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Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State

Okay, so post Alliance there have been a few attempts at this - most notably in the 90s Plaid attempted an alliance with the Greens and got an MP elected on the basis of a joint candidacy, Cynog Dafis has made it clear he doesn't consider himself a contender for first Green Parliamentarian and the deal really didn't work - Plaid holding meetings in Welsh and the Greens not all speaking Welsh was a problem. The deal apparently kept a Green Counillor in Aberystwyth until the 00s but other candidates put forward included someone who went on to a job defending nuclear energy so maybe the fusion ticket thing never quite worked. And now the Greens still don't really have a presence in Wales despite how by the numbers Cardiff meets all the demographic conditions to be favourable for them

In Tatton in 1997 Labour and the Lib Dems stood down for an Indo to get out Neil Hamilton. The Liberal Democrats stood down for Health Concern in 2005.

Then, in 2017 obviously the greens pushed hard for a progressive alliance and it was horrific - British voters don't seem to understand it - campaigning in a Green minor target seat and having to explain why people should vote Green when you're standing down for the Lib Dems in other seats was pretty bad. In 2018 the party voted never again, then did basically the same thing again in 2019. Along the way there've been big problems - how do two parties that value local party autonomy swap the Isle of Man for Lewes, for example? The Greens are really bad at this kind of disciplined thinking, and if the Lib Dems say they'll do something it's 50/50 whether they will or not.

I kinda think electoral pacts will happen one day, but right now not so much. Too much bad blood. Also, well, the Tories won Mansfield and Labour win Canterbury. Surprise wins are possible and lots of people don't quite trust targetting right now. It makes it tough to make deals.

Maybe election after next, if the Tories are still in power, Labour will consider a limited amount of that

I think specifically in London there could be a move to a much more formal Lib Dem-Green pact. Things seem pretty friendly in Richmond, and I could see a similar 'open up council seats for an uncontested run at Parliament' deal working in Sutton (the 759 Green voters would have put Brake over the top there, though I expect in reality some would have broken for Labour instead). Outside of London it feels a lot more patchy. Labour as a rule don't seem interested in anything formal, though use of Paper Candidates for informal support certainly seems realistic.
 
I wonder if there's room for a Britain that maintains a 3 parties system. You'd have to find a clearer niche for the liberals, but that would make for interesting electoral politics. Though the pressure for electoral reform would probably be great enough to have change if people keep abusing pacts left right and center.
There's definitely a possibility for it. The other thing I forgot to mention is ever since I found out about France's two-round system, I've felt it would probably have produced very good results for the mid-2000s Lib Dems, when there was a sense that Labour voters preferred them over the Tories and Tories preferred them over Labour.
 
I think specifically in London there could be a move to a much more formal Lib Dem-Green pact. Things seem pretty friendly in Richmond, and I could see a similar 'open up council seats for an uncontested run at Parliament' deal working in Sutton (the 759 Green voters would have put Brake over the top there, though I expect in reality some would have broken for Labour instead). Outside of London it feels a lot more patchy. Labour as a rule don't seem interested in anything formal, though use of Paper Candidates for informal support certainly seems realistic.

I'm less sure - iirc Richmond Park generated some stress within the Greens in 2016, with new rules introduced to reduce the power of senior party officials to pressure party groups to stand down afterwards. Now they have for a long time, but all it takes is a change in the local group and that's a fight that'll open up again.

As I say, Greens lack discipline a lot of the time, and - you know - much love to you, but Lib Dems have a reputation for lying - when I was in the Greens any electoral pact suggestions were tempered with "last time we did this the Lib Dems said they'd stand down but didn't"

I think in 2017 the Greens wanted a pact to counter Corbyn, and in 2019 it was a brexit thing. The leadership is keen but the membership seem restless. Though it's happened twice now, so by 2024 it may be just expected
 
There's definitely a possibility for it. The other thing I forgot to mention is ever since I found out about France's two-round system, I've felt it would probably have produced very good results for the mid-2000s Lib Dems, when there was a sense that Labour voters preferred them over the Tories and Tories preferred them over Labour.

That makes a lot of sense. It's also a very "low tech" approach to the problem you can actually implement without that much effort from the people counting ballots, unlike ranked choice.

