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Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State

With three days left to the list challenge I guess I should ask what people's thoughts are on the submissions? And if we should do another come come Wednesday.
I enjoyed them, but as a literal idiot I figured I'd stay out and wait 'til the next challenge.
 
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Presidents of the Californian Union

Tácito Reyes (Media California) 1997-2005
Reyes was the first duly-elected ceremonial President of the Californian Union, being the previous "Conciliator" of the Californian Community. He was of the Liberal Action Party, one that advocated economic liberalism and civic libertarianism, and he generally did a fair job as President, being re-elected for a second term by the Assembly uncontested. Known for his love of sharp suits and his generally lengthy speeches, he's remembered positively, that is when people do remember him.

Dorita Ventura (Cahuilla) 2005-2009
President Ventura was from Cahuilla, and many feared that the economic powerhouse would dominate the rest of the Californian Union. Indeed, Jiujinshan often had politicians that fear-mongered "Cahuillanos coming to make us their puppet and end our Chinese culture". Ventura was known as an arch-conservative and often clashed with the few LGBT people in Californian politics. In the end, this cultural warrior and devout Catholic proved too divisive, and that's on top of her being a Cahuillana.

Yu Jia (Jiujinshan) 2009-2013
California's first, and as of 2039, only, Mandarin-speaking President. Yu was a sincere pro-Californian politician who led Jiujinshan's Reform-Passion party for 10 years before being elected President. Reform-Passion was broadly a socialist party with emphasis on unions and workers' rights, a hot topic in the very capitalist Jiujinshan. He argued that the Californian Union could truly bring around progress on workers' rights. But come 2013, his statements about socialism and the need for a (strictly-metaphorical) revolution, alienated too much moderate Assembly people, and his own country was pushing for someone more "amenable" to their interests.

Nacio Balbino Sánchez (Media California) 2013-2021
A consensus-maker, NBS [as he was often called] is often remembered by the insult Yu labelled him as - "a weak man with no ideas, no principles, no values, nothing". And that may be true, but his flexibility made him the easy choice to replace the controversial Yu. The first truly independent President, he is mostly remembered for his confusing statement regarding the Union - "The Californian Union is an union of Californias, which is to say, a variety of different Californias come together to make one union of California".

Seb Short (New Rutland) 2021-2029
Of Austrian descent, his family moved to New Rutland and Anglicised their surname to "Short" in the early 20th century. Seb was a young go-getter from the New Rutland Conservatives. Like Ventura, he was firmly right-wing. Unlike Ventura, he could sell himself as a man of the future, a man of the world and yet a man of social values. His statement that "You have to earn your welcome" was controversial with the left and with Jiujinshan, the most pro-immigrant [and increasingly anti-Californian] land in the Californian Union. Short frequently rallied California against foreign enemies, and for this, he was only narrowly re-elected. Known for his gelled hair and right-wing controversial nature, he's nevertheless remembered as a successful president.

Yamilé Palomo (Frontera) 2029-2033
The selection of Palomo was far from uncontroversial. Short even labelled it as an "unprecedented mistake". Palomo was California's first Muslim president, although from one of Frontera's rare integrated families, and was known to lead the charge in wooing Shasta to join the Californian Union. She was also a sincere Communist who wished to heal the rift between California and socialist countries including the remnants of the Global Socialist Union. In the end, she managed to heal relations with Shasta and with socialist countries, but it all proved too much for the Californian parliamentarians who decided she was going too far.

Elisabet Oriol (New Catalonia) 2033-present
Oriol is the first Catalan-speaking President of the Californian Union. From a social democratic and trade unionist background, she was nevertheless seen as a pragmatist in her time as President of New Catalonia, and this carried over to her time as President of California. While not reversing much of what Palomo did, indeed she agreed that Shasta should be welcomed in, she led a more even-heeled foreign policy and was the first President to publicly speak out against the hard-right Willamette regime. However, her second term is clouded by Jiujinshan declaring that it wanted to hold a referendum on if to leave the Californian Union. The possibility of Bayxit promises to define her entire presidency. She has been noted to be an active participant in the debate on if to grant Jiujinshan permission.
 
Vnimanie, vnimanie

General-Secretary of the Soviet Union
1985-1987: Mikhail Gorbachev (Communist) [1]
1987-1988: Vladimir Kryuchkov (Communist) [2]
1987: Mikhail Gorbachev (Communist) [3]

President of the Russian Confederation
1987-1988: Boris Yeltsin (Communist) [4]
1988: Pavel Grachev (military) [5]
1988-1993: Alexander Yakolev (independent) [6]
1993-1999: Alexander Lebed (Liberal Union) [7]
1999: Viktor Chernomyrdin (Liberal Union)
1999-0000: Viktor Chernomyrdin (Liberal Union)


[1]- On April 26, 1986, the number 4 reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near the city of Pripyat exploded, causing an open-air graphite fire whose fallout began to spread over the rest of the Ukrainian SSR and much of eastern Europe. This was the worst nuclear disaster in history already, but when it entered its second stage, it would take on an even more horrible marker in humanity's history.

