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Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State

PoD: Joseph Chamberlain, in a particularly peckish mood one morning in 1898, eats far faster than usual and accidentally chokes to death on his sixth piece of toast. Whilst foul play is quickly ruled out, a maid is overheard lamenting of how "He should have chosen the smaller loaf".

...And it very much went on from that note

I love it
 
List of the greatest Presidents since 1945 (compiled by the American Political Science Association)

1: Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican, 1953-1961)
The general who integrated the schools, brought America together with the Interstate Highway System, and oversaw an era of prosperity.

2: Harry S Truman (Democratic, 1945-1953)
The prairie statesman who rebuilt Europe, oversaw the Korean War, and fought for the American worker.

3: Meg Whitman (Republican, 2001-2005 and 2009-2013)
The businesswoman who brought about healthcare reform, pushed for peace in Kashmir, and became a powerful symbol as the first female president.

4: Lyndon B. Johnson (Democratic, 1963-1969)
The wheeler and dealer who built Medicare and Medicaid, pushed Civil Rights through Congress, and blundered America into the Vietnam War.

5: Jack Kemp (Republican, 1993-2001)
The former football star who oversaw the opening of the Soviet Union and the dot-com boom.

6: Gary Locke (Democratic, 2013-)
The incumbent who inaugurated a new era of international trade, balanced the budget, and fought for GLBT rights. Who knows what he'll do next?

7: Reubin Askew (Democratic, 1986-1993)
The honest Governor who brokered democracy in Eastern Europe and brought the economy onto a firm footing.

8: James E. Carter (Democratic, 1977-1981)
The farmer who saw America through economic crisis and pushed for peace abroad.

9: John F. Kennedy (Democratic, 1961-1963)
The martyr who taught America to reach for the stars and stopped the Cuban Missile Crisis from descending into outright war.

10: Gerald R. Ford (Republican, 1974-1977)
The lifelong legislator who brought a measure of stability to America after Watergate.

11: Henry Cisneros (Democratic, 2005-2009)
The former mayor who fought to expand America's housing programs beyond recognition but saw his Presidency ended by scandal.

12: Ronald W. Reagan (Republican, 1981-1985)
The actor who took America further to the right than it had gone in decades.

13: Richard M. Nixon (Republican, 1969-1974)
The politician who brought about détente and ended the war in Vietnam but destroyed American trust in the Presidency for a generation.

14: Gary Hart (Democratic, 1985-1986)
The liberal whose womanizing ways ended his Presidency before it had really begun.
 
List of the greatest Presidents since 1945 (compiled by the American Political Science Association)

1: Dwight D. Eisenhower (Republican, 1953-1961)
The general who integrated the schools, brought America together with the Interstate Highway System, and oversaw an era of prosperity.

2: Harry S Truman (Democratic, 1945-1953)
The prairie statesman who rebuilt Europe, oversaw the Korean War, and fought for the American worker.

3: Meg Whitman (Republican, 2001-2005 and 2009-2013)
The businesswoman who brought about healthcare reform, pushed for peace in Kashmir, and became a powerful symbol as the first female president.

4: Lyndon B. Johnson (Democratic, 1963-1969)
The wheeler and dealer who built Medicare and Medicaid, pushed Civil Rights through Congress, and blundered America into the Vietnam War.

5: Jack Kemp (Republican, 1993-2001)
The former football star who oversaw the opening of the Soviet Union and the dot-com boom.

6: Gary Locke (Democratic, 2013-)
The incumbent who inaugurated a new era of international trade, balanced the budget, and fought for GLBT rights. Who knows what he'll do next?

7: Reubin Askew (Democratic, 1986-1993)
The honest Governor who brokered democracy in Eastern Europe and brought the economy onto a firm footing.

8: James E. Carter (Democratic, 1977-1981)
The farmer who saw America through economic crisis and pushed for peace abroad.

9: John F. Kennedy (Democratic, 1961-1963)
The martyr who taught America to reach for the stars and stopped the Cuban Missile Crisis from descending into outright war.

10: Gerald R. Ford (Republican, 1974-1977)
The lifelong legislator who brought a measure of stability to America after Watergate.

11: Henry Cisneros (Democratic, 2005-2009)
The former mayor who fought to expand America's housing programs beyond recognition but saw his Presidency ended by scandal.

12: Ronald W. Reagan (Republican, 1981-1985)
The actor who took America further to the right than it had gone in decades.

13: Richard M. Nixon (Republican, 1969-1974)
The politician who brought about détente and ended the war in Vietnam but destroyed American trust in the Presidency for a generation.

14: Gary Hart (Democratic, 1985-1986)
The liberal whose womanizing ways ended his Presidency before it had really begun.

That's a really refreshing format, Wolfram :)
 
1912-1920- Robert Todd Lincoln Republican

1948-1951 Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith Republican

1.Son of 16th president Abraham Lincoln wins g.o.p nomination defeats Woodrow Wilson u.s. does not enter w.w.1

use federal troops to fight k.k.k


2.Great grandson of Abraham Lincoln defeats Dewey to win nomination. beats Truman. u.s. doesnit enter Korea.only serves one term decides to retire in 50s. former governor of ilionoise.
 