I think something else you could experiment with is the French municipal election style, maybe for councils? You have a first round of party lists, then a second round where lists who did better than 10% can all run, and lists who did better than 5% can negotiate an explicit fusion list with those who run, where they'll be on the ballot jointly. It's great for dealing with the "why are we voting for those guys under party instructions, actually" effect, but of course require party list elections.
 
As I say, Greens lack discipline a lot of the time, and - you know - much love to you, but Lib Dems have a reputation for lying - when I was in the Greens any electoral pact suggestions were tempered with "last time we did this the Lib Dems said they'd stand down but didn't"

There was talk about it before the 2019 locals round here (2017 possibly? Round then anyway) but locally it pretty much became 'the Greens are enquiring about whether we'd stand down for them in a couple of places. We tried to have a meet-and-greet with them and then they never actually bothered to call back.'

Wouldn't happen now. The most prominent bloke is an extremely shouty, extremely aggressive, extremely anti-HS2 bloke who's talking about how the whole thing is a massive establishment stitch-up and everyone else is corrupt and even the half of our local branch who are somewhat against HS2 don't actually like him.
 
Mumby's Halloween Special: '...Socialist Government [...] would have to fall back on some kind of Gestapo...'

1940-1945: Winston Churchill (Conservative leading War Government with Labour, Liberal Nationals, Liberals and National Labour)
1945: DISPUTED [Clement Attlee (Labour majority), considered Prime Minister designate, until leadership challenge]
1945-1950: Nye Bevan (Labour)
1945 (Majority) def. Winston Churchill ('National Government' - Conservatives, Liberal Nationals), Herbert Morrison ('Patriotic' Labour), Archibald Sinclair (Liberal)
1950-1957: Anthony Eden (Conservative)
1950 (Anti-Communist Pact with Liberals and Populists) def. Nye Bevan (Labour), Megan Lloyd George (Radical)
1953 (Anti-Communist Pact with Liberals and Populists) def. Nye Bevan (United Front - Labour, Radicals)

1957-1957: Herbert Morrison (Peoples' leading Anti-Communist Pact with Conservatives and Liberals)
1957-1968: Bernard Montgomery (Union)
1958 (Majority) def. Jim Callaghan [replacing Nye Bevan] (United Front - Labour, Radicals)
1963 (Majority) def. Evan Durbin (Labour) [referred to officially as 'The Socialists']
 
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1990-1995:John Major(Conservative)
Def '92:Neil Kinnock(Labour),Paddy Ashdown(Liberal Democrats)
1995-1997:Michael Portillo(Conservative)

1997:John Smith(Labour),Charles Kennedy(Liberal Democrats), Ken Livingston(Democratic Socialist),Alex Salmond(SNP)
1997:Peter Lilley(Conservative)
1997-2001:Kenneth Clarke(Conservative)
2001-2004:Norman Lamont(Conservative)
2002:Angela Eagle(Labour),Charles Kennedy(Liberal Democrats),Diane Abbot(Democratic Socialist),John Swinney(SNP)
2004-2005:David Davis(Conservative)
2005:Peter Hain(Labour),Charles Kennedy(Liberal Democrats),Diane Abbot(Democratic Socialist),Alex Salmond(SNP)

2005-2009:Michael Howard(Conservative)
2009-2010:Gordon Brown(Labour)
2009:Michael Howard(Conservative),Menzies Campbell(Liberal Democrats),Diane Abbot(Democratic Socialist)

2010-2011:Tony Blair(Labour)
2011-2013:Ed Balls(Labour)
2013-2014:David Cameron(Conservative)
2013:Ed Balls(Labour),Vince Cable(Liberal Democrats),Alex Salmond(SNP),Elin Jones(Plaid Cymru),George Galloway(Democratic Socialist)
2014-2015:Boris Johnson(Conservative)
2015-2018:Michael Gove(Conservative)
2018-2020:Jeremy Hunt(Conservative)
2018:Liz Kendall(Labour),Nicola Strugeon(SNP),Ed Davey(Liberal Democrats),Adam Price(Plaid Cymru)

