- Location
- Albany, NY
- Pronouns
- She/Her
A Theoretical Look Forward at EdT's "Fight And Be Right" (American Presidents)
Spoilers.
EdT's British Political Timeline can be found Here. If you have not read it, as well as the supplementary stuff, I pity you. Worth noting the Supplementals provided me with the list of Presidents from 1885 to 1944, adjusted to deal with the fact that there was no system to replace dead VPs before the next election, as well as the main opposition tickets for 1884, 1888, 1892, and 1940. Though the 1892 VP pick made little sense IMO. Everything else, I made up, so blame me, not Ed. If I don't get over my Bob Lee's Body related writers block, I'll get around to figuring out the politics of other states, if other folks don't beat me too it.
I don't really know what was wrong with me doing those footnotes, so please comment or I'll be left wondering what I did that for, forever.
1885-1885: S. Grover Cleveland / Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic)
1884: James G. Blaine / John A. Logan (Republican)
1885-1889: S. Grover Cleveland / vacant (Democratic)
1889-1893: S. Grover Cleveland / Allen G. Thurman (Democratic)
1888: Benjamin Harrison / Levi P. Morton (Republican)
1893-1897: Joseph B. Foraker / Thomas B. Reed (Republican)[1]
1892: John G. Carlisle / Adlai Stevenson I (Democratic)[2], James B. Weaver / James G. Field (Populist)
1897-1901: William J. Bryan / James S. Hogg (Democratic / Populist) [3]
1896: William J. Bryan / Thomas E. Watson (Populist), Joseph B. Foraker / Thomas B. Reed (Republican), Edward S. Bragg / Philip W. McKinney (National “Gold” Democratic)[4]
1901-1906: Henry Cabot Lodge / Robert R. Hitt (Republican)[5]
1900: William J. Bryan / James S. Hogg, Marion Butler (Democratic, Populist), William F. Vilas / Simon B. Buckner (National Democratic)[6], Eugene V. Debs / Job Harriman (Social Democratic)[7]
1904: Richard Olney / Joseph C. S. Blackburn (Democratic)[8], Marion Butler / Charles A. Towne (Populist)[9], Eugene V. Debs / Benjamin Hanford (Socialist)
1906-1909: Henry Cabot Lodge / vacant (Republican)
1909-1909: William R. Hearst / John A. Johnson (Democratic)[10]
1908: James S. Sherman / George L. Sheldon (Republican)[11], Maximilian S. Hayes / William E. Walling (Socialist)[12], William H. Harvey / Thomas E. Watson (Populist)[13]
1909-1913: William R. Hearst / vacant (Democratic)
1913-1917: William R. Hearst / William G. McAdoo (Democratic)[14]
1912: Robert M. LaFollette, Sr. / Herbert S. Hadley (Republican)[15], William D. Haywood / Julius A. Wayland (Socialist)[16]
1917-1921: Leonard Wood / Miles Poindexter (Republican)[17]
1916: James B. Clark / William Sulzer (Democratic), Eugene V. Debs / Arthur E. Reimer (Socialist)[18]
1921-1925: George C. Pardee / William C. Sproul (Republican)[19]
1920: Harry Lane / Thomas R. Marshall (Democratic)[20], Leonard Wood / Miles Poindexter (National Republican), Arthur Le Seur / Allen L. Benson (Socialist)
1925-1933: Albert C. Ritchie / William H. Murray (Democratic)[21]
1924: George C. Pardee / William C. Sproul (Republican), William D. Haywood / August Gilhaus (Socialist)[22]
1928: Charles G. Dawes / Henry C. Wallace (Republican)[23], William Z. Foster / Robert N. Baldwin (Socialist)[24]
1933-1939: William E. Borah / Quentin Roosevelt (Republican)[25]
1932: Cordell Hull / John P. Tumulty (Democratic), Norman M. Thomas / Jay Lovestone (Socialist)[26]
1936: Eamon de Valera / Jesse H. Jones (Democratic)[27], James P. Cannon / James H. Mauer (Socialist)[28]
1939-1941: Quentin Roosevelt / vacant (Republican)[29]
1941-1944: Quentin Roosevelt / Charles L. McNary (Republican)[30]
1940: Eamon de Valera / John H. Bankhead II (Democratic)[31], Maynard C. Krueger / James W. Ford (Socialist)[32]
1944-1945: Quentin Roosevelt / vacant (Republican)
1945-1949: Quentin Roosevelt / Herbert C. Hoover (Republican)
1944: James F. Byrnes / Paul V. McNutt (Democratic)[33]
1949-1953: Eamon de Valera / Richard B. Russell, Jr. (Democratic)[34]
1948: Quentin Roosevelt / Herbert C. Hoover (Republican)
1953-1956: Henry A. Wallace / Vito A. Marcantonio (Republican)[35]
1952: Eamon de Valera / Richard B. Russell, Jr. (Democratic), Hubert H. Humphrey Jr. / Paul A. Denver (Reform)[36]
1956-1957: Henry A. Wallace / vacant (Republican)
1957-1961: Henry A. Wallace / Prescott S. Bush (Republican)[37]
1956: W. Stuart Symington / Joseph R. McCarthy (Democratic)[38]
1961-1965: Adlai E. Stevenson II / George A. Smathers (Democratic)[39]
1960: Prescott S. Bush / Wayne L. Morse (Republican)
1965-1973: Robert B. Meyner / Samuel W. Yorty (Democratic)[40]
1964: George W. Romney / J. Lawton Collins (Republican), George A. Smathers / J. Strom Thurmond (States’ Rights Democratic)[41]
1968: George W. Romney / Thurgood Marshall (Republican)[42], John R. Rarick / Ronald W. Reagan (States’ Rights Democratic)[43]
1973-1981: Thurgood Marshall / Elliot L. Richardson (Republican)[44]
1972: Walter F. Mondale / John V. Lindsey (Democratic)
1976: Frank F. Church III / R. Sargent Shriver (Democratic)[45], Jesse A. Helms, Jr. / Paul D. Harkins (Free American)[46]
1981-1982: William W. Bradley / Patricia N. S. Schroeder (Democratic)[47]
1980: Howard H. Baker, Jr. / Pierre S. Du Point IV (Republican)
1982-1985: Patricia N. S. Schroeder / vacant (Democratic)[48]
1985-1989: Patricia N. S. Schroeder / Daniel P. Moynihan (Democratic)[49]
1984: Elliot L. Richardson / John A. Anderson (Republican)
1989-1993: Ralph Nader / Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr. (Democratic)[50]
1988: George H. W. Bush / Jack F. Kemp (Republican)
Notes
[1] - Foraker's term was a short and unpleasant one, the latest Ohio Republican attempted to solve the economic depression America was slipping into by raising tariffs, which in turn just caused more labor unrest in the US. Most notable for continuing President Cleveland's practice of supporting the monarchy in Hawaii and the transfer of the Protectorate of the Congo Free State from King Leopold to the office of the President, which in turn meant his last weeks in office did end with a nice internationalist capstone.