Presidents of the Second American Republic, ranked from Best to Worst, as decided by polling of the American People:

1 George Washington (Independent, 1789-1797)
The General who won the First Anglo-American War, the father of the nation who set many of the principles of American Governance.
2 William Henry Harrison (Whig, 1837-1845)
The Hero of Tippecanoe who led us into the world stage with his intervention in Canada in the Third Anglo-American War and annexed Texas.
3 Thomas Jefferson (Republican, 1801-1809)
The Third President and Author of the Declaration of Independence, who set the pattern for American Expansion and curved the excesses of the Adams Presidency.
4 William Seward (Whig then Union, 1865-1872††)
The Man who led America through the tumult of the Southron Rebellion and was struck by a stroke just two months before its end, which led to his Union Party project being hijacked by the dual interests of graft and favoritism.
5 Andrew Jackson (Democratic, 1829-1837)
The Hero of New Orleans, considered the first Democratically-elected President who nonetheless became controversial for his actions in the Nullification Crisis of 1832, and his enactment of the Indian Removal Act.
6 Winfield Scott (Whig, 1849-1857)
Old Fuss and Feathers, not particularly remembered, he quietly enacted the Whig Party’s Platform, and attempted to steer the ship of state during the aftermath of the Great European Revolution, successfully keeping America’s Neutrality.
7 James Buchanan (Democratic, 1845-1849)
An unremarkable man, he finished the Mexican War Harrison started, and led the creation of the Rio Bravo Republic; he is also known as being the only Spartan President, albeit not publicly.
8 James Madison (Republican, 1809-1817)
This Fifth President is best known for the Foreign Policy Doctrine that bears his name and for being President during the First Era of Good Feelings.
9 John Adams (Federalist, 1797-1801)
The First Vice President, Adams is known for the controversial Alien and Sedition Acts, and keeping America at peace during her first entanglement with European Affairs during the Quasi-War.
10 Charles Sumner (Whig, 1857-1861)
A dedicated abolitionist whose heavy-handed actions during the Pawnee-Platte Debate saw the Constitutionalist Whigs split from his party under his own Vice President and threw the 1860 Election to the Democrats.
11 James Monroe (Republican, 1817-1825)
The Father of the Constitution, Madison led America into the Second Anglo-American War, which backfired from an easy war and ended with Washington in Flames.
12 Thomas Ewing Jr. (Union, 1872-1881)This General oversaw the dying days of the Southron Rebellion and enacted the Radical Reconstruction his party desired, but in the process, much of the lands he seized in the South went to his friends first before the option was given to Freedmen.
13 John Quincy Adams (Republican, 1825-1829)
The Last Republican President, and the son of the only Federalist one, John Quincy Adams was swept into office on the only House Contingent Election of the Second Republic known as the Corrupt Bargain. His rivalry with Jackson saw his party split between the Democrats and National Republicans.
14 William Tweed (Union, 1881-1893)
William Tweed inherited the burgeoning Political Machine of Ewing and elevated its corruption into an art form, he ushered in the Second Era of Good Feelings, and set the Second Republic on a course it would never recover from.
15 Graham N. Fitch (Democratic, 1861-1865)
A President who tried (unsuccessfully) to navigate the slavery issue in a time of mass upheaval, his failed compromises split his party in much the same way his predecessor had, and doomed America to a nearly seven-year Rebellion and an insurgency nearly as long.
16 Nelson A. Miles (Union, 1893-1910)
And it goes without saying that the bottom of this list is reserved for Nelson Miles, the man who became an American Caudillo, whose abuses of power set the stage for the Second American Revolution and the subsequent American Civil War, the End of the Second Republic, and the Interconstitutional Era.
 
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Interesting-I'd be curious to see a few more details about the PoD and other divergences(are the different outcomes of the Revolutions of 1848 actually what happened, a historiographic difference with OTL, or a divergence caused by American events?)
 
So I assume the First Republic is the revolutionary-era confederation?

I would very much like to see where this goes from here.
That would be correct, it’s just alternate historiography at work.
Interesting-I'd be curious to see a few more details about the PoD and other divergences(are the different outcomes of the Revolutions of 1848 actually what happened, a historiographic difference with OTL, or a divergence caused by American events?)
The PoD(s) are no Great Reform Act/no Queen Victoria, Bismarck dies in his youth, and Harrison wins in 1836. And yes 1848 resulted in a Republican United Germany
 
40.Fess Parker Republican Howard Baker 1981-1989
41. Howard Baker Republican Paul Laxalt 1989-1997

40.

In 1976 Fess parker defeated John Tunney for u.s. senate in California. 4 years later his friend Ronald Reagan former governor of California fell off his horse so Parker came into the race.


41. Howard Baker won election in 1989 narrowly defeated bill Clinton for reelection.
 
analogue

Presidents of the Fifth Republic of Texas

1930–1941: Ross S. Sterling (Democratic Party)
1941–1946: Ernest O. Thompson (Democratic Party)
1946–1946: Charles P. Cabell (Military)
1946–1950: James Allred (Liberal Union)
1950–1950: Charles P. Cabell (Military)
1950–1956: Allan Shivers (People's Party)
1956–1957: Homer P. Rainey (Democratic Party)
1957–1957: Ben Ramsey (People's Party)
1957–1957: James Earl Rudder (Military)
1957–1957: Ralph Yarborough (People's Party)
1957–1957: Edwin Walker (Military)

Fourth Interrepublic Era (Johnson Regime)

1957–1971: Lyndon B. Johnson † (National Union)
1971–1986: Sam S. Johnson (National Union)

Presidents of the Sixth Republic of Texas

1986–1988: Billy Waugh (Military)
1988–1988: Bob Armstrong (Action Party)
1988–XXXX: Billy Waugh (Military)
 
The Greatest Honor History Can Bestow...
[Part 1 of an ongoing series]

1969-1971: Richard M. Nixon ✞/Spiro T. Agnew (Republican) [1]
'68 def. Hubert H. Humphrey/Edmund S. Muskie (Democratic), George C. Wallace/Curtis LeMay (American Independent)
1971-1971: Spiro T. Agnew/Vacant (Republican)
1971-1975: Spiro T. Agnew */John G. Tower (Republican) [2]
'72 def. Edmund S. Muskie/Daniel K. Inouye (Democratic), John Lindsay/scattered (Independent Republican)
1975-1975: John G. Tower/Vacant (Republican)
1975-1976: John G. Tower •/Melvin R. Laird (Republican) [3]​
1976-1976: Melvin R. Laird/Vacant (Republican)
1976-1977: Melvin R. Laird (Republican)/Ellsworth Bunker (Independent) [4]​
1977-1981: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr./James E. Carter (Democratic) [5]
'76 def. Melvin R. Laird/George H. W. Bush (Republican), Wally Hickel/Pete McCloskey (Independent Republican)

