (Democratic), Charlotte Pritt / Kevin Zeese (Green) 2001–2009: Sherrod Brown / Shirley Franklin (Democratic) 2000 def.Haley Barbour / Fife Symington (Republican), Rush D. Holt, Jr. / Anthony Pollina (Green) 2004 def.John Ashcroft / Terry Branstad (Republican), Blanche Lincoln / Michael Bloomberg (Independent), Charlotte Pritt / Dan Hamburg (Green) 2009–2017: David Clarke / Mary Fallin (Republican) 2008 def.Wesley Clark / John Bohlinger (Independent), Rosa DeLauro / Mark Herring (Democratic), Carly Fiorina / John McCain (Independent) 2012 def.Bob Vance, Jr. / Mike Espy (Democratic), Wesley Clark / Rocky Anderson (Independent) 2017–0000: Ellen Rosenblum / Roy Cooper (Democratic) 2016 def.Carly Fiorina / Jeff Colyer (Republican), Lincoln Chafee / Joe Straus (Independent)
List of Chancellors of the United States of Europe (1995-present)
1995–2006: Michael Meacher (United Left) 1995 (Coalition with ASDE) def. John Major, Viscount Huntingdon (Union of the Democratic Centre), Karel Schwarzenberg (Liberal and Unionist), Josep Borrell (Alliance of Socialists and Democrats), Joschka Fischer (Ecology & Progress)
2000 (Coalition with ASDE) def. Edmund Stoiber (Union of the Democratic Centre), Josep Borrell (Alliance of Socialists and Democrats), Karel Schwarzenberg (Liberal and Unionist), Joschka Fischer (Ecology & Progress)
2004 (Coalition with E&P) def. Gordon Brown (Alliance of Socialists and Democrats), Edmund Stoiber (Union of the Democratic Centre), Alexander Van der Bellen (Ecology & Progress), Rainer Brüderle (Liberal and Unionist) 2006–2011: Emma Bonino (Liberal and Unionist) 2006 (Grand Coalition with ASDE) def. Gordon Brown (Alliance of Socialists & Democrats), Francisco Louçã (United Left), Dominique de Villepin (Union of the Democratic Centre), Trevor Sargent (Ecology & Progress) 2011–2020: Sauli Niinistö (Union of the Democratic Centre) 2011 (Minority with L&U support) def. Eamon Gilmore (Alliance of Socialists & Democrats), Nikos Konstantopoulos (United Left), Sylvie Goulard (Liberal & Unionist), Katrin Göring-Eckardt (Ecology & Progress)
2013 (Majority) def. Eamon Gilmore (Alliance of Socialists & Democrats), Nikos Konstantopoulos (United Left), Yannick Jadot (Ecology & Progress), Volker Wissing (Liberal & Unionist), Sixto Enrique de Borbón-Parma (Rally for Europe)
2017 (Minority with L&U support) def. Mette Frederiksen (Alliance of Socialists & Democrats), Sir Nick Clegg, 1st Baronet (Liberal & Unionist), Yannick Jadot (Ecology & Progress)Bodo Ramelow (United Left), Norbert Hofer (Rally for Europe) 2020–0000: Robert Biedroń (Alliance of Socialists & Democrats) 2020 (Coalition with E&P) def. Xavier Bertrand (Union of the Democratic Centre), Iñigo Errejón (United Left), Cédric Villani (Ecology & Progress), Sir Nick Clegg, 1st Baronet (Liberal & Unionist), Tomio Okamura (Rally for Europe)