[2] - David B. Hill would have had little reason to accept a demotion to the Vice Presidency like Ed had him accept. Its much more likely that he'd have accepted a post such as Secretary of State or Treasury. Instead as a sop to the rising populist movement, just like IOTL, the Democrats go with Pro-Silver, Pro-Business Adlai Stevenson. It doesn't help.
[3] - Senator Bryan and Governor Hogg come in thanks to Foraker's inability to turn the economic situation in the country around. Bryan's large plans to reform the country though with the creation of entitlements, income taxes, Free Silver and and redistribution. He found quickly that Conservative Democrats and Republicans were in a position to make sure none of that happened. The failure to pass a Silver bill, and the economic recovery that came anyway assured the term was not remembered too well.
[4] - Part of the reason that Bryan was able to win was the Gold breakaway Democrats were even weaker then IOTL and unable to sap away votes. Bragg / McKinney though was a pretty balanced ticket North and South.
[5] - Henry Cabot Lodge came in on the tails of Bryan's failures bringing Progressive governance to America for the first time. Experts were appointed to the cabinet and Exerts reorganized the US Army and Navy based on European Experiences in the late Entente War. Most notable as President for the passage of a follow up to his prized 1890 Enforcement Act which was Pocket Vetoed by the House, in 1902. The Force Act empowered US Marshalls and in some circumstances Federalized Militia or US Armed Forces to ensure fair voting for Federal Elections, that is to say ensured eligible Black Voters remained eligible and counted.
[6] - William F. Villas in the face of continued Bryanite dominance had no problem running as a National Democrat, with Buckner as his VP they did what Bragg was unable to, and broke Bryan's voting blocks.
[7] - The Social Democratic party formed in a similar manner to IOTL though with a more inclusive ideology which over the years would allow for Socialist Labor and Syndicalist entries to continue and grow.
[8] - Following the failure of Bryan the Populists were chased from power, the 1904 Democratic ticket though attempted with Blackburn to appeal to Southern voters and Populists while Olney's nomination marked the triumph of the National Democrats
[9] - Populist Senator Butler and Charles A. Towne marked the separation of the Populists and Democrats by winning one state, that of Colorado.
[10] - Hearst's election brought in another Self Declared Progressive, though historians have debated the authenticity of his claims for such ever since. Hearst is generally remembered for his "Politics of Grandeur", the development of a National Democratic Political Machine, and the passage of Old Age Pensions. In 1913 oversaw a War Scare with Britain, over a British Companies attempt to secure land in Colombia to build a Inter-Ocean Canal. Secured the Nicaraguan Purchase for the completion of a US Controlled sea route upon the fall of the Unionist Government in the UK.
[11] - Sherman / Sheldon was nominated because of Sherman's respectability to both Conservative and Progressive factions of the Party, while Sheldon served as a patsy for Theodore Roosevelt, who unable to arrive at the convention in time did serve as a Republican Kingmaker by telegraph.
[12] - Debs stepped down in 1908 to Run for Congress (He won his seat and would there after take the Illinois Senate Seat, a single feat in the history of the Socialist Party of America), Max Hayes, a former challanger in the AFL marked the rise of Syndicalism in American Socialism. And was able to secure a popular vote total akin to the widely Respected Debs all the same.
[13] - William Jennings Bryan's Campaign Manager, and Postmaster and the long suffering Congressman Watson were unable to revive Populist fortunes as the party finally faded into obscurity.
[14] - McAdoo was a surprise choose but his relationship with Ambassador to the Court of St. James Woodrow Wilson (Before his untimely assassination in London) helped secure a young fresh face for the ticket in the face of Questions about Hearst's associations and business dealings with Oil Companies and Federal leases.
[15] - Robert La Follette's run was hampered from the start by Yellow Press accusations about his mental health, none the less has he won just two more states with under 15,000 votes between them, he would have been the next president. Questions about the results from Mississippi and California would lead many to say for years the election was stolen.
[16] - Big Bill Haywood, chair of the IWW and major Socialist Party Figure won a million votes with his Syndicalist language. His coattails in turn brought half a dozen Socialists to Congress. Though many in the Old Guard of the party were uncomfortable with him and the Socialist Labor party veterans who backed him.
[17] - Leonard Wood, ally of the Late Teddy Roosevelt and hero of the Congo would eventually be remembered for only one thing. Mexico. The controversial US intervention he would order into the country would tear the nation apart, as would his use of Federalized militia to break Anti-War strikes that followed. Casualties were high, results were limited, and the Mexican PR campaign against it was massively successful in the United States thus assuring that Wood would be remembered as one of the nations greatest failures. (On another AH.com he gets the Wilson Hate FYI)
[18] - Senator Debs returned to the Ticket in 1916, campaigning with alot of support from the IWW and Haywood, around this time the AFL begain to fold up due to Union defections and Debs would use this to win more then 6% of the National Vote.
[19] - Pardee was elected in a close race after the RNC dumped Wood, who in turn continued to run as an Independent. It was Pardee who immediately began to withdraw the Army from Mexico and normalize relations with the new government there. Pardee though doubled down at home, rejecting Wood's Lily White GOP and passing two landmark laws over the heads of the battered Segregationists of the South, the reenstatement of the Enforcement Act which had been crippled by Hearst, and the 1921 Federal Anti-Lynching Act which turned those monstrous events into Federal Crimes.
