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Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State

The Land of Traitors, Rattlesnakes, and Alligators

"Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery—the greatest material interest of the world."

Presidents of the Confederate States of America

1861 - 1868: Jefferson Davis (Non-Partisan)
1861 (with Alexander Stephens) def. unopposed
1868 - 1874: P. G. T. Beauregard (Democratic)
1867 (with James Seddon) def. John Pool (Opposition), Williamson Cobb (Unionist)
1874 - 1880: Fitzhugh Lee (Democratic)
1873 (with Albert G. Brown) def. Patrick Cleburne (Opposition)
1880 - 1882: James Longstreet (Democratic)
1879 (with Lucius Lamar II) def. William Mahone (Opposition)
1881 - 1882: War of the Mexican Intervention: C.S.A., French Republic, United Kingdom restore government of Empire of Mexico, defeat U.S.A.
1882:
Hampton Coup

1882 - 1885: DISPUTED; The Slavers' War / Third American Revolution / War of the Manumission
1882 - 1884: James Longstreet (Democratic / National Unity, backed by Opposition, Loyalist Army)
1884 - 1885: Lucius Lamar II (Democratic / National Unity)
1882 - 1885: Wade Hampton III ("Fire-Eater" then Constitutionalist, backed by Anti-Administration Democratic)
1883 - 0000: Cuban Revolution; José Antonio Maceo y Grajales (Asociacion Independentista) declared President of Cuba by revolutionaries, recognised by United States


1885 - 1886: Lucius Lamar II (Democratic / National Unity)
1886 - 0000: John S. Marmaduke (Democratic)
1885: Absolom West (Anti-Monopoly / Corn-Coal-Cotton League / Farmers' Alliance / Opposition fusion ticket) plurality over John S. Marmaduke (Democratic), Lucius Lamar II (National Unity), States Rights Gist (Nullification)
1886 contingent election (with Lucius M. Walker) def. Absolom West (Opposition), Lucius Lamar II (National Unity)


When the British and French agreed to back the Confederates against the Americans in the rapidly-escalating dispute over the Mexican situation, they were exceedingly clear on their conditions: manumit your slaves within a year of the end of the war. Facing a large and angry United States, President Longstreet, a strategic realist if not necessarily a political one, agreed. And after ten short months, it was all over. The South stood triumphant for the second time in twenty years, and the broad sunlit uplands of an era of good feelings lay ahead.

Except for the Manumission Amendment.

Getting all fourteen states to agree on anything was like herding cats at the best of times. Getting all fourteen to agree to amend out of existence the peculiar institution that was the cornerstone of their young nation's existence posed, to put it mildly, an uphill struggle. That hill got a lot steeper when Wade Hampton convinced Stonewall Jackson to stand with him and resist what he and most other traditionalist Confederates considered treason. The Army of Kentucky received orders to march on Richmond, the state militias began to fragment between those loyal to the president and those 'faithful to the Constitution', and slave uprisings began sparking off across the South.

Where the Confederacy had won each of its wars against the Union in a year, the war against itself would take three; a mestizo revolution in Cuba dislodged most of the Confederates (from both sides) from what was meant to be the first piece of a Caribbean empire, President Longstreet would be slain by an unemployed overseer from rural Virginia, and even after the last Constitutionalist holdouts surrendered in fall 1885 bushwhackers would continue to strike from the hills and swamps.

Not that Longstreet's successor Lamar would need to worry about it; between the disenfranchisement of rebels by the loyalty oaths, the groundswell of anger from poor whites, and much tutting by those who didn't believe it Constitutional (the good kind, not the rebellious kind) for him to stand for election, he came a distant third and only succeeded in splitting the Democratic vote. But while the populist Opposition coalition won the popular vote, they fell short in the Electoral College and then the House, where a corrupt bargain saw them lose to the Democrats (who quite liked the idea of staying in charge, thank you).

The United States, while wounded and vengeful, did not immediately take advantage of their neighbour's strife. For one, the French and British remained poised to strike; for another, the US Army and Navy needed time to recover; finally, an invasion would only unite the warring halves of the Confederacy against the North.

However, the new Administration of President Sherman and his Unionist Party is beginning to weigh its options.
The Mexican insurgency grinds remorselessly towards a successful conclusion, as that charming General Díaz hacks his way to Mexico City through the a hapless Imperial Government now bereft of protection. Cuba is all but independent, and rabidly pro-American. Confederate society is coming apart at the seams on both class and conflict lines. The Southern military has been gutted by four years of constant war, and the new President can't be certain he can trust his own men (many of whom were, after all, trying to kill him eighteen months ago). Richmond is dragging its heels with a gradual model of emancipation that will see the last slaves freed sometime around 1908, if the states don't get tied down in litigation; consequently, Britain has lost all appetite for further American follies while France has bigger problems at home. The U.S. Army has been stripping deadwood relentlessly, and the conscription programme is starting to turn out classes of reservists.