[1] Before Richard M. Nixon's tragic death, commentators spoke of the death of John F. Kennedy as a watershed moment, a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
The two certainly had a lot of similarities beyond both running in the 1960 election. Both were big dreamers who left behind unfinished legacies - Kennedy with civil rights and the space program, Nixon with ending the Vietnam War, getting the economy on track, and ratifying the Equal Rights Amendment. Both of them were ready young, with Nixon being elected to the Vice Presidency at 39 and Kennedy being elected to the Presidency at 43. Both of them fought adversity on their way, Kennedy with his health problems and the headwinds of anti-Catholic prejudice and Nixon with his family's modest means. Both of them were staunch anti-communists, foreign policy wonks, strong politicians.
Both of them died tragically, Kennedy shot dead in a Dallas motorcade and Nixon bleeding out on a Bethesda operating table as doctors tried to remove a clot from the President's left leg, a consequence of his chronic phlebitis. Both of them left behind the image of a martyr - Kennedy shot dead by a Communist and Nixon refusing to seek medical attention as he fought to see peace in Vietnam, détente with China and the Soviet Union, and prosperity at home - even as later historians re-evaluate their legacies. Both left tricky situations for their successors, Kennedy with Vietnam and civil rights and Nixon with both of those same things and an economic crisis atop them.
It would be reductionist to call Richard Nixon the Republican Jack Kennedy. But it wouldn't exactly be wrong.

[2] But Spiro Agnew was certainly no Lyndon Johnson. His presidency was white lower-middle-class alienation made manifest, the backlash to the civil rights movement and the welfare state in the hands of a genuine believer rather than someone like Nixon, who wanted to use that anger but didn't share the motives of his voters. Agnew neutered the EPA Nixon had established, closed off the possibility of détente and a Presidential visit to China, tore up plans for desegregation, and tried in vain to stabilize the dollar and keep the good economy of the '60s running into the era of balance-of-payments issues and the Nixon shock. But none of it worked, not really. As the President went into the 1972 election, with Ed Muskie well ahead of him in every poll and Pete McCloskey looking like Agnew's Gene McCarthy (they even sounded similar), a man from the Committee to Re-Elect the President came to his office.
In the end, it wasn't Vietnam that brought Agnew down, with Vietnamization coming at the cost of thousands or millions dead in bombing campaigns and famine and the collapse of the rickety dictatorship that was South Vietnam as the President blocked refugees to save American jobs. It wasn't stagflation, the two-headed giant that stomped on the American economy and destroyed jobs and regional economies even despite Agnew's genuine efforts, causing poverty and crime and sickness and death. It wasn't the bribes he took in Maryland or in Washington, or even the blackmailed journalists courtesy of CREEP and the Plumbers who covered them up. It wasn't the subversion of the Muskie campaign or the engineered shambles of the Lindsay campaign.
No, it was Greece. Agnew hadn't started the Papadopoulos dictatorship, but even under Nixon he had openly supported it and met with its leaders. And when he became President, he backed Papadopoulos - until he seemed weak, at which point he backed a coup against him, "like Kennedy did to Diem". And after all the blood - of the students of Greece's universities, of the purged naval officers, of the dissidents and poets hauled into the police headquarters on Bouboulina Street and the ESA facilities - America had enough, especially after Vietnam.
Mark Hatfield and George McGovern got together again to put forward another resolution demanding the US get out of Greece. When Agnew blithely ignored it, Congress dusted off the articles of impeachment left from Wright Patman's failed attempt. Agnew fought to the bitter end, but only served to alienate more and more of his former supporters. In the end, he did go quietly.

[3] The Presidency of John Tower was a curious one. One of the earliest Republicans in the South to reach high office, and one of the few Southern politicians of his generation not to openly race-bait - but also a key opponent of the Civil Rights Act. An intellectual, who came from academia and brought Savile Row suits and a thoroughgoing Anglophilia with him from the London School of Economics.
But by 1975, he was less well-known for his record, an undistinguished one of conservatism and support for more military spending, and better-known for his slow collapse over the course of his Vice Presidency, turning to drink and perhaps to corruption. Maybe it started with the divorce. Or maybe the pressure of knowing that history would not regard Spiro Agnew's #2 well got to him. But by the time he was inaugurated, John Tower was not considered a respectable enough figure to steer the ship of state through the impeachment of a sitting president.
Many people wanted him to resign immediately. Tower himself, perhaps, wanted to resign immediately. But that would have put Tip O'Neill, the Speaker who leapfrogged over Carl Albert and Hale Boggs to win his office specifically promising to impeach Agnew, in office. And to a restive nation and a party afraid that Agnew would start hollering about a coup, making O'Neill or the Democrats who supported him look like it was a simple matter of self-interest or a partisan power-grab was simply not acceptable.
So over the winter of 1975 - as the Ioannides regime retrenched in the hopes of becoming "Franco on the Aegean", as a Falangist coup against the new King of Spain devolved into another Civil War, as Indira Gandhi's seizure of power in India came to a bloody end and the alliance of convenience between traditionalists and Marxists had to be negotiated, as Chairman Mao's health declined more and more - the government of the United States was focused on negotiating an end to its own crisis of leadership.