[20] - Harry Lane, sick, and dying ran a brilliant campaign in 1920 against the Intervention which he so vigorously opposed. His speeches also showed support for Civil Rights which cost him the win, but meant that when he died that November his legacy would help Pardee pass his own legislation, and of course helped ensure the Mexican Pullout.
[21] - Ritchie was elected due to the economic collapse that hit in the last months of Pardee's term. Cutting Government spending did little to help people quickly but it did allow for the continued growth of the Democratic National Machine of Hearst as local and state parties used trickle down graft to help the poor. By 1928 the economy has recovered mostly in urban areas to assure Ritchies reelection, his second term being focused entirely on counter-acting his old stances to help fight the Dust Bowl in the midwest. As a lame duck, Ritchie would assure his legacy by helping Canada and Newfoundland declare their Neutrality in the Great War, and create the Exclusion Zone to prevent a Royal Navy retaliation for this desertion by the two new Republics.
[22] - Haywood's return saw Socialist fortunes return to the upswing after the Compromise ticket of 1920 failed to keep the fire lit. The memory of Debs and the IWW at the height of its Power assured that nearly 10% of the country voted for Haywood. The years that followed though would not be kind as IWW membership begain a downswing as other Independent Unions formed seeking better pay rather then revolution, and many of the IWW's leading members went to die in Portugal.
[23] - Dawes the Economic leader of the Republicans and Henry C. Wallace (Father of the future President) and party Agricultural expert attempted to bring the party back to victory, but found economic recovery a hard pill to swallow.
[24] - Syndicalist Foster was able to keep the party vote total above 2 million but it didn't do too much good.
[25] - Progressive William E. Borah came into the White House promising more then just bandages, and he quickly delivered in the first 100 days of his term, seeing the passage of a Welfare package to help the poor, the creation of a University of the United States, and a year later the 1934 Civil Rights act and the 1935 Voting Rights Act which would serve in coming years to finally break the back of Legal Segregation. Borah continued the Ritchie doctrine, having the US Navy patrol the exclusion zone and recognizing that Canada and Newfoundland needed US aid to stay out of the European War. Attempts to influence Liberal Republican and Neutral theory in the British Carribean failed to have an impact and that region would become the West Indian Worker's Republic after the Red Revolution in 1938-1940. Borah refused to allow US companies to supply the Blue Forces in the British Civil War which many would later blame for that side's defeat. Died in office of a Stroke in late 1939. His young Congressmen-turned-VP was a major face though the entirety of the administration, a corporate manager for Borah's corporate visionary-president.
[26] - Thomas the "Moderate" and Lovestone the Syndicalist were the first Socialist ticket to drop under 1.5 million since 1908.
[27] - The Governor of New York won the ticket in 1936 having been denied in by a slim margin at the '32 convention. A leading figure of Tammany Hall, he called for populist reforms, including a national income, and ruthlessly worked to centralize the Democratic National Machine. (See a mixture of his IOTL Irish self, Al Smith without morals, WJB without pretend morals and Huey Long, also shades of FDR and Jackson to lighten things up.) Campaigned heavily in the South, first in defense of the holdouts of segregation and eventually for the "Southern Way of Life" that was non-legal segregation. Only major Non-Southern gain from 1932 was the Democratic retaking of New York.
[28] - James P. Cannon temporally revived Socialist fortunes, with 1 in 12 Americans voting for him. The last Socialist ticket before the British refugees and News from the Revolution and Civil War would come to America's shores.
[29] - Borah's death would allow Roosevelt to ascend to the top, while Borah's survival would probably have seen someone else lined up to gain the Republican nomination in 1940. The 1940 Convention was notable for Roosevelt's speech in a Black Uniform, and the use of European filmmakers to orchestrate a convention for presentation to the American public with aura of power.
[30] - Roosevelt / McNary oversaw the revitalization of US forces in the aftermath of the British Revolution and the US reaction in the Congo to the rise of Kimbalugism. Roosevelt also was the first American President to develop backroom ties to the German Government and the nations of the Manila Pact, with a series of Informal agreements to deal with the rising threat of Syndicalism, breaking with his Predecessors strict neutrality, while continuing a US policy of refusing to recognize the FWR.
[31] - Dev would lose New York state and blame his losses on the "Ghost" of Borah. Having lost the governorship this election (With New York remaining on a two year term) he would regain in in 1942 and hold it for a few more years as he rebuilt his image, and developed his popularity in a skeptically Anti-Catholic South.
[32] - Maynard C. Krueger / James W. Ford (Socialist) would bring to the table the first Black candidate by a party of note, but would be just as noted for being the first Socialist Ticket since 1908 to fall below one million votes. Splits in the party would continue at an accelerating rate, and thus this would mark the last organized ticket of the party before obscurity for the American Radical Left.
[33] - With Dev sitting out and Roosevelt's popularity continuing to rise with all of the Republican base except Blacks (He having inherited his Father's Paternal Racism), South Carolina's James Brynes (First Southerner at the top of a major ticket since before the Civil War) came to plate and failed to even hold the Solid South together (And not just losing Texas, Tennessee, and Mississippi). Machine foot solider McNutt failing to bring anything else to the table on his own.
[34] - In 1948, Roosevelt having been the longest serving President of all time, went for his own, elected third term. And it was then that the Rivalry with Dev, came to an end. It has been 16 years since Roosevelt had first joined the Republican ticket and it was this time that he went too far. Dev was elected in how own right, and would spend his term doing what he could to empower the machine, and not support Civil Rights. His Great Society programs to help the poor (While keeping them that way), included reeducation camps for wayward youth, both the gang, and "Sexual divenent" (Gays, unmarried pregant girls, etc.) crowds. First Catholic president.
[35] - And then for Dev it all came crashing down, for 20 years he and Roosevelt had dueled and he was defeated by the man who had defeated his rival for the nomination, Henry A. Wallace. Wallace's anti-corruption ticket proved highly popular, and was swept in on a landslide, aided by the FWR-enduced recession that had hit US markets in 1950. Oversaw the passage of the ERA during his first term.