The exposed reactor core continued to melt down, and efforts to drain coolant tanks underneath the melting core failed. On May 4, 1986, the floor of the reactor building, melted and radioactive, made contact with the water in the coolant tanks. Instantly super-heating, it caused a second explosion that instantly destroyed all three other reactors at Chernobyl, leveled 200 square kilometers (77 square miles), including the Ukrainian capital city of Kiev.

In one instant, nearly 2 million people were killed, with millions more dying in the days and weeks that followed. The surviving parts of the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR were almost totally evacuated, while the radioactive fallout's spread over central and eastern Europe led to mass panic that increasingly repressive measures by overwhelmed Communist governments could not contain.

The man at the top of the Soviet state, Mikhail Gorbachev, reacted the best he could, all things considered. The entire Soviet state was mobilized to an extent not seen since the Great Patriotic War, with millions being resettled in European Russia, with millions of men being mobilized from their homes or their barracks in Afghanistan to decontaminate and protect the Exclusion Zone that had been northern Ukraine just months prior.

As thousands of "liquidators" (as the personnel tasked with cleaning up much of the Exclusion Zone and preventing the spread of further radiation were called) began dying of cancer, leukemia, and, in a few cases, acute radiation syndrome within months of the clean-up, the Warsaw Pact itself began to deteriorate. The Soviet satellite states of East Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia would see their governments collapse by the start of 1987, in part because of the large amount of refugees from the Exclusion Zone. By the one-year anniversary of the initial explosion, the only communist regimes in Europe besides the USSR were the ones outside the Soviet orbit: Albania (which would transition to "democracy" by the year's end) and Yugoslavia.

The Soviet humiliation, including the rapid withdrawal from Afghanistan and announcing (a sanitized) version of the situation to the world, was almost unbearable. When Gorbachev broached the subject of ending the ever-present state of repression and censorship, citing the stifling system's complicity in delaying the response to Chernobyl until it was too late, the Politburo balked.

[2]- Gorbachev "retired" abruptly, with the organs of the state saying that he, like millions of other Soviet citizens, had taken ill as a result of the winds from Chernobyl. In reality, with his main allies on the Politburo, Nikholai Ryzhkov and Yegor Ligachyov being among the millions contracting cancers in the aftermath of Chernobyl, Gorbachev was easily toppled in a palace coup by hardliners within the Central Committee and placed under house arrest.

Kryuchkov's tenure likely would have been short even without his attempt at Stalinist repression. The Soviet economy, having entered a decline during the end of Leonid Brezhnev's rule, had been in free fall since Chernobyl and the death and displacement of millions. The evacuation of most of Ukraine had led to a collapse the food supply just as Western media began to penetrate deep within the Soviet state from the former eastern bloc countries.

The attempt to arrest Moscow First Secretary Boris Yeltsin, popular among Muscovites for his sacking of corrupt party officials, on trumped-up charges led to first a riot, then a full-blown insurrection in the streets of Moscow. With Soviet military morale dangerously low, orders to move in and "pacify" the protests led to a complete breakdown in order, which quickly spread throughout the country.

[3]- Historians don't know if Yeltsin and his supporters honestly wanted Gorbachev to return to leadership, or if they cynically believed the man was dying in some dacha and would be a puppet if they could return him to power, but for the first stage of the Soviet Civil War, the anti-Kremlin forces proclaimed their goal was to restore "Comrade Gorbachev" to power. By the end of 1987, though, the Kremlin-based government would say that Gorbachev had died from his illness, showing international reporters the corpse of an emaciated Gorbachev, which post-war interviews would reveal would be the result of post-mortem work done after Gorbachev's summary execution.

[4]- Yeltsin took the opportunity to proclaim the formal dissolution of the Soviet state and himself as the leader of an independent Russian republic. The revolts in the Baltic states, plus continued unrest in the Kremlin-controlled sections of Soviet Russia led to an increasing amount of Red Army soldiers defecting, especially once the United States and NATO began to openly supply Yeltsin's forces with food and funding. The death of the Soviet dream happened quickly. On August 17, 1988, Vladimir Kryuchkov announced the surrender of Soviet forces loyal to the Kremlin and the immediate dissolution of the Soviet Union, with only the Byelorussian and Ukrainian SSRs (of which large portions had been depopulated) remaining with Russia.

But Boris Yeltsin would not be there to celebrate. While being shuttled to a new safe-house inside friendly territory, his car's driver had an aneurysm and the vehicle he was in crashed. He was the only casualty.

[5]- Grachev served as de facto leader for nearly one month while various Russian forces negotiated who would take Yeltsin's place. The bumbling general, who had more value as a propaganda tool than military strategist, was quickly discounted for the role on a permanent basis.

[6]- Gorbachev's adviser would be the one to take the first steps in leading an independent Russia forward. He won pro forma elections held in the month after the dissolution of the Soviet state, but by the end of his tenure, he would regret taking over where Yeltsin left off. It's likely that no person could have dealt with the nearly endless list of problems left in almost every sector of society in the wake of the Soviet collapse. But what is known is that Yakolev couldn't. His presidency would be one of an increasingly beleaguered chief executive putting out as many fires as he could during his five-year mandate, with perhaps his crowning achievement being the resumption of Great Patriotic War-style efforts to "liquidate" the Exclusion Zone after the interruption of the civil war, and acceptance of the Baker Plan to prevent future collapses of the food supply in eastern Europe. But those were among the few bright spots in independent Russia's overwhelming early years.