[4] Melvin Laird was not the top choice to resolve those problems. Secretary of Defense under Nixon and part of Agnew's term, he had backed the Agnew Doctrine, though he had chosen to leave the Cabinet after the 1972 election. But he was a Nixonite without the baggage of most other Nixonites, and that seemed to count for something at least.
His presidency was one focused on putting out fires. The Spanish debacle saw American recognition of the royalists - any Americans concerned about the lack of democracy were mollified by the fact that the other options were Francoites and Marxists - but no direct aid, and pressure more towards bringing the parties to the negotiating table than anything else. Such was the Laird Doctrine, and it paid dividends - Nixon's old Secretary of State, William P. Rogers, became a national hero in Namibia for brokering South African recognition and withdrawal in the São Paulo Accords, while the Chinese leadership crisis ended with no aggressive actions, at the very least. Some saw the hand of the CIA in the new Indian constitution, with the Hindustani Federation built on nationalist and liberal lines and little influence from Sundarayya's input, but open intervention (or even the hint thereof) was out of style.
It seemed like that would be it for the Laird administration, and for the Republican Party's 8-year spell in government. Laird had ruled out running for the nomination, and after a spirited campaign, another Nixon loyalist who had gotten out while the going was good - former Texas Governor and "Democrat for Nixon" John Connally - was in the hot seat. After Agnew and Tower, Connally was considered the inevitable loser, but he was likely to at least give a respectable performance. Immediately to his left was Wally Hickel, yet another former Cabinet member but one who had resigned in protest even before Nixon's death, running as an "Independent Republican" to return the party to its Eisenhowerian roots - his running mate was former primary candidate Pete McCloskey, fired up enough by Agnew's abuses of power to run against him in '72 and ratfucked out of his House seat in retaliation only to come back as an independent two years later. And next over from there was Arthur Schlesinger, already the anointed inevitable 41st President, the court historian of Camelot who ran as a sort of appeal to the better angels of the American nature, or of the heavenly choir of public opinion that, in Schattschneider's immortal words, "sings with a prominent upper-class accent." It was all laid out so neatly - Laird would retire as a statesman without having to seek approval from the voters or spend time campaigning, and American politics would return to normalcy.
Except that Connally went down over milk money (of all the things), and the Republican National Convention nominated Laird after a messy panic. As Laird criss-crossed the country - on a reversion-to-the-mean economic bounce from the Agnew years, and looking into a bright future. Laird could almost believe he would win.

[5] But instead, it was Arthur Schlesinger. A historian and the son of a historian, the dorky-looking academic and critic of the "imperial presidency" seemed like a safe pair of hands. On a platform of making the United States less of a hegemon and more the "first among equals" of the free world through diplomacy and trade, of bringing about peace at the home front through a renewed War on Poverty, of pushing to bring minorities into a common American identity through demanding both tolerance from the majority and assimilation from minorities, of stopping the inflationary spiral that was just beginning in 1976, and most of all of bringing the power of the Presidency under control, Schlesinger won a solid majority of the popular vote and a borderline landslide in the Electoral College.
How did it go so wrong? Part of it was Schlesinger's inexperience with government. He had seen it, but from the outside, and he staffed his administration primarily with academics - though sometimes, as with Secretary of the Treasury John Kenneth Galbraith, they turned out to be competent and on-the-ball, other times that very much did not happen, as with Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Lewis Mumford. Often the flaw was not merely that the academics were out of touch but that they sought to fit humans into their models rather than fitting the models against actual humans - new Secretary of Energy Alvin Weinberg, in alliance with Vice President Jimmy Carter, responded to the outcry over nuclear power after a partial meltdown at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant near South Bend, Indiana, by pushing to make nuclear construction less subject to public pressure.
And often the problem was conventional wisdom. "Schlesinger", a later historian wrote, "had seemingly come to the conclusion, after decades of studying government, that the possibilities of government were limited to a really quite narrow space." He talked a big game about peace abroad, but when the Republican Party quietly torpedoed negotiations over the Panama Canal, he let Richard Holbrooke talk him into an unexpectedly bloody and contentious "intervention" there aimed at deposing Roberto Díaz. He talked about a renewed War on Poverty, but that turned out to largely just mean tax credits on new housing and more funding for school lunches. And the only part of his cultural agenda that passed, restricting immigration, was the only part palatable to the right wing.
It was no surprise that Noam Chomsky, who had been criticizing Schlesinger for a decade and a half, announced he would be running as a third-party candidate. It wasn't much of one when Frank Church announced a primary run against Schlesinger - Church had been a critic of the administration ever since it had become clear how many of Schlesinger's promises were hollow. When Ted Kennedy very pointedly refused to endorse Schlesinger's re-election, that raised a few eyebrows. Then Church nearly won the primary in New Hampshire and did win the primary in Wisconsin, then Schlesinger didn't clinch the nomination until Pennsylvania against Church and a last-minute push by former Texas governor Ben Barnes. The campaign rallied a little after the conventions - Schlesinger defeated his robotic opposite number, Illinois Senator Donald Rumsfeld, there, and then even received a bit of an October Surprise when a memorandum from Rumsfeld's service in Treasury under Laird surfaced in which he plotted to deliberately overheat the economy to try to win the 1976 election.
It wasn't enough, not nearly. Schlesinger hadn't even won his first state before crucial victories in Illinois, Pennsylvania, and New York pushed Rumsfeld over the edge - in the end, he was limited to Minnesota, Hawaii, and DC. But the final ignominy came when the Electoral College voted. Thanks to a shock win by Noam Chomsky in Massachusetts and two faithless electors in Hawaii, Schlesinger didn't even have the honor of placing second in the electoral vote.
 
Something I threw together over a few hours. I hope you enjoy reading it, and I'll try to answer any comments/questions/concerns you have.

The Kingfish in the High Castle

1933-1937 - John Nance Garner (D-TX) / Vacant*
1932 - def. Herbert Hoover (R-CA) / Charles Curtis (R-KS)
1937-1949 - Huey Long (National Populist-LA) / Charles Lindbergh (NP-NJ)
1936 - def. Alf Landon (R-KS) / William Borah (R-ID), John Nance Garner (D-TX) / Cordell Hull (D-TN)
1940 - def. Cordell Hull (D-TN) / William Bankhead (D-AL), Arthur Vandenburg (R-MI) / Charles L. McNary (R-OR)
1944 - def. John W. Bricker (R-OH) / Harold Stassen (R-MN), Henry Wallace (D-IA) / Harry S. Truman (D-MO)