And steaming down the Mississippi just now, right around the bend from a group of Constitutionalist bushwhackers, a Union-flagged riverboat is about to give John Sherman a big bloody shirt to wave around.

One of the few lists in this thread that I desperately want to see expanded upon thanks to the prose and imagination.

Strikingly reminiscent of Red Delta by @MAC161 which has as its background history a successful CSA then slowly destroying itself internally in the aftermath; if memory serves, it effectively sees each State stick two fingers up at President Longstreet and say "I didn't listen to the Damnyankees and I won't listen to you" with predictably bloody consequences
 
One of the few lists in this thread that I desperately want to see expanded upon thanks to the prose and imagination.

Strikingly reminiscent of Red Delta by @MAC161 which has as its background history a successful CSA then slowly destroying itself internally in the aftermath; if memory serves, it effectively sees each State stick two fingers up at President Longstreet and say "I didn't listen to the Damnyankees and I won't listen to you" with predictably bloody consequences
Thank you very much. I took Meppo's prompt, and was inspired by the discussion on moth's excellent review of Guns of the South, which among other things included a point by Japhy on how incongruous it is in TL-191 that Jackson just goes "yeah, okay" to Longstreet manumitting the slaves and there's no real internal conflict, despite it breaking with his (and more broadly, the entire Confederacy's) actions up to that point.

I also wanted to strip the CS of some of its plot armour; Mexico was not in a rush to give even more of its land to the gringos, Cuba was having its own independence war and would be no happier with overlords in Richmond than Madrid, and I imagine Gladstone would be only too happy to let the slavers swing in the breeze if it gave several hundred thousand angry Federals something to do other than gaze across that long, porous Canadian border.

Jake Featherston's dad being the one to assassinate Longstreet was admittedly just for fun.

I've not read Red Delta, but I very much mean to. CSA-wins-the-war-but-loses-the-peace is a satisfying but surprisingly underdone scenario.
 
Thank you very much. I took Meppo's prompt, and was inspired by the discussion on moth's excellent review of Guns of the South, which among other things included a point by Japhy on how incongruous it is in TL-191 that Jackson just goes "yeah, okay" to Longstreet manumitting the slaves and there's no real internal conflict, despite it breaking with his (and more broadly, the entire Confederacy's) actions up to that point.

I also wanted to strip the CS of some of its plot armour; Mexico was not in a rush to give even more of its land to the gringos, Cuba was having its own independence war and would be no happier with overlords in Richmond than Madrid, and I imagine Gladstone would be only too happy to let the slavers swing in the breeze if it gave several hundred thousand angry Federals something to do other than gaze across that long, porous Canadian border.

Oh, thank you! I feel extremely flattered. And I must agree with @Skinny87 - this list is highly prosaic and well-written! And yeah, Britain would be much more happy with the US looking at the South than at Canada

I actually tried to write a US presidential list in the world of a Confederate victory, based off Joshua ben Ari's idea of a post-Confederate Civil War North America as well as two concepts from TL-191 that particularly bothered me (namely Mexico being a Confederate satellite state, despite the South's economic and diplomatic deficiencies, and the Democratic dominant-party system brought about by Lincoln splitting under the Socialist banner). It's not particularly high-quality, but I distinctly enjoyed working on it and learning more about 19th century USA.
 
So the Mosley discussion from the other day inspired me, and after doing some reading up on Kishi Nobusuke my mind started putting parallels together...


The Black Baronet Rises From The Dark (or: oh god oh fuck it's mosley)

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1941-present)

1941-1945: Winston Churchill (Conservative leading War Ministry)
1945-1946: Samuel Hoare (Conservative)
1946-1947: Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (Conservative)
1947-1948: Clement Attlee (Labour)
1948-1954: Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (New Democratic)
1954-1957: Duncan Sandys (New Democratic [1954-1955]; National Democratic [1955-1957])
1957-1960: Oswald Mosley (National Democratic)
1960-1964: Harold Macmillan (National Democratic)
1964-1972: "Major" Edward Mosley (National Democratic)
1972-1977: Edward du Cann (National Democratic)
1977-1982: Francis Pym (National Democratic)
1982-1989: Keith Joseph (National Democratic)
1989-1993: Michael Heseltine (National Democratic)
1993-1994: Douglas Hurd (Reform)
1994-1996: Peter Shore (Labour)
1996-2000: Nicholas Winterton (National Democratic)
2000-2001: Godfrey Bloom (National Democratic)
2001-2006: Norman Lamont (National Democratic)
2006-2009: Sheldon Mosley (National Democratic)
2009-2010: Neil Hamilton (National Democratic)
2010-2012: Laura Sandys (Democratic)
2012-2020: Sheldon Mosley (National Democratic)
2020-????: David Davis (National Democratic)
 
So the Mosley discussion from the other day inspired me, and after doing some reading up on Kishi Nobusuke my mind started putting parallels together...