[7]- Lebed's victory in the 1993 elections surprised no one, especially with an incredibly weary Yakolev declining any offers to remain President. The popular military officer rode to victory comfortably, helped by more than a little pressure by military and security forces "protecting" polling precincts that were thought to be hotbeds of anti-Lebed support. Within two years, he had transformed a party that he had used as a vehicle for election into the only party that mattered in Russia.

While those who had thought that the fall of communism would result in free elections and free markets were disappointed, other observers were cautiously optimistic. During the Lebed years, the economy began to show signs of life as foreign investment brought in under Yakolev began to bear fruit, helped along by the beginning of a technology boom in the West. A nationwide reckoning with the failures of Soviet socialism was undertaken and the surviving men deemed responsible for Chernobyl had very public trials that ended in execution or life imprisonment.

If the 1998 elections had been fair, it is likely that Lebed would have won a second mandate. But the young former general didn't take that chance and the resulting victory was a foregone conclusion. But by the time of his victory, he looked much older than his 48 years. Likely owing to a tour in the Exclusion Zone before the outbreak of the civil war, Lebed had contracted recurring pancreatic cancer, with a terminal diagnosis being delivered at the end of the year. The most famous victim of Chernobyl's funeral was attended by heads of state, an honor that the millions of others who had preceded him, and the millions that would surely follow him, would not have.
 
Just wanted to revisit this scenario and note some particularly phresh bits of phreshness I missed in the fine print.

Bob Jones (Liberal - Bob for the Beehive)
I can literally imagine this as an OTL slogan, and I really hope this is where you pull me aside to confirm that it was.

Don McGlashan (Nuclear Disarmament)
ATL Peter Garrett spotted.

1989-1991: Ruth Richardson (National-Liberal coalition)
1989 def: Mike Moore (Labor), Robert Muldoon (Liberal), Geoffrey Palmer (Democrats), Bruce Beetham (Citizens’ Electoral Council)
This entire election is one long screed of dankness. We've got Rob Muldoon, apparently leading the state Libs until his death, there's Geoffrey Palmer lulling the Dem voters to sleep, and way over in the back is Bruce Beetham, back for a last go.

Richard Prosser (No Usury)
Presented without comment.

Shane Jones (Labor),
Shane Jones (One Nation),
Spotted TTL Mark Latham.

Colin Craig (Colin Craig‘s Conservative Party)
And finally, I don't know if the initials spell out CCCP on purpose, but I like it regardless.
 
Last edited:
HM Government - July 2019

Prime Minister, First Lord of the Treasury & Minister of State for the Civil Service - Dominic Raab MP
Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Secretary of State & Second Lord of the Treasury - Michael Gove MP

Chief Secretary to the Treasury - Esther McVey MP
Secretary of State for Leaving the European Union - Steve Baker MP
Secretary of State for the Home Department- David Davis MP
Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs - Sajid Javid MP
Secretary of State for Defence - Penny Mordaunt MP
Secretary of State for Education - Chris Skidmore MP
Secretary of State for Health & Social Care - Nicky Morgan MP
Secretary of State for Work & Pensions - Liz Truss MP
Secretary of State for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs - Stephen Barclay MP

Secretary of State for Housing, Communities & Local Government - Suella Braverman MP
Secretary of State for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy - Andrea Leadsom MP
Secretary of State for Global Britain & President of the Board of Trade - Priti Patel MP
Secretary of State for Culture, Media & Sport - Rishi Sunak MP
Secretary of State for Transport - James Cleverly MP
Secretary of State for Justice & Lord Chancellor - Geoffrey Cox MP
Secretary of State for Northern Ireland - Brandon Lewis MP
Secretary of State for Scotland - John Lamont MP
Secretary of State for Wales - Alun Cairns MP

Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster - Jesse Norman MP

Minister without Portfolio & Conservative Party Chairman - Jake Berry MP
Attorney General - Robert Buckland MP
Leader of the House of Commons & Lord President of the Council - Henry Bellingham MP
Leader of the House of Lords & Lord Privy Seal - Baroness Goldie
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury & Chief Whip (Commons) - David Mundell MP
Captain of the Gentlemen at Arms & Chief Whip (Lords) - Lord Young of Cookham
 
Just wanted to revisit this scenario and note some particularly phresh bits of phreshness I missed in the fine print.


I can literally imagine this as an OTL slogan, and I really hope this is where you pull me aside to confirm that it was.


ATL Peter Garrett spotted.


This entire election is one long screed of dankness. We've got Rob Muldoon, apparently leading the state Libs until his death, there's Geoffrey Palmer lulling the Dem voters to sleep, and way over in the back is Bruce Beetham, back for a last go.


Presented without comment.



Spotted TTL Mark Latham.


And finally, I don't know if the initials spell out CCCP on purpose, but I like it regardless.
It's always nice to see people get my jokes. :)

Bob for the Beehive was a plausible analogue to Joh for PM but not something that was actually used.
 