1949-1953 - Huey Long (NP-LA) / Douglas MacArthur (NP-NY)
1948 - def. Thomas Dewey (R-NY) / Earl Warren (R-CA), Alben Barkley (D-KY) / William Douglas (D-MN), Strom Thurmond (Dixiecrat-South Carolina) / Fielding Wright (DX-MS)
1953-1964 - Douglas MacArthur (NP-NY) / Richard Nixon (NP-CA)
1952 - def. Adlai Stevenson (D-IL) / Hubert Humphrey (D-MN), Robert Taft (R-OH) / William Knowland (R-CA), Strom Thurmond (DX-SC) / John Sparkman (DX-AL)
1956 - def. Adlai Stevenson (D-IL) / Estes Kefauver (D-TN), William Knowland (R-CA) / Christian Herter (R-MA), Strom Thurmond (DX-SC) / Harry F. Byrd (DX-VA)
1960 - def. John F. Kennedy (D-MA) / Stuart Symington (D-MO), Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (R-MA) / Nelson Rockefeller (R-NY), Strom Thurmond (DX-SC) / Harry F. Byrd (DX-VA)

1964 - Richard Nixon (NP-CA) / Vacant
1964-1969 - Richard Nixon (NP-CA) / Billy Graham (NP-NC)

1964 - def. Barry Goldwater (R-AZ) / William Miller (R-NY), Hubert Humphrey (D-MN) / Sam Yorty (D-CA), George Wallace (DX-AL) / Strom Thurmond (DX-SC)
1969-1973 - Robert Kennedy (D-NY) / Eugene McCarthy (D-MN)
1968 - def. Richard Nixon (NP-CA) / Billy Graham (NP-NC), Nelson Rockefeller (R-NY) / George Romney (R-MI), George Wallace (DX-AL) / Curtis LeMay (DX-CA)
1973-1977 - Robert Kennedy (D-NY) / George McGovern (D-SD)
1972 - def. Richard Nixon (NP-CA) / Spiro Agnew (NP-MD), George Romney (R-MI) / Howard Baker (R-TN), George Wallace (DX-AL) / John Schmitz (DX-CA)
1977-1981 - Billy Graham (NP-NC) / Ronald Reagan (Conservative-CA)
1976 - def. George McGovern (D-SD) / Sargent Shriver (D-MD), Bob Dole (R-KS) / Gerald Ford (R-MI)
1980 - def. George H.W. Bush (R-TX) / John Anderson (R-IL), Ted Kennedy (D-MA) / Jerry Brown (D-CA)

1981 - Ronald Reagan (C-CA) / Vacant
1981-1989 - Ronald Reagan (C-CA) / George H.W. Bush (R-TX)

1984 - def. John Glenn (D-OH) / Gary Hart (D-CO), various (NP)
1989-1993 - George H.W. Bush (R/C-TX) / Howard Baker (R/C-TN)
1988 - def. Jesse Jackson (D-IL) / Joe Biden (D-DE), various (NP)
1993-2001 - Ross Perot (NP-TX) / James Stockdale (NP-CA)
1992 - def. George H.W. Bush (R-TX) / Howard Baker (R-TN), Pat Buchanan (C-VA) / Newt Gingrich (C-GA), Bill Clinton (D-AR) / Paul Tsongas (D-MA)
1996 - def. Mario Cuomo (D-NY) / Al Gore (D-TN), Pat Buchanan (C-VA) / Newt Gingrich (C-GA), Bob Dole (R-KS) / Jack Kemp (R-NY)

2001-2009 - Ross Perot (NP-TX) / John McCain (NP-AZ)
2000 - def. Alan Keyes (R-MD) / John Kasich (R-OH), Al Gore (D-TN) / Joseph Liebermann (D-CN), George W. Bush (C-TX) / Dick Cheney (C-WY)
2004 - def. Elizabeth Dole (R-KS) / Steve Forbes (R-NJ), John Kerry (D-MA) / Howard Dean (D-VT), Dick Cheney (C-WY) / Donald Rumsfeld (C-IL)

2009-2017 - John McCain (NP-AZ) / Charles Baldwin (NP-FL)
2008 - def. Ralph Nader (Reform-CN) / Mike Gravel (RF-AK), Barack Obama (D-IL) / Bill Richardson (D-NM), Mitt Romney (R-MA) / Ron Paul (R-TX), Donald Rumsfeld (C-IL) / Rudy Giuliani (C-NY)
2012 - def. Ralph Nader (RF-CN) / Bernie Sanders (RF-VT), Paul Ryan (R-WI) / Herman Cain (R-GA), Rudy Giuliani (C-NY) / Jim Gilmore (C-VA), Hillary Clinton (D-NY) / Tom Vilsack (D-IA)

2017- - Donald Trump (RF-NY) / Bernie Sanders (RF-VT)
2016 - def. Charles Baldwin (NP-FL) / Ben Carson (NP-MI), Jeb Bush (R-FL) / Rand Paul (R-KY)

* - Although Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected president in the 1932 election, his assassination on February 15, 1933 prevented his ascension to the primary. Garner, the Vice-President elect, would be the one to become president on March 4.
 
Washing Machine Heart

Offices held by Marshal Yan Xishan

1909–1911: New Army, Division Commander
1911–1913: Tongmenghui, Military Governor of Shanxi Province
1913–1916: Progressive, Military Governor of Shanxi Province
1916–1931: Independent, Military Governor of Shanxi Province
1931–1936: Kuomintang, Chairman of the Government of Shanxi Province
1932–1934: Kuomintang, Commissioner for Pacification of the Northwest
1933–1934: Kuomintang, Minister of War of the Republic of China
1934–1936: Kuomintang, Vice-Premier of the Republic of China
1936: Kuomintang, candidate for the Presidency of the Republic of China
1936: Tan Yankai (KMT – United Front), Chen Mingshu (NPP – United Front), Yan Xishan (KMT)
1936–1939: Independent, Chairman of the Government of Shanxi Province
1936–1945: Chairman of the Patriotic Self-Sacrifice League
1939–1939: Independent, Chairman of the Government of National Defence of the Republic of China
1939–1960: Save China Union, President of the Republic of China
1954–1957: Secretary-General of the Association of Sovereign Asian Nations