2020-2021:Sajid Javid(Conservative)
 
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Eternal Apocalypse or A Very Dumb ASB List

1996-2000 Constantin Mudava (Independent)

1996 Presidential Election First Round-Ion Iliescu(PDSR),Emil Constantinescu(CDR),Petre Roman(USD)
1996 Presidential Election Second Round-Ion Iliescu(PDSR)
1996 Parliamentary Election-CDR(163),PDSR(118),USD(69),UDMR(36),PRM(23),PUNR(22),PSM(11),ANLE(8),PS(7),PR(7),PPR(4),ULB(4),PNA(4)


2000-2000 Petre Roman (Interimary President,Democratic Party)

2000-2004 Ion Iliescu (Romanian Social Democratic Party,Social Democratic Party after 2001)

2000 Presidential Election First Round-Corneliu Vadim Tudor(PRM),Theodor Stolojan(PNL),Petre Roman(USD),Emil Constantinescu(PNTCD)
2000 Presidential Election Second Round-Corneliu Vadim Tudor(PRM)
2000 Parliamentary Election-PDSR(224),PRM(119),PNL(42),UDMR(41),PD(37),APR(14),PUNR+PNR(7),Reform(1),PNTCD(1)
2004 Parliamentary Election-PSD+PUR+APR(210),PRM(72),PNL(66),UDMR(41),PD(37),PNG-CD(16),PNMSR(10),PNTCD(1)


2004-2005 Lia Roberts † (Independent)
2004 Presidential Election First Round-Adrian Nastase(PSD+PUR+APR),Theodor Stolojan(PNL),Corneliu Vadim Tudor(PRM)
2004 Presidential Election Second Round-Adrian Nastase(PSD+PUR+APR)


2005-2010 Adrian Nastase (Social Democratic Party)
2005 Presidential Election First Round-Calin Popescu Tariceanu(A.D.A),Corneliu Vadim Tudor(PRM),Markó Bela(UDMR)
2005 Presidential Election Second Round-Calin Popescu Tariceanu(A.D.A)
2008 Parliamentary Election-PSD+PC(189),A.D.A(180),UDMR(41),PRM(24),PNG-CD(23),PNMSR(10),PNTCD(1)


2010-2010 Lorin Fortuna (National Rebirth Alliance)
2010 Presidential Election First Round-Adrian Nastase(PSD+PC),Varujan Vosganian(A.D.A),Corneliu Vadim Tudor(PRM)
2010 Presidential Election Second Round-Adrian Nastase(PSD+PC)


2010-2010 Doru Ioan Taracila (Interimary President,Social Democratic Party)
November 2010 Presidential Impeachment Referendum:54% Yes,voting presence 42,78%-INSUFFICIENT VOTING PRESENCE TO BE APPROVED

2010-2011 Lorin Fortuna (National Rebirth Alliance)

2011-2011 Doru Ioan Taracila (Interimary President,Social Democratic Party)

April 2011 Presidential Impeachment Referendum:65,29% Yes,voting presence 51,93%-APPROVED

2011-2012 Pavel Corut (National Rebirth Alliance)
2011 Presidential Election First Round-Mircea Geoana(PSD+PC),Radu Berceanu(A.D.A),Mugur Mihaescu (Taxpayers Coalition)
2011 Presidential Election Second Round-Mircea Geoana(PSD+PC)


2012-2012 Doru Ioan Taracila (Interimary President,Social Democratic Party)
2012 Presidential Impeachment Referendum: 65% Yes,voting presence 51,89%-APPROVED

2012-2017 Crin Antonescu (Truth and Justice Alliance,National Liberal Party after 2014)
2012 Presidential Election First Round-Mircea Geoana(PSD+PC),Dan Diaconescu(ARN),Mugur Mihaescu (Taxpayers Coalition)
2012 Presidential Election Second Round-Mircea Geoana(PSD+PC)
2012 Parliamentary Election-A.D.A(190),PSD+PC(170),UDMR(40),ARN(40),PNG-CD(30),TC(12),PRM(7),PNMRS(7),PNTCD(1)
2016 Parliamentary Election-PSD+UNPR+PC(240),URN(94),UDMR(40),PNL(34),ARD(30),PP-TB(11)