Question: How much of a lame duck can Theresa May be?

2016-2021: Theresa May (Conservative)

2017 (GE): Theresa May (Conservative) [317] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [262] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Tim Farron (Liberal Democrat) [12] Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Gerry Adams (Sinn Fein) [7] Leanne Wood (Plaid Cymru) [4] Caroline Lucas and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] Sylvia Herman (Independent) [1] John Bercow (Speaker) [1]

February 2019 Realignment: Theresa May (Conservative) [314] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [245] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Vince Cable (Liberal Democrat) [11] Vacant (The Independent Group) [11] Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [7] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [4] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] (Independent) [10] John Bercow (Speaker) [1] Vacant [1]

May 2019 EU Election: Nigel Farage (Brexit) [29] Vince Cable (Liberal Democrat) [16] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [10] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [7] Theresa May (Conservative) [4] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [3] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [1]

June 2019 Cabinet Reshuffle

On the Friday after the EU election, Graham Brady attended a meeting with Theresa May to inform her that, while the 1922 Committee had voted to not suspend the rules on not holding another no confidence vote in her before December, they had voted to ask her to resign. In the following week saw the resignations of resignations of Liam Fox, Michael Gove, and Chris Grayling from the Shadow Cabinet.

In July, with the Conservative Party regularly polling in single figures, Theresa May entered into negotiations with the ERG, which, in August, expanded into a new mass movement "party-within-a-party" called the 2016 Group. News that negotiations with them had expanded beyond Brexit into domestic policy caused some problems in cabinet, where ministers increasingly felt sidelined. Stephen Barclay succeeded Jeremy Hunt in the Foreign Office, with James Cleverly taking over the Brexit brief and Rory Stewart taking Defence from Penny Mordaunt. Equalities was briefly left vacant.

September 2019 realignment: Theresa May (Conservative) [304] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [242] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [35] Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [14] Nigel Farage (Brexit) [12] Arlene Foster (DUP) [10] Chuka Umunna (CHUK) [9] Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [7] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [4] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [1] (Independent) [10] John Bercow (Speaker) [1] Vacant [1]

Party Conference season was busy, with a mass defection of MPs, including Kate Hooey and David Davis, to the Brexit Party, and a split in CHUK with their leader and Luciana Berger joining the Lib Dems. The Conservatives managed to achieve a majority for a stripped back Queen's Speech consisting mostly of Brexit but with Draft Bills on the Legalisation of Fox Hunting, Grammar Schools, and a few other minor concessions to the right. It passed with the backing of CHUK, the DUP and a few independents

On Halloween, Brexit was delayed once again, following the failure of Meaningful Vote 6. The resignation of Stephen Barclay, among others, saw the Brexit Minister brief merged into the FCO position, as James Cleverly became Foreign Secretary. Rory Stewart's resignation from defence was a high profile departure on what many people saw as the last liberal voice in the cabinet.

In December, following the defeat of Meaningful Vote 7 Theresa May insisted that she would go to Brussels and negotiate a three month extension with either substantial changes to the Deal, or immediate no Deal Brexit.

In January 2020, Theresa May tendered her resignation, pending a leadership election. However, a week later the EU announced that it would, in fact not allow another extension. No Deal Brexit was set for March 29th 2020, and recognising the crisis the country was in, the Tory leadership was called off. A new "unity" cabinet was called, with Michael Gove in the Home Office, Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary, and Jacob Rees-Mogg as Chancellor.

Brexit went worse than, perhaps, could be expected. There were queues at Dover, economic crisis, and lack of essential medical supplies that had been considered accounted for (for instance, the task of stockpiling insulin had been given to a private company who had no warehouses and was merely planning to import insulin from the EU in the event of a no deal Brexit). Perhaps worse of all was the rioting in Northern Ireland. By the end of April, the unity cabinet was at war with itself.

May 2020 London Mayoral Election: Siobhan Benita (Liberal Democrat) [50.1%] Sadiq Khan (Labour) [36.9%] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [8.3%] Peter Whittle (Brexit) [2.3%] Shaun Bailey (Conservative) [1.4%] James O'Brien (Independent) 1%

May 2020 Scottish Parliament Election: Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [70] Willie Rennie (Liberal Democrat) [16] Ruth Davidson (Conservative) [15] Patrick Harvie and Maggie Chapman (Green Party) [12] Richard Leonard (Labour) [10] Louis Stedman-Bryce (Brexit) [6]

Following their embarrassing defeat nation-wide in May's elections, the unity Cabinet collapsed and the 2020 Conservative Leadership election finally began, with a small, stripped back, caretaker cabinet with Phillip Hammond, James Cleverly, and Karen Brady in the Great Offices of State. 575

October 2020 General Election: Nigel Farage (Brexit) [201] Jeremy Corbyn (Labour) [199] Jacob Rees-Mogg (Conservative) [91] Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [72] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [53] Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [11] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [8] Arlene Foster (DUP) [8] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [7]

The Tories were reduced to under 100 seats, but with no possible new government, Theresa May continued to serve as interim Prime Minister with a small, stripped back cabinet (Hammond and Cleverly were gone but Lidington served as Chancellor, Brady as Home Secretary, and Jacob Rees-Mogg as Foreign Secretary). A new election was scheduled for February 2021, but was delayed (in February by snow, and March and April due to the death of Queen Elizabeth II).