The Black Baronet Rises From The Dark (or: oh god oh fuck it's mosley)

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1941-present)

1941-1945: Winston Churchill (Conservative leading War Ministry)
1945-1946: Samuel Hoare (Conservative)
1946-1947: Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (Conservative)
1947-1948: Clement Attlee (Labour)
1948-1954: Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax (New Democratic)
1954-1957: Duncan Sandys (New Democratic [1954-1955]; National Democratic [1955-1957])
1957-1960: Oswald Mosley (National Democratic)
1960-1964: Harold Macmillan (National Democratic)
1964-1972: "Major" Edward Mosley (National Democratic)
1972-1977: Edward du Cann (National Democratic)
1977-1982: Francis Pym (National Democratic)
1982-1989: Keith Joseph (National Democratic)
1989-1993: Michael Heseltine (National Democratic)
1993-1994: Douglas Hurd (Reform)
1994-1996: Peter Shore (Labour)
1996-2000: Nicholas Winterton (National Democratic)
2000-2001: Godfrey Bloom (National Democratic)
2001-2006: Norman Lamont (National Democratic)
2006-2009: Sheldon Mosley (National Democratic)
2009-2010: Neil Hamilton (National Democratic)
2010-2012: Laura Sandys (Democratic)
2012-2020: Sheldon Mosley (National Democratic)
2020-????: David Davis (National Democratic)

Norman Lamont
?

Norman Lamont when the obvious British analogue for Koizumi Junichiro is Tony Blair?
 
Norman Lamont?

Norman Lamont when the obvious British analogue for Koizumi Junichiro is Tony Blair?

Blair seemed too obvious, and arguably too lefty for the standards of the 1955 System. It was a lot of back and forth deciding between him or someone else, and someone else won out.

Then again I already conjured up a political career for Mosley's brother to fit a Sato analogue and a fictional grandchild to try to solve Britain's declining birth rate, so.
 
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Trying to think of an alternate version of Oswald I *haven't* seen yet.
Oswald Mosley as an alt Macmillan in a TL where he doesn’t go totally off the rails in the interwar period and spends the 30s and 40s as a Tory radical advocating radical Keynesian policies, becomes PM some time in the 1950s, only to go off the rails then and nuke Cairo during alt-Suez or something.
 
Oswald Mosley as an alt Macmillan in a TL where he doesn’t go totally off the rails in the interwar period and spends the 30s and 40s as a Tory radical advocating radical Keynesian policies, becomes PM some time in the 1950s, only to go off the rails then and nuke Cairo during alt-Suez or something.
I did do the first half of that in my test thread actually.
 
Trying to think of an alternate version of Oswald I *haven't* seen yet.

one where the national government falls apart before a general election, he takes his new party back into labour when his old boss lansbury becomes leader, and after a brief stint as lansbury's shadow chancellor, ends up as a footnote backbencher
 
Trying to think of an alternate version of Oswald I *haven't* seen yet.
One where he stays in Labour, becomes a Popular Front member, joins the CommonWealth Party and later becomes one of the founders of the CND. He later becomes a member of the Ecology party and helps push there movement into earlier popularity and fall when him and David Icke open there mouths.

Or I’m always fond of Mosley fusing the New Party with the Social Credit party because him supporting Social Credit is a possibility, him and Oliver Baldwin lead the Social Credit party to become a Left alternative to Labour...oh no I created Mosley as John A. Lee.
 
One where he stays in Labour, becomes a Popular Front member, joins the CommonWealth Party and later becomes one of the founders of the CND. He later becomes a member of the Ecology party and helps push there movement into earlier popularity and fall when him and David Icke open there mouths.

Or I’m always fond of Mosley fusing the New Party with the Social Credit party because him supporting Social Credit is a possibility, him and Oliver Baldwin lead the Social Credit party to become a Left alternative to Labour...oh no I created Mosley as John A. Lee.

Social Credit works well considering Mosley's propensity to adopt whatever he heard about last.
 
The interesting scenario would be Mosley creating a ‘Left Wing’ Social Credit party like New Zealand.