[36] - HHH led a revolt in the Democrats calling for Civil Rights measures to be accepted by the party and for the end of the Democratic National Machine. Won two states.
[37] - Wallace's second term, with Prescott Bush as his moderate VP, was centered on a growing conflict in Africa, as Kimbalugists attempted to overthrow simaltaniously the government of the Congo Free State, Portugal-in-Angola and the Kantangan Workers Republic. The "African Great War" would expand and expand dragging in most of the European Powers into a shooting war, and the destruction of the East African Federation, the Katangan FWR (Annexed by South Africa) and years of quagmire. US Forces at various times fought rebels in the Congo of the religious and Marxist variety, the FWR navy and the Angolans. The war would drag on for years to come after the inital massive and bloody flare up as it turned into an Insurgency/Counter-Insurgency fight for the remainder of Wallace's administration and beyond.
[38] - Stuart Symingtons run with the Democrat from Wisconsin marked the triumph of Anti-Machine Democrats, without it they didn't do great, but both men were proud to declare they had fought fair. Symington and McCarthy would both return to Congress, where McCarthy would return to his quiet backbench and die within a year, while Symington would campaign hard for a stronger military to stand against the FWR and the Russians.
[39] - Stevenson had hoped on taking office to see an end to the War in Africa, instead he oversaw its expansion as US forces began Cross-River raids into the Congolese Worker's Republic and the fall of Kesselring's East African Federation saw chaos spill into Somalia and Italian East Africa. Stevenson would prove unable to end the war though in negotiations to end it he became the first US President to formally recognize the FWR in an attempt to secure a peace that didn't come. His poor health would see that his first term would be his only term as he stepped down, calling for more militaristic leadership.
[40] - Robert B. Meyner would prove just that force, keeping control in the Democrats he would see the deployment of a large conscript Army to the Congo and eventually, secure independence for the colony under its own Liberal Government. Oversaw the deployment of US Marines to the French Coast when the war against Algerian rebels in that country turned into a Syndicalist sponsored Civil War. At home saw the introduction of busing, and appointed the first Black Supreme Court Justice (Martin Luther King, Jr. who here was an attorney).
[41] - Sore Convention Loser Smathers would take Meyner's positive Race Relations stance and lead a Southern Revolt which would win 3 states and destroy his political career.
[42] - George Romney, Pro-Civil Rights governor of Michigan, ran with the Senator from Maryland who was the first Black candidate of a major party for the Vice-Presidency. Had they won California though, they would have won. Romney after his second defeat would spend the next four years as a special diplomat for Meyner in helping warm Hispanidad-US relations to help contain syndicalism in the Americas to the West Indies Workers Republic.
[43] - Ronald Reagan, Actor turned Democratic Congressmen would lose his race for the Vice Presidency and simultaneously, his attempt to secure a California Senator's seat thus ending his political career in one evening.
[44] - And then Marshall won it for himself. Durring his term in office, France's attempted Revolution ended with continued Liberal Government, South Africa liberalized racially while renewing its ties with Australia, West Australia and New Zealand, and Moseley in the FWR finally died. The death of the great leader (Big Brother as he was called by the common workers in the former UK) would plunge the Federation into a leadership crisis which turned Civil War as Syndicalists in the British Isles and India turned against each other before his body turned cold. The world was plunged into Chaos. Across Africa FWR forces turned against each other, while Nationalists attempted to free their own nations. Marshall ordered the Marines into Guyana, Belize, Jamaica and the rest of the Syndicalist islands in the Caribbean (And Bermuda) to secure the hemisphere. And then Russia and Japan attacked China again. Germany was forced to intervene and France saw renewed Syndicalist revolts. The Second Great War was well underway when Japanese submarines sank several US ships bound for China leading to a declaration of War on the US' part. In the end Russia saw the Czar killed and a Liberal Democracy of shakey credentials installed, and Millions of Chinese troops occupying Japan's home islands having fought their way off the beaches. For the FWR, India had lost the West African republics, but maintained its grip in the Indian ocean. The West African Republics had fallen to European or Nationalist forces, and the British Isles were cut off under a Syndicalist Junta, with no diplomatic or trade ties to anyone.
[45] - In the midst of the war, the Democrats ran an Anti-War candidate. He did not do well.
[46] - Neither did his Southern Racist dick counterpart, who only won South Carolina, a win which ensured that major Federal resources would be sent to break down racial barriers in that one holdout state.
[47] - By the time Marshall stepped down, the FWR-in-India had started to collapse in on itself, as Caliphate Forces wrecked its control of Yemen and Somaliland, and the government lost control of Death Squads on the continent proper. And in the British Isles the Three Workers Repubics there were by all reports starting to starve as their own death squads working for the new Big Brother, fought to maintain control by bombing their own people from helicopters. Bradley was meeting with German and allied leaders about a new course of action in dealing with each state, as well as the Russian situation when he was killed by a Syndicalist gunmen, along with the President of France.
[48] - Meaning the simmering crisis would have to be handled by America's first Female President, the Iron Lady, Pat Schroder. And it was under her watch that in 1984 negotiations with the regime in London came to a fruition and Britain was opened to international aid and the Syndicalist regime gave in at last. US Peacekeeping troops would play a key part in the rebuilding while in India, the regime in charge would reorganize the nation into 6 workers Republics (Ceylon included) and seek to begin "reforms", as it kept its organization in power while giving up on the Evangelical fight at last.
[49]- And thus it was in Schroders second term, as the world at last began to settle down. A final note was that in 1989 under International control the world's first atomic weapon was detonated, too late to have been used in the Second Great War, thankfully, and research began into developing the technology for energy purposes. US peacekeeping commitments though would make sure that the Iron Lady would not be popular enough to run for a third term, inspire of the US triumphs on the world stage.
[50] - And then came Congressmen Nader, who in turn would start to see the end of US peacekeeping commitments, the continual normalization of relations with the FWR-India, and the recession that would begin with the Russian Democratic Republic's coup in 1994, denying its markets and resources to the world for some time. Nader though would continue to aid the rebuilding of Britain as that nation, unlike the Russians and many others began to flourish under a new Democratic Government, not led by exiles but by generations of dissidents which had stayed home, and sided with the Workers against the Worker's Regime.