2017-present day Titus Corlatean (Social Democratic Party)
2017 Presidential Election First Round-Mugur Mihaescu (URN),Tudor Chirila(Independent),Ludovic Orban(PNL)
2017 Presidential Election Second Round-Mugur Mihaescu (URN)
2017 Constitutional Referendum:94% Yes,voting presence 35%-APPROVED
2017 Constitutional Referendum Regarding the Death Penalty:81,98% Bring It Back,voting presence 40,75%-APPROVED
2018 Constitutional Referendum Regarding the Origins of Romanians:79,10% Dacian Bloodline,voting presence 29%-APPROVED
2018 Constitutional Referendum Regarding Gender Studies and Sexomarxism,as well as Sex Education and the Teaching of Evolution and Big Bang Theory in state school:81% Ban,94% Ban respectively,voting presence 29,04%-APPROVED

2018 Constitutional Referendum Regarding Banning George Soros and Certain NGO’s:60% For,voting presence 29,10%-APPROVED
2019 Constitutional Referendum Regarding Withdrawing Citizenship From Both Romanians and Minority Group Members For Certain Unlawful Actions:61,39% For, voting presence 28,49%-APPROVED
2019 Constitutional Referendum Regarding Vaccination:59,19% Optional,voting presence 29%-APPROVED
2020 5G Referendum:53% Ban,voting presence 27%-APPROVED
2020 Online Referendum Regarding Mask Wearing and Health Restitutions:60% Against-APPROVED
2020 Online Referendum Regarding Extended Presidential and Government Powers During Times Of Emergency:54% For-APPROVED


Will add footnotes on Saturday/Sunday.
 
ATLF: Halloween, 2020

2021-2023: Joe Biden (D-DE)* / Kamala Harris (D-CA)

2020: Donald Trump (R-FL) / Mike Pence (R-IN)
2023-2024: Kamala Harris (D-CA) / Vacant
2024-2029: Kamala Harris (D-CA) / Doug Jones (D-AL)

2024: Greg Abbott (R-TX) / Daniel Cameron (R-KY)
2029-: Amy Coney Barrett (R-IN) / Kurt Daudt (R-MN)
2028: Amy Klobuchar (D-MN) / Alejandro Padilla (D-CA)

for those keeping score at home
  • Democrats have last held a Senate majority on January 3rd, 2015
  • President Harris' six years in office are the current record for longest term of any President to appoint zero (0) Supreme Court justices
  • If defined to also include all intermittent fighting between the Armistice Agreement and the Evacuation of Seoul, the total duration of the Korean conflict falls midway between the Spanish conquest of Petén and the Eighty Years' War
  • Senator Klobuchar is the third major-party candidate to lose to an opponent with the same forename, previous candidates being John Davis in 1924 and William Jennings Bryan in 1896, 1900, and 1908, and the first Democratic candidate to lose the state of Minnesota since George McGovern in 1972
  • As of the recent election of Anneliese Dodds, of all prime ministers in office this century, a majority (4 of 7) have birthplaces outside of the United Kingdom
  • Some lighter news - with less than two months until release, Avengers: Amalgam is currently projected to gross over one billion dollars, the first and last film released this decade expected to do so
 
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Nottinghamshire Mayors 1992-2004
1992-2000: John Peck (Green Party)

1992 def: Paddy Tipping (Labour), Ed Davey (Liberal Democrat), Martin Brandon-Bravo (Conservative)
1996 def: Richard Alexander (Conservative),
Tim Ball (Liberal Democrat)
2000-2004: Tim Ball (Liberal Democrat)
2000 def: Vernon Coaker (Labour), Fiona Jones (Independent Labour), Richard Alexander (Conservative)
2004-: Nick Palmer (Labour)
2004 def: Anna Sobury (Conservative), Tim Ball (Liberal Democrat)

“The hasty creation of the new Mayoral positions for various County Assemblies in the first year of the Gould Premiership meant that the elections were often rather chaotic. The seeming Tipping slam dunk quickly turned out to not be with the charismatic Green-Left Wing campaign of former Communist councillor John Peck which caused Tipping to be defeated on the first round. The subsequent transferral of Left Wing votes to Peck meant he would become Nottinghamshire’s First Mayor.