The fun thing would be if it stays around as a protest party of sort past his retirement maybe with a handful of MPs and as a place for people to defect to if they want to push the populism button. Maybe even retain a few MPs on the basis of local loyalties that way?

That or get taken over by a contingent of defectors sometimes...

Wait stupid idea: SDP-Liberal-SoCred government.

Actually, more seriously, they'd make a decent anti austerity vehicle if they're descended from a less offensive Mosley? Might be something to think about as a place for that sentiment after the Thatcher realignment.

I have too many ideas and not enough detailed knowledge to make lists out of them...
 
The fun thing would be if it stays around as a protest party of sort past his retirement maybe with a handful of MPs and as a place for people to defect to if they want to push the populism button. Maybe even retain a few MPs on the basis of local loyalties that way?
The CommonWealth party splits between Social Credit and Labour, Tom Driberg becomes one of it’s leaders etc. The party gets Bevanite defectors during the Gaitskell-Bevanite battles etc.
 
Trying to think of an alternate version of Oswald I *haven't* seen yet.
I think that in one of Liviu Radu’s AH stories where France loses the Hundred Years’ War and is annexed by England because Jeanne D’Arc died while young,Mosley is mentioned as being part of England’s rugby team in the Seven Nations Tournament of 1926.

France btw is basically just a larger Canada politically and everything til 1776 is more or less OTL,apart from Henry V murdering I think all of French nobility expect for the Anjou House,by the 1700’s all of France now being a loyal colony of England (but only because England murdered half of the population,with Henry V and other Plantagenet/Tudor kings apparently impaling French people on a regular basis).

Yeah,I know.
 
I think that in one of Liviu Radu’s AH stories where France loses the Hundred Years’ War and is annexed by England

When I first got into Alternate History, back in 2015, I did a story with a similar POD and it ended with England conquering the world. It was entirely on notepad and the computer it was on has since crashed so it's gone forever.
 
Short List, thicc footnotes
Same TL as this list

Summer2019Punk: The Long Road to Brexit

2017-2019: Theresa May (Conservative Minority with DUP Supply & Confidence)
2019-2019: Jeremy Hunt (Conservative Minority with DUP Supply & Confidence)

2019-Present: Naomi Long (Alliance Party leading Labour-Unite To Remain-Alliance "Second Referendum" coalition)


“A car has just pulled up outside the Labour Party HQ. This might suggest that Jeremy Corbyn will be going to the palace as leader of the largest party in the House of Commons. Of course to secure a majority he would need the support of the Liberal Democrats and their 119 MPs as well as one or more other parties. Several party leaders, notably Jo Swinson of the Liberal Democrats had ruled out a government lead by Jeremy Corbyn but not necessarily a coalition with the Labour party if a second European Union referendum was offered.

“Yes, we can see several figures walking out of the building, I,”

“It's a woman, it's not Jo Swinson, hang on...
” - Laura Kuenssberg, BBC News, 8th November 2019

“We’re going to have the first Downing Street Cat that’s a Dog! How Progressive!”- @Sideways , the same day.

"Has anyone checked on @Ulster ?"
"The area or the man,"
"Yes,"
-Bolt451 and @Kato , also the same day

Naomi Long is arguably the least likely Prime Minister in UK History. Re-elected MP for Belfast East in September 2019 she was one of two Alliance MPs elected in that tumultuous election.

However to explain how she ended up Prime Minister in one of the biggest crises the United Kingdom has ever faced we need to go back to the summer of 2019 and the European Parliament elections required by the extension of Britain’s article 50 deadline. The elections saw the rise of the newly formed Brexit Party and the rise out of the ashes of the Liberal Democrats on a policy of no-deal Brexit and a second referendum respectively. The Lib Dems already bolstered by the defection of several MPs from Labour and the Conservatives. Their rise in polls both for European Parliament and the House of Commons saw Labour and especially the Conservatives plummet. Labour remained the party of “soft Brexit” promising protection for worker’s rights and access to the single market. The Conservative’s deal on a transition period had been voted down multiple times but no alternative could be agreed on.

The European elections were a washout for the Conservatives, losing most of their seats to the Brexit Party with Labour losing several to the Lib Dems. Theresa May tendered her designation almost immediately, staying on as a caretaker and for President Trump’s state visit. Meanwhile the Lib Dems and the Brexit party continued to rise in the polls, both frequently topping various and numerous polls and surveys.

The election of Jeremy Hunt as Conservative leader (and so Prime Minister) was far from energising for the Conservative party. Elected by a narrow margin by the party in a gaffe prone and bitter leadership competition (one MP being caught on Microphone saying it was “a choice between a remainer and a man who looks like a haunted puppet”) Hunt was far from the uniting figure they needed.