Spoilers.
EdT's British Political Timeline can be found Here. If you have not read it, as well as the supplementary stuff, I pity you. Worth noting the Supplementals provided me with the list of Presidents from 1885 to 1944, adjusted to deal with the fact that there was no system to replace dead VPs before the next election, as well as the main opposition tickets for 1884, 1888, 1892, and 1940. Though the 1892 VP pick made little sense IMO. Everything else, I made up, so blame me, not Ed. If I don't get over my Bob Lee's Body related writers block, I'll get around to figuring out the politics of other states, if other folks don't beat me too it.
I don't really know what was wrong with me doing those footnotes, so please comment or I'll be left wondering what I did that for, forever.
1885-1885: S. Grover Cleveland / Thomas A. Hendricks (Democratic)
1884: James G. Blaine / John A. Logan (Republican)
1885-1889: S. Grover Cleveland / vacant (Democratic)
1889-1893: S. Grover Cleveland / Allen G. Thurman (Democratic)
1888: Benjamin Harrison / Levi P. Morton (Republican)
1893-1897: Joseph B. Foraker / Thomas B. Reed (Republican)[1]
1892: John G. Carlisle / Adlai Stevenson I (Democratic)[2], James B. Weaver / James G. Field (Populist)
1897-1901: William J. Bryan / James S. Hogg (Democratic / Populist) [3]
1896: William J. Bryan / Thomas E. Watson (Populist), Joseph B. Foraker / Thomas B. Reed (Republican), Edward S. Bragg / Philip W. McKinney (National “Gold” Democratic)[4]
1901-1906: Henry Cabot Lodge / Robert R. Hitt (Republican)[5]
1900: William J. Bryan / James S. Hogg, Marion Butler (Democratic, Populist), William F. Vilas / Simon B. Buckner (National Democratic)[6], Eugene V. Debs / Job Harriman (Social Democratic)[7]
1904: Richard Olney / Joseph C. S. Blackburn (Democratic)[8], Marion Butler / Charles A. Towne (Populist)[9], Eugene V. Debs / Benjamin Hanford (Socialist)
1906-1909: Henry Cabot Lodge / vacant (Republican)
1909-1909: William R. Hearst / John A. Johnson (Democratic)[10]
1908: James S. Sherman / George L. Sheldon (Republican)[11], Maximilian S. Hayes / William E. Walling (Socialist)[12], William H. Harvey / Thomas E. Watson (Populist)[13]
1909-1913: William R. Hearst / vacant (Democratic)
1913-1917: William R. Hearst / William G. McAdoo (Democratic)[14]
1912: Robert M. LaFollette, Sr. / Herbert S. Hadley (Republican)[15], William D. Haywood / Julius A. Wayland (Socialist)[16]
1917-1921: Leonard Wood / Miles Poindexter (Republican)[17]
1916: James B. Clark / William Sulzer (Democratic), Eugene V. Debs / Arthur E. Reimer (Socialist)[18]
1921-1925: George C. Pardee / William C. Sproul (Republican)[19]
1920: Harry Lane / Thomas R. Marshall (Democratic)[20], Leonard Wood / Miles Poindexter (National Republican), Arthur Le Seur / Allen L. Benson (Socialist)
1925-1933: Albert C. Ritchie / William H. Murray (Democratic)[21]
1924: George C. Pardee / William C. Sproul (Republican), William D. Haywood / August Gilhaus (Socialist)[22]
1928: Charles G. Dawes / Henry C. Wallace (Republican)[23], William Z. Foster / Robert N. Baldwin (Socialist)[24]
1933-1939: William E. Borah / Quentin Roosevelt (Republican)[25]
1932: Cordell Hull / John P. Tumulty (Democratic), Norman M. Thomas / Jay Lovestone (Socialist)[26]
1936: Eamon de Valera / Jesse H. Jones (Democratic)[27], James P. Cannon / James H. Mauer (Socialist)[28]
1939-1941: Quentin Roosevelt / vacant (Republican)[29]
1941-1944: Quentin Roosevelt / Charles L. McNary (Republican)[30]
1940: Eamon de Valera / John H. Bankhead II (Democratic)[31], Maynard C. Krueger / James W. Ford (Socialist)[32]
1944-1945: Quentin Roosevelt / vacant (Republican)
1945-1949: Quentin Roosevelt / Herbert C. Hoover (Republican)
1944: James F. Byrnes / Paul V. McNutt (Democratic)[33]
1949-1953: Eamon de Valera / Richard B. Russell, Jr. (Democratic)[34]
1948: Quentin Roosevelt / Herbert C. Hoover (Republican)
1953-1956: Henry A. Wallace / Vito A. Marcantonio (Republican)[35]
1952: Eamon de Valera / Richard B. Russell, Jr. (Democratic), Hubert H. Humphrey Jr. / Paul A. Denver (Reform)[36]
1956-1957: Henry A. Wallace / vacant (Republican)
1957-1961: Henry A. Wallace / Prescott S. Bush (Republican)[37]
1956: W. Stuart Symington / Joseph R. McCarthy (Democratic)[38]
1961-1965: Adlai E. Stevenson II / George A. Smathers (Democratic)[39]
1960: Prescott S. Bush / Wayne L. Morse (Republican)
1965-1973: Robert B. Meyner / Samuel W. Yorty (Democratic)[40]
1964: George W. Romney / J. Lawton Collins (Republican), George A. Smathers / J. Strom Thurmond (States’ Rights Democratic)[41]
1968: George W. Romney / Thurgood Marshall (Republican)[42], John R. Rarick / Ronald W. Reagan (States’ Rights Democratic)[43]
1973-1981: Thurgood Marshall / Elliot L. Richardson (Republican)[44]
1972: Walter F. Mondale / John V. Lindsey (Democratic)
1976: Frank F. Church III / R. Sargent Shriver (Democratic)[45], Jesse A. Helms, Jr. / Paul D. Harkins (Free American)[46]
1981-1982: William W. Bradley / Patricia N. S. Schroeder (Democratic)[47]
1980: Howard H. Baker, Jr. / Pierre S. Du Point IV (Republican)
1982-1985: Patricia N. S. Schroeder / vacant (Democratic)[48]
1985-1989: Patricia N. S. Schroeder / Daniel P. Moynihan (Democratic)[49]
1984: Elliot L. Richardson / John A. Anderson (Republican)
1989-1993: Ralph Nader / Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr. (Democratic)[50]
1988: George H. W. Bush / Jack F. Kemp (Republican)
Notes
[1] - Foraker's term was a short and unpleasant one, the latest Ohio Republican attempted to solve the economic depression America was slipping into by raising tariffs, which in turn just caused more labor unrest in the US. Most notable for continuing President Cleveland's practice of supporting the monarchy in Hawaii and the transfer of the Protectorate of the Congo Free State from King Leopold to the office of the President, which in turn meant his last weeks in office did end with a nice internationalist capstone.