Urban Renewal, the creation of the New Nottinghamshire Tram/Train System and the Green 2000 scheme would be fondly remembered elements of Peck’s Mayorship with Peck being considered one of the best Green Mayorships during the oddities of the Gould-Beckett years.

Tim Ball’s subsequent Mayorship (caused by Labour vote splitting) would be remembered as being fairly boring and dull for the most part, though Ball was remembered as being a decent mayor. The Palmer years would be caused by Palmer running a quietly effective campaign becoming Nottinghamshire’s first Labour Mayor after 12 years of fairly odder rule.”
 
John Peck is my favourite British Communist (helps he was a local and not a lunatic), Eric Hobsbawn can suck an egg.
 
Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

1976 - 1979: James Callaghan (Labour)

1979 - 1980: Louis Mountbatten (Emergency Coalition)

1980: Alan Clarke (Emergency Coalition)

1980 - 1985: Enoch Powell (National Unity until 1983, Unionist until 1985)

1985 - 1991: Gerry Fitt (Social Democratic)

1991 - 1996: John Major (Liberty)



Many people count Callaghan as the last Prime Minister, but the Winter Regime continued the pretence that Mountbatten and Clarke after him were carrying on the same democratic office. How much Clarke was even in charge during the last few months of the civil war is unclear.

What remained of the old government fled to Northern Ireland and continued to claim it was led by a Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, but at least the "Prime Minister of Ulster and Hong Kong" was elected: Powell insisted on it. As a man who'd opposed the Winter Regime, a man who backed the Loyalist cause, and a staunch anti-foreigner old Tory, he was able to rise to power and then dominate the National Unity coalition... for a few years. The ongoing Troubles, reactionary social views, and Powell's bad relations with Washington & Brussells would see his government reduced to a Unionist minority. This allowed Fitt's coalition of the left and liberal left to claw its way in, its campaign implicitly saying that Soviet Britain wasn't going anywhere any time soon and it was best to focus on where everyone was living now.

As across the Warsaw Pact, Britain saw a wave of discontent finally sweep the government away in the late 80s and Fitt, to his bemusement, found himself an Irish nationalist now part of British reunification talks. After things were sorted, he was happy to resign (and become the First Minister of Northern Ireland) - and while the resulting election would see Major and his successors still use the term "Prime Minister of the United Kingdom", the abrupt change of monarch to Queen Anne and the huge constitutional change see this counted as a whole new role for a changed nation.
 
Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Britain

1980: Ken Cameron (Roundheads)

1980 - 1987: Arthur Scargill (Coalition of Unions)

1987 - 1988: Johnny Fraser (Coalition of Unions)
[a made-up person]

1988 - 1991: Diane Abbott (Coalition of Unions)

Cameron, the FBU leader at the time, was the accepted "civilian leader" of the "Roundheads" - as the coalition of rebel factions was generally called, whether they wanted to be or not - and so was made Prime Minister until elections could be held. (The name "Prime Minister", while not really accurate, stuck due to cultural weight) He was a negotiator and speech-maker who got the unions to come together, keep the lights on, get the trains moving, and get the shops stocked, at least as much as he could. It was difficult work - post-revolution Britain was an anarchic mess, with thousands still fleeing abroad. Order would take weeks to come in.

Unfortunately for Cameron's plans, order was partially imposed by Britain's new Warsaw Pact "friends" and the election was "steered" towards Scargill, a firebrand with big plans who thought he was a partner to the Soviet Union. His big sweeping reforms to government and the workplace were allowed, but the deliberate creation of national assemblies, a nationwide 'security service', Warsaw Pact 'peacekeepers' to help in 'key areas', banning of the 'wrong' unions - by 1982, it was clear that Scargill was Prime Minister but much of the real power was in the civil service & security apparatus. He became a bitter man, seething in Downing Street at his constraints.