Over the summer recess there would be several more defections to the Brexit Party and to the Liberal Democrats, mostly from the conservatives but one or two from Labour (and in the case of Kate Hoey, from Labour to the Brexit Party). When recess ended A vote of no confidence was held in the Prime Minister and he lost. He lost the further vote and an election was called. The Prime Ministers last act was to go to Europe to ask for an extension to the Article 50 Deadline. It was allowed and the election campaign began.

The four platforms were already laid out by the main four parties. The Tories looking for a deal but not guaranteeing access to the single market or certain rights for EU citizens. Labour being the party of “Soft Brexit” the Lib Dems demanding a second referendum and the Brexit Party saying we should leave without a deal. The only change to this was the creation of Unite to Remain, an electoral pact between the Liberal Democrats, Plaid Cymru and surprisingly, the Green Party of England and Wales and the Green Party of Scotland to stand down for each other's candidates and campaign under a united banner. This was seen at the time to benefit the Liberal Democrats and Plaid Cymru but unpopular amongst the Green Parties.

Throughout the election the four parties (to take U2R as a single party) hovering around 20% and in the end the vote would be split Con 18% Lab 22% U2R 24% Brexit 20%. The Tories were destroyed, dropping down to 147 seats. Labour dropped to 248, the Lib Dems rocketed to 143 seats and Brexit went from 9 seats to 38. Countless Tories and Labour lost their seats. Most notably the Prime Minister and Former Prime Minister Theresa May both lost to the Liberal Democrats. Labour’s losses were primarily to the Lib Dems in affluent urban areas while they retained much of the “Red wall”. The Tories lost a lot of the South West, former Lib Dem heartlands, to the Lib Dems but overall results were chaotic with hundreds of seats having majorities of less than two thousand. In some areas surprise victors came about as competing parties split previously seat winning votes.

It was obvious from the results that there was only one feasible option, that of a Labour-Unite To Remain Government (variously dubbed the Remain govt, the second referendum coalition and the Traffic Light Coalition). Throughout the Campaign a lot had been said between Labour and the Liberal Democrats and especially between Jeremy Corbyn and Jo Swinson. Corbyn hadn’t ruled out a coalition but had said that their aim was always to govern as a majority. Swinson however had gone as far as to say that she’d not be part of a coalition with Jeremy Corbyn as Prime Minister so when Labour and the constituent members of U2R met to discuss a potential platform the choice of Prime Minister was also on the table.

Following the election alongside calls for each newspaper or other publication’s choice of Brexit outcome there was a significant shift in public support for electoral reform. The Brexit Party got 20% of the votes but 6% of the seats and while the Lib Dems were closer to vote to seat parity they could see they’d scraped in in a lot of seats. There was also huge public outcry at the number of seats the Conservatives got despite coming fourth in the popular vote and that Labour barely came second and yet ended up by far the biggest party. The new government would rectify this with a two stage referendum to initially be held in May 2020. The first question would cover whether they wanted to get rid of First Past the Post. Something Labour and the Liberal Democrats would both back yes on (And could guarantee Nigel Farage and The Brexit Party as strange bedfellows too) and the second question would be what to replace it with, with Labour proposing the Additional Member system as used in Wales and Scotland, the Liberal Democrats proposing Single Transferrable Vote and the two Green Parties proposing regional list Proportional Representation. Further proposals to reform the House of Lords were also agreed on in principle. English Devolution would also “be investigated”

The rest of the talks were on what the course of action would be when it came to Brexit. It was agreed that a six month extension would be agree on with a referendum being held in March 2020 on a revised deal. This deal would be Labour lead (with Kier Starmer being Secretary for Leaving the EU) and built around principles of remaining in the single market, protections for workers and EU citizens and continued cooperation with the EU on matters such as policing. These principles would also be continued into negotiations of any permanent relationship if the March referendum delivered a leave vote. In this referendum Labour could campaign for the deal and the Liberal Democrats, Plaid Cymru and the Green Parties would campaign to remain.

The only thing that remained was for a Prime Minister designate and the cabinet. The Green Party of England and Wales was considered as a more neutral party, as was Plaid Cymru . It is believed that Caroline Lucas and Leanne Wood were suggested but in the end they would become Environment Secretary and Welsh Secretary respectively. In the end they looked outside of Labour and U2R and the Alliance Party of Northern Ireland were invited to join the new government with their 2 MPs, being pro remain but open to Labour’s agreement to stay in the single market. Stephen Farry would be Northern Ireland Secretary and party leader Naomi Long would go to the Palace and become Prime Minister.

To be continued
 
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