[2] - David B. Hill would have had little reason to accept a demotion to the Vice Presidency like Ed had him accept. Its much more likely that he'd have accepted a post such as Secretary of State or Treasury. Instead as a sop to the rising populist movement, just like IOTL, the Democrats go with Pro-Silver, Pro-Business Adlai Stevenson. It doesn't help.
[3] - Senator Bryan and Governor Hogg come in thanks to Foraker's inability to turn the economic situation in the country around. Bryan's large plans to reform the country though with the creation of entitlements, income taxes, Free Silver and and redistribution. He found quickly that Conservative Democrats and Republicans were in a position to make sure none of that happened. The failure to pass a Silver bill, and the economic recovery that came anyway assured the term was not remembered too well.
[4] - Part of the reason that Bryan was able to win was the Gold breakaway Democrats were even weaker then IOTL and unable to sap away votes. Bragg / McKinney though was a pretty balanced ticket North and South.
[5] - Henry Cabot Lodge came in on the tails of Bryan's failures bringing Progressive governance to America for the first time. Experts were appointed to the cabinet and Exerts reorganized the US Army and Navy based on European Experiences in the late Entente War. Most notable as President for the passage of a follow up to his prized 1890 Enforcement Act which was Pocket Vetoed by the House, in 1902. The Force Act empowered US Marshalls and in some circumstances Federalized Militia or US Armed Forces to ensure fair voting for Federal Elections, that is to say ensured eligible Black Voters remained eligible and counted.
[6] - William F. Villas in the face of continued Bryanite dominance had no problem running as a National Democrat, with Buckner as his VP they did what Bragg was unable to, and broke Bryan's voting blocks.
[7] - The Social Democratic party formed in a similar manner to IOTL though with a more inclusive ideology which over the years would allow for Socialist Labor and Syndicalist entries to continue and grow.
[8] - Following the failure of Bryan the Populists were chased from power, the 1904 Democratic ticket though attempted with Blackburn to appeal to Southern voters and Populists while Olney's nomination marked the triumph of the National Democrats
[9] - Populist Senator Butler and Charles A. Towne marked the separation of the Populists and Democrats by winning one state, that of Colorado.
[10] - Hearst's election brought in another Self Declared Progressive, though historians have debated the authenticity of his claims for such ever since. Hearst is generally remembered for his "Politics of Grandeur", the development of a National Democratic Political Machine, and the passage of Old Age Pensions. In 1913 oversaw a War Scare with Britain, over a British Companies attempt to secure land in Colombia to build a Inter-Ocean Canal. Secured the Nicaraguan Purchase for the completion of a US Controlled sea route upon the fall of the Unionist Government in the UK.
[11] - Sherman / Sheldon was nominated because of Sherman's respectability to both Conservative and Progressive factions of the Party, while Sheldon served as a patsy for Theodore Roosevelt, who unable to arrive at the convention in time did serve as a Republican Kingmaker by telegraph.
[12] - Debs stepped down in 1908 to Run for Congress (He won his seat and would there after take the Illinois Senate Seat, a single feat in the history of the Socialist Party of America), Max Hayes, a former challanger in the AFL marked the rise of Syndicalism in American Socialism. And was able to secure a popular vote total akin to the widely Respected Debs all the same.
[13] - William Jennings Bryan's Campaign Manager, and Postmaster and the long suffering Congressman Watson were unable to revive Populist fortunes as the party finally faded into obscurity.
[14] - McAdoo was a surprise choose but his relationship with Ambassador to the Court of St. James Woodrow Wilson (Before his untimely assassination in London) helped secure a young fresh face for the ticket in the face of Questions about Hearst's associations and business dealings with Oil Companies and Federal leases.
[15] - Robert La Follette's run was hampered from the start by Yellow Press accusations about his mental health, none the less has he won just two more states with under 15,000 votes between them, he would have been the next president. Questions about the results from Mississippi and California would lead many to say for years the election was stolen.
[16] - Big Bill Haywood, chair of the IWW and major Socialist Party Figure won a million votes with his Syndicalist language. His coattails in turn brought half a dozen Socialists to Congress. Though many in the Old Guard of the party were uncomfortable with him and the Socialist Labor party veterans who backed him.
[17] - Leonard Wood, ally of the Late Teddy Roosevelt and hero of the Congo would eventually be remembered for only one thing. Mexico. The controversial US intervention he would order into the country would tear the nation apart, as would his use of Federalized militia to break Anti-War strikes that followed. Casualties were high, results were limited, and the Mexican PR campaign against it was massively successful in the United States thus assuring that Wood would be remembered as one of the nations greatest failures. (On another AH.com he gets the Wilson Hate FYI)
[18] - Senator Debs returned to the Ticket in 1916, campaigning with alot of support from the IWW and Haywood, around this time the AFL begain to fold up due to Union defections and Debs would use this to win more then 6% of the National Vote.
[19] - Pardee was elected in a close race after the RNC dumped Wood, who in turn continued to run as an Independent. It was Pardee who immediately began to withdraw the Army from Mexico and normalize relations with the new government there. Pardee though doubled down at home, rejecting Wood's Lily White GOP and passing two landmark laws over the heads of the battered Segregationists of the South, the reenstatement of the Enforcement Act which had been crippled by Hearst, and the 1921 Federal Anti-Lynching Act which turned those monstrous events into Federal Crimes.
