Presidents of the United States of Latin Africa
1960 - 1969: Barthélemy Boganda † (MESAN)
1960 def: Antoine Gizenga (Parti Solidaire Africain)
1965 def. Gabriel Lisette (MNRCS), Ahmed Koulamallah (Union Action Sociale)
Appropriately enough, the first presidential election of the United States of Latin America was contested between two former Catholic priests, each with very different conceptions of the road ahead for post-colonial Africa. A veteran political activist with a distinctly rural manner, Boganda was the primary architect of the EUAL, envisioning a developed regional bloc to match the white-dominated Anglo states of South Africa and Rhodesia. His party MESAN sought to "liberate the black race through pacific evolution." Though he was hated in France, Boganda was much more palatable to the colonial establishment than his Belgian Congolese opponent, Antoine Gizenga, who was both a committed Marxist and opposed to the division of Francophone and Anglophone Africa. Boganda was elected with over 95% of the vote—though voter turnout was under 5%—and with the support of regional leaders like Patrice Lumumba and Gabriel Lisette, seemed to have a clear mandate to govern.
Boganda quickly discovered the unfortunate reality—the EUAL was not a unified state, or even a confederation: instead was a massive collection of ethnically disparate chieftains who had for decades been reliant on French colonial patronage and infrastructure to maintain what power they had. The coherent political program that MESAN represented never materialized, though Africanization did occur at the administrative level. In Léopoldville, Lumumba became increasingly regretful of his previous support of Boganda, and began talks with his rivals Gizenga and Kasa-Vubu to pull out of the union. They were followed by the rest of French Equatorial Africa, until by October 1962 the only states that remained in the "United States" were Chad and Boganda's native Oubangi-Shari. Lisette also soured on Boganda, but stopped short of supporting dissolving the union. Boganda stubbornly refused to resign, crushing an internal coup within MESAN and winning reelection in 1965 in a respectable landslide as the Chadian parties were bitterly divided. Boganda died suddenly in 1969; his death has been variously attributed to Chadian separatists, rivals within MESAN, French secret service, his own family members, or simply the strain of ruling a difficult country.
1969 - 1969: Abel Goumba (MESAN)
Though Boganda had cultivated several proteges within MESAN, none were as experienced or trusted as Abel Goumba. With a reputation for intelligence and honesty, he was the ideal candidate to assume the presidency after Boganda's death. Goumba's partisans locked his longtime rival David Dacko out of the MESAN leadership, a move that would later have serious consequences. Goumba himself was a relatively inoffensive leader; his first act as president was to issue a decree renaming the country as the "Central African Republic".
Presidents of the Central African Republic
1969 - 1970: Abel Goumba (MESAN)
1970 - 1971: Gabriel Lisette † (MNRCS)
1970 def: Abel Goumba (MESAN)
Goumba's honeymoon period proved short-lived; he was ousted the following year by Gabriel Lisette in the 1970 election. Chad now had over twice he population of Oubangi-Shari, and looked to usurp the latter's role as the political center of the Republic. This may have come to pass if it had not been Lisette who was elected. Born in Panama, Lisette came to Africa as a young man in the French colonial civil service. For this reason, he was resented by Chad's traditional elite and its native-born intellectuals; his previous flirtations with Marxism also did not work in his favor. Nevertheless he survived for over a decade in Chadian politics, eventually triumphing against both MESAN and the French-backed tribal reactionaries. Days after being elected he unveiled an ambitious plan of nationalization and modernization, cutting down on the obsolete bureaucracy that had been allowed to expand during Boganda's rule and taking a stronger stance against French interference. Lisette had issued his challenge, and France would respond.
On 15 December 1970, David Dacko met with Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandre Banza and two SDECE agents in a café in Libreville. While the particulars of their discussion are lost to history, the results were plain enough. On the night of 22 February 1971, President Lisette and his wife were roused from their beds by CAR Army privates and ordered to proceed to the Ministry of State building. Lisette insulted the soldiers and resisted, and was soon shot dead. Scarcely had his body cooled in Bangui did violence break out in N'Djamena and Moundou; soon the Chadian War of Independence would begin...
1971 - 1974: Alexandre Banza (Military as Chairman of the Command Council for National Salvation)
1974 - 1974: Bernard Ayandho (MESAN leading National Salvation Government)
1974 - 1974: Marie-Joséphe Zani-Fé Franck (MESAN leading National Salvation Government)
1974 - 0000: David Dacko (MESAN)
1974: Unopposed