Presidents of the Republic of China

1923–1924: Cao Kun (Zhili Clique)
1924–1931: Wu Peifu (Zhili Clique)
1931–1936: Liao Zhongkai (KMT – United Front)
1936–1936: Tan Yankai † (KMT – United Front)
1936–1939: Wang Jingwei (KMT – United Front)
1939–1939: Zhang Zhizhong (National Revolutionary Army)
1939–1939: Li Liejun (National Revolutionary Army)
1939–1960: Yan Xishan (Save China Union)
1940–1944: Qi Xieyuan † (Association for the Development of a New China)

Write-up TBD
 
Kings of England
1042-1066: Edward II (of Wessex)
1066-1067: Harold II (of Godwin)
1067-1074: Harald III 'Hardrada' (Yngling)
1074-1114: Magnus 'One-Eye' (Yngling)
1114-1137: Haakon 'the Merry' (Yngling)

Kings of England in a world based on my CK2 game as Harald Hardrada. William is killed at Hastings, and Harald defeats Harold and effectively recreates the North Sea Empire. (Edward is not The Confessor because he isn't canonized)
 
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TLDR: William H. Murray is America's de Valera, the Soviet Union is less authoritarian, and Comrade Cripps teams up with the People's King

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Harding lives, but his continuing health problems and personal scandals lead to his retirement, making him the first president since Rutherford B. Hayes. Despite the candidacies of Herbert Hoover, Hiram Johnson, and Charles Evans Hughes, the nomination is taken by "man of the people" Henry Ford. The captain of industry forms an alliance with the Ku Klux Klan to defeat the papalist Al Smith, who only wins four deep Southern states. Ford's administration follows a similar path of laissez-faire economics as Coolidge IOTL, though the presence of the Klan within the Republican Party stalls any attempts at civil rights legislation.

On schedule, the Depression hits America hard. Ford's inability to work with Congress worsens the crisis, giving a landslide victory to the Wilsonian Democratic and WWI planner Newton Baker. Tragically, he is killed by an alternate Zangara and Alfalfa Bill takes over the country. After a failed coup attempt, the new president tests the limits of democracy as Congress grants him authorization to rule by decree, the Supreme Court is packed with conservative justices, and excessive force is used in the "War on Crime." Murray's administration ends up being more Gabriel Over the White House than FDR. After a Wilsonian pacifist campaign in 1940 in which Murray won the closest race of his presidency, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor offers Murray a chance to use his powers to the fullest extent. Murray's chief ally in the media, William Randolph Hearst, is notably able to discredit Orson Welles' attacks on the yellow journalism mogul. The mass mobilization of American forces lifts the nation out of its economic issues and gives a great propaganda victory over Germany and Japan.

In his last two terms, Murray was able to maintain his grip on power despite stronger allies like Harry F. Byrd giving support to the Republicans. The administration brutally put down mass strikes and civil rights protesting, leading to downballot Democrats proclaiming their party to be the one of order over tyranny. Still, Murray increasingly had to give way to liberals like Lester C. Hunt and the continuing insurgency in South Japan proved highly divisive. When the president died at the age of 86, though, the country was highly mournful for its conservative savior through the Great Depression and World War II.

The October Surprise of new Hunt's son being arrested for soliciting a male prostitute killed any remaining hopes of the Democrats winning reelection. The great American war hero George Patton expanded on Ford and Taft's attempts to win Republican support down South. Without the white nationalist Murray on the ticket, Patton could sweep the South after Shivers led a great exodus from the party. Patton's presidency used scorched earth tactics to put down the last Japanese holdouts, launched interventions into Latin America with various success, and supported a colonial foreign policy. At home, Patton offered a more progressive conservative approach intended to shed the Republican image of supporting unregulated capitalism. Patton died in 1963 due to the stress of a world war and leading the nation.

As opposed to his two heroic predecessors, Shivers' administration is widely viewed much more negatively due to the generational shift and division during his time in office. Several of his cabinet secretaries and political associates were later prosecuted for corruption, and his highly conservative economic agenda reversed the growth of the late 1950s. Due to declining economic opportunities, the post-WWII baby boomers grew dismayed at their government, wanting to end the highly conservative culture of their parents. After their fall during World War II, the trade unionist movement rebirthed.

The new left turned to an outspoken Congressman named John Rarick, who promoted a pacifist foreign policy abroad while pledging to go after enemies of the working class. A new coalition was built by Rarick, one that combined a left-libertarian counterculture with traditional social conservatives in the name of Murray. Shivers was seen as an antiquated figure of the past who was responsible for stagflation. Despite maintaining the conservative social structures of his predecessors, the president's policies have largely been satisfying to his base. Many are happy that the Klan has replaced drafted federal troops in enforcing segregation in Dixieland, and union loot has come home to working class families. Polls give him a strong lead over potential Republican rivals like William A. Rusher or A. Linwood Holton.

1921-1925: Warren G. Harding / Calvin Coolidge (Republican)
1920 def. James M. Cox / Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic), Eugene V. Debs / Seymour Stedman (Socialist)
1925-1933: Henry Ford / Charles B. Warren (Republican)
1924 def. Al Smith / Jonathan M. Davis (Democratic), Robert La Follette / Burton K. Wheeler (Progressive)
1928 def. Al Smith / Lewis Stevenson (Democratic)

1933-1933: Newton Baker / William H. Murray (Democratic)
1932 def. Henry Ford / Charles B. Warren (Republican), Norman Thomas / James H. Maurer (Socialist)
1933-1937: William H. Murray / Vacant (Democratic)
1937-1953: William H. Murray / Paul V. McNutt (Democratic)
1936 def. Henry Ford / C. Douglass Buck (Republican)
1940 def. Theodore Roosevelt Jr. / Arthur Vandenberg (Republican)
1944 def. Lester J. Dickinson / Earl Warren (Republican)
1948 def. Robert A. Taft / Harold Stassen (Republican)

1953-1956: William H. Murray / Lester C. Hunt (Democratic)
1952 def. Robert A. Taft / William Knowland (Republican)
1956-1957: Lester C. Hunt / Vacant (Democratic)
1957-1963: George Patton / Allan Shivers (Republican)
1956 def. Lester C. Hunt / Robert F. Wagner Jr. (Democratic)
1960 def. Johnston Murray / LeRoy Collins (Democratic)