The not-very-snappy-snap election finally took place in May 2021.

May 2021 General Election: Nigel Farage (Brexit) [255] Dawn Butler (Labour) [172] Jo Swinson (Liberal Democrat) [117] Nicola Sturgeon (SNP) [56] Adam Price (Plaid Cymru) [13] Jacob Rees-Mogg (Conservative) [12] Michelle O'Neill (Sinn Fein) [10] Arlene Foster (DUP) [9] Sian Berry and Jon Bartley (Green Party England & Wales) [9] Ben Bradshaw (Speaker) [1]

Theresa May held her seat by just 1 vote, and continued to serve as Prime Minister with a small cabinet made up of every remaining Tory MP, until a unity Government of Labour, the Liberal Democrats, and the SNP was finally formed in July 2021. The new government was not destined to last for long, just long enough for Northern Ireland and Scotland to vote for independence and for England and Wales to reject a change to PR. Nigel Farage was left with the task of negotiating the break-up of the United Kingdom, a task that his successor as Brexit Party Prime Minister had completed before Theresa May's biography A Life of Service came out in March 2024.

This has given me a headache.
 
1979-1989: Margaret Thatcher (Conservative)
1979 def: James Callaghan (Lab), David Steel (Lib)
1983 def: Michael Foot (Lab), David Steel & Roy Jenkins (Lib-SDP Alliance)
1987 def: Neil Kinnock (Lab), David Steel & David Owen (Lib-SDP Alliance)

1989-1992: Geoffrey Howe (Conservative)
1992-1993: Neil Kinnock (Labour-Democrat coalition)
1992 def: Geoffrey Howe (Con), Paddy Ashdown (Dem)
1993-1998: Neil Kinnock (Labour)
1993 def: Michael Heseltine (Con), Paddy Ashdown (Dem)
1998-2000: Brian Mawhinney (Conservative-Democrat coalition)
1998 def: Neil Kinnock (Lab), Simon Hughes (Dem)
2000-2004: Brian Mawhinney (Conservative)
2000 def: Bryan Gould (Lab), Simon Hughes (Dem)
2004-2006: Gordon Brown (Labour-SNP coalition)
2004 def: Brian Mawhinney (Con), Matthew Taylor (Dem)
2006 referendum on Scottish Independence: Yes 47% No 53%

2006-2006: Stephen Byers (Labour minority, caretaker)
2006-2007: Jon Cruddas (Labour minority)
2007-2012: Chris Grayling (Conservative-Democrat coalition)
2007 def: Jon Cruddas (Lab), Matthew Taylor (Dem)
2012-2013: Geoffrey Robinson (Labour)
2012 def: Chris Grayling (Con), Matthew Taylor (Dem)
2013-2013: Oona King (Labour, caretaker)
2013-2017: Liz Kendall (Labour)
2017-????: Stephen Crabbe (Conservative minority)
2017 def: Liz Kendall (Lab), Stephen Lloyd (Dem)

I was going to provide footnotes, but I think it's more fun to try to work it out without them...
 
First Convenors of the People's Socialist Republic of Manitoba (1944-present)

Tamhas MacDougall (Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists) 1944-1970*
Unable to walk because of his leg being amputated by doctors who asked too high a price for the surgery to heal it, young MacDougall radicalised at a young age, turning from the reformist socialism he could have turned to, to a more radical, revolutionary form. The West of Canada was a land of seething ethnic tension, with Scots, Metis and Germans clashing. However, there was one thing they all agreed on, the rule of the hated British must go. As the broad Dominion of Canada fractured, the West rose up as the "Western Alliance".

After years of warfare, the West was finally free as the "Republic of Flatland" [a provisional name] and the constitutional convention happened. MacDougall got into a bitter spat with the German conservatives to his west who rejected his radical views, and he decided to lead an uprising of his far-left Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists to seize full power.

Much fighting later, he was a failure and only left with one third of the entire Flatland, which he dubbed Manitoba to honour "a fallen comrade", that of the 19th century Metis freedom fighter Louis Riel. Manitoba was a land of Scots and Metis, and at first it seemed like a harmonious partnership. But as the Council of Ministers increasingly lost power to the First Convenor, the authoritarian MacDougall, tensions started to rise. By 1951, it was at a fever high when the President of the Council called on MacDougall to answer some Council questions about his possibly unconstitutional actions. MacDougall declared the entire Council "bourgeois traitors" and sent in the Guard.

The room was stained red with their blood, a terrifying declaration of the horrific vision that MacDougall had for Manitoba. Declaring that the First Convenor now had absolute power and the Council "permanently dismissed", MacDougall started on "ensuring Manitoba followed the true path of socialism". The Metis culture was quashed as much as possible, in favour of a Scots-flavoured "Manitoban" culture. And as many neighbours started to condemn his actions, Manitoba increasingly turned insular.