In 1987, as resistance spread, Scargill "resigned" and was replaced by National Constabulary head Johnny Fraser - the security services were now more openly in charge. This proved to be a mistake. Fraser could potentially have held back the dissidents for longer but not when he also had to run civil society, when he had to argue with the unions, when he had to make (bad) speeches for the public. The NC became less coherent in their crackdowns, and the changing government in Moscow sent word down that he was a liability and they had no intention of risking Russian lives for him. The world had changed. Minor politician Diane Abbott found herself catapulted to the big seat to fail, as nobody more senior wanted this job.

Abbott ended up going with the flow and greatly liberalised Britain, which broke open a dam that swept more and more of "Soviet Britain" away. Elections were finally held for real, shaking up the parliaments of the country but leaving Abbott with a public mandate to be leader - but it was clear the communist state would not last. "Glasnost" was held with Fitt's government, and reunification talks began with Abbott & Fitt ruling as a 'diumverate' as the two state's politics, laws, and infrastructure were stitched back together. As the PM was once again party leader and not directly elected, Abbott lost as the Coalition was turfed down for Major's Liberty Party, but statues of Abbott & Fitt were built that stand outside parliament's doors.
 
United in Disunion
Or: A Future Where Mark Drakeford's "Voluntary Association of Nations" Happens.

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (-2023)
Boris Johnson (Conservative) 2019-2022
2019 (maj.): def. Jeremy Corbyn (Labour), Nicola Sturgeon (SNP), Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrats)
Rishi Sunak (Conservative majority) 2022-2023
2023 Northern Ireland border poll: 51.2% Yes

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (2023-2031)
Rishi Sunak (Conservative majority) 2023-2024
Sir Keir Starmer (Labour) 2024-2031
2024 (maj.): def. Rishi Sunak (Conservative), Nicola Sturgeon (SNP), Sir Ed Davey (Liberal Democrats), Nigel Farage (Reform), Jeremy Corbyn (Momentum)
2029 (SNP s&c): def. Liz Truss (Conservative), Humza Yousaf (SNP), Laura Pidcock (Momentum), Sir Ed Davey (Liberal Democrats)
2031 Scottish independence referendum: 53.4% Yes


Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom of England and Wales (2031-2047)
Sir Keir Starmer (Labour minority [informal deals with Momentum and Liberal Democrats]) 2031-2032

Angela Rayner (Labour minority [informal deals with Momentum and Liberal Democrats]) 2032-2034
Suella Braverman (Conservative) 2034-2041
2034 (maj.): def. Angela Rayner (Labour), Laura Pidcock (Momentum), Layla Moran (Liberal Democrats), Sioned Williams (Plaid Cymru)
2039 (maj.): def. Luke Pollard (Labour), Laura Pidcock (Momentum), Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Burnham Group), Heledd Fychan (Plaid Cymru)

Sir Alex Chalk (Conservative) 2041-2046
2041 (maj.): def. Nadia Whittome (Labour), Richard Burgon (Momentum), Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Northern Independence), Jeremy Miles (Welsh Labour), Heledd Fychan (Plaid Cymru), collective leadership (Our London), Loveday Shelburne (Mebyon Kernow)
Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Community Coupon) 2046-2047
2046 (coup. inc. NI, WL, OL, LD): def. Sir Alex Chalk (Conservative), Nadia Whittome (Labour), Heledd Fychan (Plaid Cymru), Loveday Shelburne (Mebyon Kernow), Richard Burgon (Momentum)
2047 Wales independence referendum: 55.1% No
2047 North independence referendum: 89.5% No
2047 Association Referendum: 71.1% Yes


Prime Ministers of the United Association of Britain (2047-)
Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Community Coupon majority) 2047-
 
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Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Community Coupon) 2046-2047
2046 (coup. inc. NI, WL, OL, LD): def. Sir Alex Chalk (Conservative), Nadia Whittome (Labour), Heledd Fychan (Plaid Cymru), Loveday Shelburne (Mebyon Kernow), Richard Burgon (Momentum)
2047 Wales independence referendum: 55.1% No
2047 North independence referendum: 89.5% No
2047 Association Referendum: 71.1% Yes


Prime Ministers of the United Association of Britain (2047-)
Andy Burnham, Lord Burnham of Manchester (Community Coupon majority) 2047-
Municipal Socialism for the 21st Century I guess?
 
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