1963-1965: Allan Shivers / Vacant (Republican)
1965-1973: Allan Shivers / Norris Cotton (Republican)
1964 def. Walter Reuther / Orville Freeman (Democratic)
1968 def. James Gavin / Don Edwards (Democratic)

1973-0000: John Rarick / Karl Hess (Democratic)
1972 def. Allan Shivers / Norris Cotton (Republican)

My boi Petrichenko waits until the ice melts to launch the Kronstadt rebellion, leading to a much more successful mutiny against the Bolsheviks. Lenin is even more scared than IOTL, leading to him accepting a scaled back version of the sailors’ demands. With Stalin being killed in the Polish-Soviet War, Trotsky takes over following Lenin’s death. His leadership is marred by infighting between the various factions in the USSR, and the issue of them being united in hating Trotsky. In 1926, an alliance between the right and center removes him from power. While initially seen as a transitional figurehead, Krupskaya rises above to be a strong leader herself. The NEP is modified to be more in line with Bukharin‘s proposals; successfully industrializing the country without the Stalinist forced collectivization. To many in the party, its transition was too gradual and not socialist enough, but Krupskaya skillfully played with the various factions to maintain her hold on power.

Upon the death of Krupskaya, the leftist libertarian Victor Serge won a power struggle. While interested in domestic affairs, an economic recovery and political events in Europe take greater importance. After the military defeats of Poland and France to Nazi Germany, Serge quickly takes Romania’s oil reserves, Hitler’s greatest fear. In autumn 1942, the Soviets launch an invasion of the German. Nazi Germany remained largely powerless to stop the Soviet offensive, especially as the Western Allies launched an invasion of France to return de la Roque to Paris.

In the post-WWII peace, the Soviet sphere of influence stretches to the UN buffer zone of the Rhineland. The alliance between the CCP and KMT continues, securing the peace in China. The major world powers - the USA, USSR, Britain, France, China, and Brazil were intended to take on the role of the Global Policemen and disarm oppressive states. While the United States and France often acted on their own, collaboration between the other allies was effective in enforcing the right of self-determination. While Serge's leadership is best remembered for being a period of libertarianism, the military often used force to put down opposition. The Soviet backed government of North Japan followed a policy of anti-Japanesism, which has been compared to cultural genocide by foreign observers. Today, the Japanese language in the North uses a Latin script (like the various Soviet Socalist Republic) and much of the country's militarist past has been destroyed. In 1947, a loose German Volksbund is established with Gustav Regler as head of state.

Serge died in 1953. A great succession crisis broke out, where the right-wing factions won out. Despite fears of Bonapartism, the war hero Georgy Zhukov took over the country. Zhukov's time in office was dedicated to improving relations with foreign powers and maintain the status quo domestically. Despite the latter's reputation as a warmonger, Zhukov and Patton bonded due to their shared wartime experiences. Much like Krupskaya in the 1930s, Zhukov remained in power due to his position as a national hero and effective political compromiser. Zhukov's term saw the independence of the UN Mandate of the Rhineland into the neutral Rhenish State, keeping distance away from the Eastern and Western spheres of influence. The USSR also supported left-wing governments in Latin America and Africa, often earning the ire of the United States. Zhukov also opened up the Union to the Western world, establishing ties with the France's non-aligned government following the Croix-de-Feu's fall from power.

Upon the death of Zhukov, one of his sharpest critics ascended to the presidency. Medvedev had emerged as the leader of a reinvigorated left-wing faction of the party, proposing that the way to return to the era of exponential growth was to move past the status quo of the Marshall. The dated Soviet bureaucracy was replaced and more offices were elected by a democratic vote. While in power for less than a year, Medvedev promises to offer a new generation of communist leadership.

1917-1924: Vladimir Lenin (Communist)
1924-1926: Leon Trotsky ('Left' Communist)
1926-1939: Nadezhda Krupskaya ('Center' Communist)
1939-1953: Victor Serge ('Left' Communist)
1953-1974: Georgy Zhukov ('Right' Communist)
1974-0000: Roy Medvedev ('Left' Communist)

King George V accepts MacDonald's resignation and a new election is held, with no National Government formed. Without the split in the Labour and Liberal parties, the opposition is much stronger through Baldwin's ministry. When the abdication crisis hits, Edward remains stubborn and has the public behind him. Cripps skillfully uses this opportunity to divide the Tories in two, as his alliance with Churchill and Lloyd George gives him a strong majority. Edward is able to marry Wallis Simpson, upsetting royal traditionalists but proving the power of public opinion. When war breaks out with Germany, Cripps and the King stand side by side in proclaiming a populist war. Even when France was forced to flee to Algiers, the will of the people was behind continuing the war and against the defeatist Lloyd George. Cripps uses the war to promote a great restructuring of the British economy, the establishment of India as a Royal Dominion, and forming a strong partnership with the Soviet Union. After the USSR's entry into the war, a second front is opened with France. By 1944, the war is over in Europe, leaving the United Nations to finish off Japan by Easter 1945.

Cripps, emboldened as the savior of democracy and the British economy, is seen as a larger-than-life personal hero to this day. Cripps' electoral victory in 1945 was the largest in British history, as the Tories were still divided over Wallis Simpson. Cripps used his post-war government to promote nationalization of major industries, co-operative ownership, and a welfare state. His successors continued the Crippsian Consensus, with Donald Johnson's Radical Democratic government promoting a free-market yet socially liberal agenda. His austerity measures and anti-collectivist thoughts proved unpopular, and Platts-Mills returned to power, serving until the death of the People's King. The charismatic Dell came to power on a promise to promote free trade, integrate with Europe, and stop trade union unrest. The first non-Labour majority government since 1936 hopes to prevent Britain from abandoning the free market. Dell's manifesto of ethical capitalism will face challenges, especially as the relatively young Platts-Mills begins to regret his retirement.