By the 60s, MacDougall's word was absolute and as he managed to fight back a Flachland attempt at conquering Manitoba, he was increasingly labelled as a "Hero of the Socialist Revolution" and propaganda all but deified him.

Then it all fell apart as the Metis rose up under someone who history remembers as "Pierre Riel" or "Rielet" and one of them managed to successfully take a pot shot at Douglas who was giving a passionate speech about the virtues of the Revolution.

Gordon Creag (Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists) 1970-1994
Creag was the most vicious out of all MacDougall's possible successors, and that was why he managed to win the brief leadership struggle and "disposed" with the rest. Declaring the Metis "enemies of the people", he ordered a full-scale genocide, leading to all of Manitoba's neighbours declaring war on them. As they approached Winnipeg, the socialist cause seemed doomed.

But then he took out his card and declared that Manitoba was now a member of the Global Socialist Union and that their enemies should withdraw or face nuclear annihilation. In the end, they did, but Creag paid a political price. The GSU demanded that the Council of Ministers be restored and the First Convenor officially renounce the dictatorial powers MacDougall seized. This Creag did, unwillingly. And the CoM, full of pragmatists, declared that the Metis were no longer "enemies of the people" and ordered the troops to cease. As Creag was set to replicate MacDougall's Purge, the Premier of the GSU told him over telephone that the moment he do so, the GSU would kick Manitoba out. Sulking and knowing what that would meant, he gave in to the CoM's demand.

Creag would oversee several political purges, but for the rest of his time as First Convenor, the CoM remained. By 1994, the economy was stagnant, the enemies too many and the CoM was getting... cocky. There was a way to remove the First Convenor, and by 1994 there was enough anti-Creag people to push for this, including one or two Metis who managed to achieve political respectability.

Creag resigned his post in defiance and declared that "the Council of Ministers do not have authority over me". He would later disappear in one of his successor's many purges of his opponents and anyone who he disapproved.

Micheil Loudain (Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists) 1994-2005*
Loudain was the most paranoid First Convenor yet and regularly ordered purges of the Council of Ministers, knowing that the GSU would overlook it as long as the CoM as an institution still stood. By the new millennium, it was his puppet parliament, set to vote for anything he ordered. And as a man who saw many of his compatriots die to Metis rebels' hands, Loudain had a view in place - end the Metis as a people. Even though the CoM was now full of his puppets, many of them were reluctant to vote for the declaration that would make the Metis once more declared "enemies of the people". But he got his wish.

This led to an international crisis as the Democratic Congress of Nations declared that they couldn't stand by and let Manitoba, a pariah state surrounded by perfectly-democratic countries, continue this evil. The GSU came to Manitoba's aid and a nuclear standoff between the two happened, known in history as the "Manitoba Crisis". In the end, the GSU buckled and told Loudain to call on the CoM to vote to rescind the declaration and end this whole standoff.

Astonishingly, he refused and called the GSU's bluff in a declaration that Manitoba was "stepping its own way" and calling on the GSU to follow it or leave it. This proved the final straw for the Council and the President of the Council quietly paid a hired killer to do away with the "Mad Manitoban" as the world knew him as. His death wasn't anything poetic. One shot to the head while he was on the toilet.

-- abolished: power held by the Council of Ministers: 2005-2017 --
After three "nightmares" as the Council deemed MacDougall, Creag and Loudain, the Council decided to abolish the position of First Convenor. It took months of struggle with ambitious higher-ups who wished to be the next First Convenor but after the appropriate purges, the Council seized power. And surprisingly held it for 12 years straight with almost no problems.


The first matter for the Council was revoking Loudain's mad attempt at purging the Metis. The Metis was already weak as a result of many purges, but this proved a welcome respite. The GSU put away the motion to expel Manitoba and welcomed them back into the fold, something the DCN of course condemned them for. The CoM set up a "Committee to Forge a Socialism for the 21st Century" [CFS 21] which would be important for the future, but for now it was to review the economic policy of Manitoba, which was essentially autarchic agrarian socialism under a command economy. The CFS 21 recommended industrialisation and expanding cities.

This the CoM did, but it created a divide between the "Wheats" and "Steels" that would linger until the dying days. By 2015, the Council was confident enough to start poking its neighbours, especially its northern neighbour Athabasca. Bringing up the old borders of the province of Manitoba when under Canadian rule, it asserted a claim to the eastern third of Athabasca and started threatening it.

In the end, Athabasca brought Flachland in, and the war proved hard to fight and by 2017 the CoM finally gave in and voted to restore the First Convenor as a strictly "Roman Republic"-style dictatorial position.

Niall Todt (Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists [Steel Faction]) 2017-2021
Perhaps the only honourable man who ever held the position of First Convenor, Todt was a high-ranking general who was charged with the position of absolute control over the military for four years. He led the troops, he commanded strategy, he refused to purge the Metis and he managed to turn the war from a certain defeat to a honourable peace. Although one where they had to give up their claim.

And after his term was up, everyone expected him to declare that he was keeping power. He didn't. He gave power back to the Council and announced his retirement. Even now five years after his death with the People's Republic falling apart, his name is universally respected.