[20] - Harry Lane, sick, and dying ran a brilliant campaign in 1920 against the Intervention which he so vigorously opposed. His speeches also showed support for Civil Rights which cost him the win, but meant that when he died that November his legacy would help Pardee pass his own legislation, and of course helped ensure the Mexican Pullout.
[21] - Ritchie was elected due to the economic collapse that hit in the last months of Pardee's term. Cutting Government spending did little to help people quickly but it did allow for the continued growth of the Democratic National Machine of Hearst as local and state parties used trickle down graft to help the poor. By 1928 the economy has recovered mostly in urban areas to assure Ritchies reelection, his second term being focused entirely on counter-acting his old stances to help fight the Dust Bowl in the midwest. As a lame duck, Ritchie would assure his legacy by helping Canada and Newfoundland declare their Neutrality in the Great War, and create the Exclusion Zone to prevent a Royal Navy retaliation for this desertion by the two new Republics.
[22] - Haywood's return saw Socialist fortunes return to the upswing after the Compromise ticket of 1920 failed to keep the fire lit. The memory of Debs and the IWW at the height of its Power assured that nearly 10% of the country voted for Haywood. The years that followed though would not be kind as IWW membership begain a downswing as other Independent Unions formed seeking better pay rather then revolution, and many of the IWW's leading members went to die in Portugal.
[23] - Dawes the Economic leader of the Republicans and Henry C. Wallace (Father of the future President) and party Agricultural expert attempted to bring the party back to victory, but found economic recovery a hard pill to swallow.
[24] - Syndicalist Foster was able to keep the party vote total above 2 million but it didn't do too much good.
[25] - Progressive William E. Borah came into the White House promising more then just bandages, and he quickly delivered in the first 100 days of his term, seeing the passage of a Welfare package to help the poor, the creation of a University of the United States, and a year later the 1934 Civil Rights act and the 1935 Voting Rights Act which would serve in coming years to finally break the back of Legal Segregation. Borah continued the Ritchie doctrine, having the US Navy patrol the exclusion zone and recognizing that Canada and Newfoundland needed US aid to stay out of the European War. Attempts to influence Liberal Republican and Neutral theory in the British Carribean failed to have an impact and that region would become the West Indian Worker's Republic after the Red Revolution in 1938-1940. Borah refused to allow US companies to supply the Blue Forces in the British Civil War which many would later blame for that side's defeat. Died in office of a Stroke in late 1939. His young Congressmen-turned-VP was a major face though the entirety of the administration, a corporate manager for Borah's corporate visionary-president.
[26] - Thomas the "Moderate" and Lovestone the Syndicalist were the first Socialist ticket to drop under 1.5 million since 1908.
[27] - The Governor of New York won the ticket in 1936 having been denied in by a slim margin at the '32 convention. A leading figure of Tammany Hall, he called for populist reforms, including a national income, and ruthlessly worked to centralize the Democratic National Machine. (See a mixture of his IOTL Irish self, Al Smith without morals, WJB without pretend morals and Huey Long, also shades of FDR and Jackson to lighten things up.) Campaigned heavily in the South, first in defense of the holdouts of segregation and eventually for the "Southern Way of Life" that was non-legal segregation. Only major Non-Southern gain from 1932 was the Democratic retaking of New York.
[28] - James P. Cannon temporally revived Socialist fortunes, with 1 in 12 Americans voting for him. The last Socialist ticket before the British refugees and News from the Revolution and Civil War would come to America's shores.
[29] - Borah's death would allow Roosevelt to ascend to the top, while Borah's survival would probably have seen someone else lined up to gain the Republican nomination in 1940. The 1940 Convention was notable for Roosevelt's speech in a Black Uniform, and the use of European filmmakers to orchestrate a convention for presentation to the American public with aura of power.
[30] - Roosevelt / McNary oversaw the revitalization of US forces in the aftermath of the British Revolution and the US reaction in the Congo to the rise of Kimbalugism. Roosevelt also was the first American President to develop backroom ties to the German Government and the nations of the Manila Pact, with a series of Informal agreements to deal with the rising threat of Syndicalism, breaking with his Predecessors strict neutrality, while continuing a US policy of refusing to recognize the FWR.
[31] - Dev would lose New York state and blame his losses on the "Ghost" of Borah. Having lost the governorship this election (With New York remaining on a two year term) he would regain in in 1942 and hold it for a few more years as he rebuilt his image, and developed his popularity in a skeptically Anti-Catholic South.
[32] - Maynard C. Krueger / James W. Ford (Socialist) would bring to the table the first Black candidate by a party of note, but would be just as noted for being the first Socialist Ticket since 1908 to fall below one million votes. Splits in the party would continue at an accelerating rate, and thus this would mark the last organized ticket of the party before obscurity for the American Radical Left.
[33] - With Dev sitting out and Roosevelt's popularity continuing to rise with all of the Republican base except Blacks (He having inherited his Father's Paternal Racism), South Carolina's James Brynes (First Southerner at the top of a major ticket since before the Civil War) came to plate and failed to even hold the Solid South together (And not just losing Texas, Tennessee, and Mississippi). Machine foot solider McNutt failing to bring anything else to the table on his own.
[34] - In 1948, Roosevelt having been the longest serving President of all time, went for his own, elected third term. And it was then that the Rivalry with Dev, came to an end. It has been 16 years since Roosevelt had first joined the Republican ticket and it was this time that he went too far. Dev was elected in how own right, and would spend his term doing what he could to empower the machine, and not support Civil Rights. His Great Society programs to help the poor (While keeping them that way), included reeducation camps for wayward youth, both the gang, and "Sexual divenent" (Gays, unmarried pregant girls, etc.) crowds. First Catholic president.
[35] - And then for Dev it all came crashing down, for 20 years he and Roosevelt had dueled and he was defeated by the man who had defeated his rival for the nomination, Henry A. Wallace. Wallace's anti-corruption ticket proved highly popular, and was swept in on a landslide, aided by the FWR-enduced recession that had hit US markets in 1950. Oversaw the passage of the ERA during his first term.
[36] - HHH led a revolt in the Democrats calling for Civil Rights measures to be accepted by the party and for the end of the Democratic National Machine. Won two states.