1929-1931: Ramsay MacDonald (Labour)
1929 (Minority) def. Stanley Baldwin (Conservative), David Lloyd George (Liberal)
1931-1936: Stanley Baldwin (Conservative)
1931 (Majority) def. Ramsay MacDonald (Labour), David Lloyd George (Liberal)
1935 (Majority) def. Arthur Henderson (Labour), David Lloyd George (Liberal)

1936-1952: Stafford Cripps (Labour)
1936 (Anti-Abdication Coupon with Independent Conservatives & Liberals) def. Stanley Baldwin (Pro-Abdication Coupon), Harry Pollitt (CPGB)
1940 (Coupon of Victory for the People’s King) def. David Lloyd George (Peace Alliance)
1945 (Majority) def. Winston Churchill (Cavalier), Leo Amery (Conservative), Violet Bondham Carter (Liberal), Harry Pollitt (CPGB)
1950 (Majority) def. Duff Cooper (Cavalier), Fredrick Marquis (Conservative), Phillip Fothergill (Liberal), Harry Pollitt (CPGB)

1952-1959: Aneurin Bevan (Labour)
1955 (Majority) def. Donald Johnson (Radical Democratic), Duff Cooper (Cavalier), Harry Pollitt (CPGB)
1959-1960: John Platts-Mills (Labour majority)
1960-1965: Donald Johnson (Radical Democratic)
1960 (Coalition) def. John Platts-Mills (Labour), Gwilym Lloyd George (Cavalier), Harry Pollitt (CPGB)
1965-1972: John Platts-Mills (Labour)
1965 (Majority) def. Donald Johnson (Radical Democratic), Duncan Sandys (Cavalier), Jack Dash (CPGB)
1970 (Majority) def. Reggie Maudling (Radical Democratic), Airey Neave (Cavalier), Jack Dash (CPGB)

1972-1974: Harold Lever (Labour majority)
1974-0000: Edmund Dell (Radical Democratic)
1974 (Majority) def. Harold Lever (Labour), John Stokes (Cavalier), Pat Jordan (CPGB)
 
1996-2001: Philip Green (Nonpartisan)
1996 def. Eric Pickles (SUP), Robert Kilroy-Silk (Democratic), George Galloway (Independent), David Armstrong-Jones-Windsor (Royalist)
2001-2002: John Scarlett (United Britannia)
2002-2007: Adair Turner (The Rose)
2002 def. John Scarlett (United Britannia), Shirley Williams (SUP), George Galloway (One People), Robert Kilroy-Silk (Democratic)
2007-2017: John Scarlett (United Britannia)
2007 def. Robert Kilroy-Silk (Democratic), Eric Pickles (SUP), Adair Turner (The Rose), Abu Hamza (One People)
2012 def. Mark Littlewood (National Future), Jack Straw (SUP), Alan Sugar (Independent), George Galloway (People Power)

2017-0000: Mark Francois (United Britannia)
2017 def. Philip Green (Independent), Robert Kilroy-Silk (Democratic), Clive Lewis (2020 Vision: The New Socialists), Annunziata Rees-Mogg (Independent), Heidi Allen (The Rose)

Since the collapse of the Commonwealth of Socialist Republics in 1995, the English Federation has been a unitary Presidential republic dominated by the United Britannia party. Formed in 1997 to support independent liberal nationalist president Philip Green, United Britannia began as a centrist pro-reunification party, which opposed the breakup of Great Britain into three Anglo-Welsh, Scottish and Irish states. The party saw the beginning of a long-term, if delayed, political hegemony when former intelligence officer, SSA chief, and Prime Minister John Scarlett assumed office as President on President Green's resignation over a series of major sex and financial scandals. Over the last 22 years it has drifted sharply to the right, beginning during John Scarlett's term as PM and his campaign to put down the insurgency in North Wales (1999-2001) and seeing its culmination in the 2007 Presidential Election campaign when Scarlett shifted sharply rightwards to attract conservative nationalists otherwise attracted to the Democrats or the remnants of the SUP in order to defeat the Liberal and Social Democratic 'The Rose' in the wake of the 2006-7 financial crisis.

In his long tenure as President and, since 2017, Prime Minister, Scarlett has pursued a hardline foreign and domestic policy, fighting back against the oligarchic class represented by his predecessor Green, and projecting English power abroad. His sponsoring of the breakaway Republic of Ulster in Northern Ireland and the descent of England's western rival into civil war and insurgency as a result has earned international condemnation but it, like the sponsorship and provision of arms to Anglophile secessionist militias in Scotland, has faced no serious repercussions. With Britain playing a vital role as a balancing power in the rivalry between the USA and EF, it has been able to carve out a sphere of influence in the north Atlantic . Many fear that Iceland or the Netherlands may soon be the next targets of Scarlet's expansionism, though this would potentially be a step too far. Of more concern to many is England's increasing influence over the right-wing governments of EF members Padania, Catalonia, and Sicily, and its ties to the irredentist regimes in Russia and the former UAR

The domestic political situation, however, is not nerarly so secure. In 2017 Francois, who is likely holding office as a placeholder before Scarlett runs again in 2022, was humiliated when he only narrowly defeated Philip Green's quixotic campaign for a comeback. Had Mark Littlewood's libertarian and pro-democracy National Future party been allowed to stand, a far more openly fraudulent electoral outcome would have been likely, though UB would almost certainly have retained power. Likewise, as more and more ardent nationalists turn to Kilroy-Silk for an ever harder line, and as the SUP's reconstituted vehicle surges amongst a suffering working class, the era of one party domination seems fragile. Nevertheless, few commentators expect Scarlett to lose if he does stand in 2022. His control of the BBC, the ITN, the major newspapers and the major steel and coal companies, and his ties to both the SSA and a subdued oligarchic class make his continued political domination of England almost certain. The only threat to RB is that Scarlett might outgrow it, and seek a new party even more centred on the execution of his whims.
 
A very interesting mixture of different kinds of aaaaaaaa.

How democratic is the Soviet Union, and how is their relationship with Crippsist Britain?
Think something like Cuba’s system but with more power to the elected assembly. Trade unions also are able to hold weight over the government. Cripps established deep ties to the Soviets, but on many issues the UK still sides with America.
 
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