-- abolished: power held by the Council of Ministers: 2021-2031 --
With Todt retiring, power flowed back to the Council. Less eager to poke their neighbours now that Todt bailed them out, the Council spent the next ten years squabbling between Wheats and Steels, with the Steels always having the upper hand and a fear that a civil war would sink the entire revolution. Manitoba built, but built stutteringly and with difficulty as the Wheats often found ways to undermine the Steels' projects. Then in 2031, the GSU, Manitoba's long-term protector from its bourgeois enemies, shattered.

In their panic, the Steels allowed the Wheats to seize full power via taking over the CFS 21 and declare that it was time for a new First Convenor. And the Wheats had just the man in mind, someone who wanted the position for decades.

Peadar Lathurna (Party of Farmers, Labourers and Socialists [Wheat Faction]) 2031-2039*
Lathurna was ultimately a worm. He proudly described himself as one, saying that worms squirm their way out of trouble. One of the old hands in the Council and long time Chair of the CFS 21, he secretly loathed many of the others including quite a few of his own Wheat faction, and once in power successfully removed many of the others from political power and gave them "mandatory retirement".

The only First Convenor who saw it as opportune to negotiate with Manitoba's traditional enemies [i.e. its neighbours]. His grand vision was that of a glorious agrarian-socialist Manitoba that would inspire the workers of its neighbours to rise up and unite with it, and he perceived the hostility given by past First Convenors as working against that vision by encouraging hatred and division of the workers of the land. He was an uncomfortable presence at the conference, but his slimy words convinced them to give Manitoba another chance. Calculating that his potential vision needed co-operation, he opened up negotiations with Flachland to deport the Metis to their lands.

Flachland revealed the negotiations to the world and denounced Manitoba as "just more of the same bigotry". And as the Council increasingly questioned his seemingly-naive policy and the Metis rose up against the latest attempt at ending them, Lathurna ordered the purge of the Council. The Council instead fled the building, scattering themselves to the wind. As the Metis rebellion intensified and the Council in legal limbo, Lathurna claimed dictatorial powers. But once Flachland invaded with troops supported by other neighbours, Lathurna knew Manitoba was done for, that it wouldn't live to see its century.

In a just world, Lathurna and the rest of the Council would be tried for their crimes against humanity. But like the worm he was, Lathurna chose to deny the world a trial and took his own life in the crumbling Red Palace in a burning Winnipeg.

With his death, the final authority of Manitoba collapsed. The war is expected to end with Flachland incorporating Manitoba into it and establishing a Metis Autonomous Province, where the long-suffering Metis can have a land at long last.
 
Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 1940 - present:
1940 - 1954: Winston Churchill (Conservative)

defeated, 1945: Clement Attlee (Labour), Archibald Sinclair (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)
defeated, 1950: Hugh Dalton (Labour), Clement Davies (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)
defeated, 1951: Hugh Dalton (Labour), Clement Davies (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)

1954 - 1956: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative)
1956 - 1961: Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal leading Popular Front)

defeated, 1956 (Coalition): Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative), Richard Acland (Common Wealth), Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal), Herbert Morrison (Labour)
1961 - 1962: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative)

defeated, 1961 (Minority): Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth), Douglas Jay (Labour)
1962 - 1972: Richard Acland (Popular Labour)
defeated, 1962: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative), Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal)
defeated, 1967: Duncan Sandys (Conservative), Christopher Mayhew (Liberal)

1972 - ???: Michael Foot (Popular Labour)

Figure out what the gimmick is (ignore Churchill).
 
Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 1940 - present:
1940 - 1954: Winston Churchill (Conservative)

defeated, 1945: Clement Attlee (Labour), Archibald Sinclair (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)
defeated, 1950: Hugh Dalton (Labour), Clement Davies (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)
defeated, 1951: Hugh Dalton (Labour), Clement Davies (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth)

1954 - 1956: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative)
1956 - 1961: Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal leading Popular Front)

defeated, 1956 (Coalition): Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative), Richard Acland (Common Wealth), Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal), Herbert Morrison (Labour)
1961 - 1962: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative)

defeated, 1961 (Minority): Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal), Richard Acland (Common Wealth), Douglas Jay (Labour)
1962 - 1972: Richard Acland (Popular Labour)
defeated, 1962: Peter Thorneycroft (Conservative), Violet Bonham-Carter (Liberal)
defeated, 1967: Duncan Sandys (Conservative), Christopher Mayhew (Liberal)

1972 - ???: Michael Foot (Popular Labour)

Figure out what the gimmick is (ignore Churchill).
Michael Foot as Teddy Roosevelt?
 
Secretary of State for Global Britain & President of the Board of Trade - Priti Patel MP
I like this idea, I've suggested it in the PMQs thread. My idea was that it's a merger of International Trade and International Development.
 
Since people are throwing gimmicky ones out there, here's one that came to mind: Britain as Australia.