[37] - Wallace's second term, with Prescott Bush as his moderate VP, was centered on a growing conflict in Africa, as Kimbalugists attempted to overthrow simaltaniously the government of the Congo Free State, Portugal-in-Angola and the Kantangan Workers Republic. The "African Great War" would expand and expand dragging in most of the European Powers into a shooting war, and the destruction of the East African Federation, the Katangan FWR (Annexed by South Africa) and years of quagmire. US Forces at various times fought rebels in the Congo of the religious and Marxist variety, the FWR navy and the Angolans. The war would drag on for years to come after the inital massive and bloody flare up as it turned into an Insurgency/Counter-Insurgency fight for the remainder of Wallace's administration and beyond.
[38] - Stuart Symingtons run with the Democrat from Wisconsin marked the triumph of Anti-Machine Democrats, without it they didn't do great, but both men were proud to declare they had fought fair. Symington and McCarthy would both return to Congress, where McCarthy would return to his quiet backbench and die within a year, while Symington would campaign hard for a stronger military to stand against the FWR and the Russians.
[39] - Stevenson had hoped on taking office to see an end to the War in Africa, instead he oversaw its expansion as US forces began Cross-River raids into the Congolese Worker's Republic and the fall of Kesselring's East African Federation saw chaos spill into Somalia and Italian East Africa. Stevenson would prove unable to end the war though in negotiations to end it he became the first US President to formally recognize the FWR in an attempt to secure a peace that didn't come. His poor health would see that his first term would be his only term as he stepped down, calling for more militaristic leadership.
[40] - Robert B. Meyner would prove just that force, keeping control in the Democrats he would see the deployment of a large conscript Army to the Congo and eventually, secure independence for the colony under its own Liberal Government. Oversaw the deployment of US Marines to the French Coast when the war against Algerian rebels in that country turned into a Syndicalist sponsored Civil War. At home saw the introduction of busing, and appointed the first Black Supreme Court Justice (Martin Luther King, Jr. who here was an attorney).
[41] - Sore Convention Loser Smathers would take Meyner's positive Race Relations stance and lead a Southern Revolt which would win 3 states and destroy his political career.
[42] - George Romney, Pro-Civil Rights governor of Michigan, ran with the Senator from Maryland who was the first Black candidate of a major party for the Vice-Presidency. Had they won California though, they would have won. Romney after his second defeat would spend the next four years as a special diplomat for Meyner in helping warm Hispanidad-US relations to help contain syndicalism in the Americas to the West Indies Workers Republic.
[43] - Ronald Reagan, Actor turned Democratic Congressmen would lose his race for the Vice Presidency and simultaneously, his attempt to secure a California Senator's seat thus ending his political career in one evening.
[44] - And then Marshall won it for himself. Durring his term in office, France's attempted Revolution ended with continued Liberal Government, South Africa liberalized racially while renewing its ties with Australia, West Australia and New Zealand, and Moseley in the FWR finally died. The death of the great leader (Big Brother as he was called by the common workers in the former UK) would plunge the Federation into a leadership crisis which turned Civil War as Syndicalists in the British Isles and India turned against each other before his body turned cold. The world was plunged into Chaos. Across Africa FWR forces turned against each other, while Nationalists attempted to free their own nations. Marshall ordered the Marines into Guyana, Belize, Jamaica and the rest of the Syndicalist islands in the Caribbean (And Bermuda) to secure the hemisphere. And then Russia and Japan attacked China again. Germany was forced to intervene and France saw renewed Syndicalist revolts. The Second Great War was well underway when Japanese submarines sank several US ships bound for China leading to a declaration of War on the US' part. In the end Russia saw the Czar killed and a Liberal Democracy of shakey credentials installed, and Millions of Chinese troops occupying Japan's home islands having fought their way off the beaches. For the FWR, India had lost the West African republics, but maintained its grip in the Indian ocean. The West African Republics had fallen to European or Nationalist forces, and the British Isles were cut off under a Syndicalist Junta, with no diplomatic or trade ties to anyone.
[45] - In the midst of the war, the Democrats ran an Anti-War candidate. He did not do well.
[46] - Neither did his Southern Racist dick counterpart, who only won South Carolina, a win which ensured that major Federal resources would be sent to break down racial barriers in that one holdout state.
[47] - By the time Marshall stepped down, the FWR-in-India had started to collapse in on itself, as Caliphate Forces wrecked its control of Yemen and Somaliland, and the government lost control of Death Squads on the continent proper. And in the British Isles the Three Workers Repubics there were by all reports starting to starve as their own death squads working for the new Big Brother, fought to maintain control by bombing their own people from helicopters. Bradley was meeting with German and allied leaders about a new course of action in dealing with each state, as well as the Russian situation when he was killed by a Syndicalist gunmen, along with the President of France.
[48] - Meaning the simmering crisis would have to be handled by America's first Female President, the Iron Lady, Pat Schroder. And it was under her watch that in 1984 negotiations with the regime in London came to a fruition and Britain was opened to international aid and the Syndicalist regime gave in at last. US Peacekeeping troops would play a key part in the rebuilding while in India, the regime in charge would reorganize the nation into 6 workers Republics (Ceylon included) and seek to begin "reforms", as it kept its organization in power while giving up on the Evangelical fight at last.
[49]- And thus it was in Schroders second term, as the world at last began to settle down. A final note was that in 1989 under International control the world's first atomic weapon was detonated, too late to have been used in the Second Great War, thankfully, and research began into developing the technology for energy purposes. US peacekeeping commitments though would make sure that the Iron Lady would not be popular enough to run for a third term, inspire of the US triumphs on the world stage.
[50] - And then came Congressmen Nader, who in turn would start to see the end of US peacekeeping commitments, the continual normalization of relations with the FWR-India, and the recession that would begin with the Russian Democratic Republic's coup in 1994, denying its markets and resources to the world for some time. Nader though would continue to aid the rebuilding of Britain as that nation, unlike the Russians and many others began to flourish under a new Democratic Government, not led by exiles but by generations of dissidents which had stayed home, and sided with the Workers against the Worker's Regime.