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

1937 - 1940: Neville Chamberlain† (Conservative)
1940 (interim): Ernest Brown (Liberal National)
1940 - 1942: Duff Cooper (Conservative-Liberal National coalition)
1942 (interim): James Henderson-Stewart (Liberal National)
1942 - 1946: Clement Attlee† (Labour)
1946 (interim): Herbert Morrison (Labour)
1946 - 1950: Hugh Gaitskell (Labour)
1950 - 1967: Duff Cooper (Conservative-Liberal National coalition)
1967 - 1968: Rab Butler‡ (Conservative minority with Liberal National confidence and supply)
1968 - 1969 (interim): The Earl of Home (Liberal National)
1969 - 1972: Edward Heath (Conservative-Liberal National coalition)
1972 - 1973: Reginald Maudling (Conservative minority with Liberal National confidence and supply)
1973 - 1976: Harold Wilson (Labour)
1976 - 1984: Ian Gilmour [from 1977 Sir Ian Gilmour, 3rd Bt.] (Conservative-Liberal National-Ulster Popular Unionist coalition)
1984 - 1992: Roy Hattersley (Labour)
1992 - 1997: David Owen (Labour)
1997 - 2002: Michael Howard (Conservative-Liberal National coalition)
2002 - 2008: Michael Howard (Conservative-Liberal National-National Unionist coalition)
2008 - 2011: Gordon Brown (Labour)
2011 - 2014: Harriet Harman (Labour)
2014 (Jun-Sep): Gordon Brown (Labour)
2014 - 2016: Stephen Crabb (Conservative-Liberal National-National Unionist coalition)
2016 - 2019: Philip Hammond (Conservative with Liberal National confidence and supply)
2019 - 0000: Michael Gove (Conservative with Liberal National confidence and supply)

Died in office
Disappeared
 
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I know this is late, but this is my entry to @Japhy's Irish Unionism challenge.

1834-1834: Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington (Tory minority)
1834-1835: Edward Stanley (Moderate Whig minority, with Tory confidence and supply)
1835-1841: William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig)
1835 (Majority) def. Edward Stanley (Moderate)
1837 (Majority) def. Edward Stanley (Moderate)

1841-1844: Edward Stanley (Moderate)
1841 (Majority) def. William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Whig), Daniel O'Connell (Irish Repeal)
1844-1848: Edward Smith-Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe (Moderate majority)
1848-1848: John Russell (Whig)
1848 (Minority) def. Edward Smith-Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe (Moderate), John O'Connell (Irish Repeal)
1848-1848: Edward Smith-Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe (Moderate minority, with Anti-Radical Whig confidence and supply)
1848-1854: John Russell (Whig)
1848 (Alliance with Irish Repeal and Chartists) def. Edward Smith-Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Bickerstaffe (Moderate)
1854-1855: John Russell (Reform)
1854 (Majority) def. Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby (Moderate), Ernest Charles Jones (Chartist)
1855-1860: George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (Reform majority)
1860-1867: George Cavendish-Scott-Bentinck (Moderate)
1860 (Majority) def. George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (Reform), Ernest Charles Jones (Workingmen's)
1864 (Minority, with War Reform) def. George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon (Reform), William Gladstone (War Reform), Abel Heywood (Workingmen's)

1867-1870: Isaac Butt (Moderate majority)
1870-1873: John Bright (Reform)
1870 (Minority, with Workingmen's confidence and supply) def. Isaac Butt (Moderate), Jeremiah O'Donovan (Workingmen's)
1873-1879: Jeremiah O'Donovan (Workingmen's)
1873 (Majority) def. Isaac Butt (Moderate), John Bright (Reform), John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (Whiggish Reform)

Basically, in this TL Edward Stanley's 'Derby Dilly' overtakes Robert Peel's simultaneous move to reform the Tories, and as a hard protectionist it takes some more years for the Corn Laws to be repealed. In this atmosphere, the idea of state intervention to relieve the Irish Famine is not nearly to widely reviled amongst the British establishment. While people do die, it is no worse in Ireland than the wider famine across the rest of the UK and Europe at the time - and much of the impetus for the Irish nationalist movement is dissipated.

The Tory-Whig party system evolves into the Moderate-Reform party system, which is roughly similar to OTL. However, Irish Repeal remains relevant for longer, and as the Irish nationalist movement evolves and the moderates shift towards the main two parties and the radicals slip towards the Chartists who maintain their relevance and the Chartist Clubs evolve into the Workingmen's Party, which becomes the standard bearer for Irish land reform alongside universal manhood suffrage and workers' rights.

The Workingmen's Party gets a shot in the arm when the Moderates, later joined by pro-Confederacy Reformists such as William Gladstone, intervene in the American Civil War. While the war is at least initially popular amongst the upper and middle classes, the hypocrisy of the war along with the bloodletting and the shocking state of medical care in the war becomes a scandal that works to the Workingmen's benefit. After the war the Workingmen entered government alongside the Reformists, an uncomfortable relationship grounded only on the struggle to pass universal manhood suffrage and the secret ballot.

The Reformists split over the passage of the legislation, especially after Bright convinced the young King Albert I to stack the House of Lords with pro-suffrage peers (many of whom were offensively ill-bred!) and this only strengthened the Workingmen's hand as a generation of newly enfranchised labourers and tenant farmers cast their vote in their own interest, not that of the bosses or the landlords.
 
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