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AndrewH's Test Thread

1929 - 1933: Herbert Hoover / Charles Curtis (Republican)
defeated, 1928: Al Smith / Joseph T. Robinson (Democratic)
1933 - 1941: Burton Wheeler / Hugo Black (Democratic)
defeated, 1932: Herbert Hoover / Charles Curtis (Republican)
defeated, 1936: Hamilton Fish III / C. Douglass Buck (Republican)
1941 - 1942: Arthur Vandenberg / Gerald Nye (Republican)
defeated, 1940: Hugo Black / Sheridan Downey (Democratic), Huey Long / Elmer Benson (People’s)
1942 - 1945: Arthur Vandenberg / Vacant (Republican)
1945 - ???: James V. Allred / James V. Forrestal (Democratic)
defeated, 1944: Patrick Hurley / Albert Coady Wedemeyer (Republican)
defeated, 1948: John G. Winant / John Bricker (Republican)

1937 - 1940: Neville Chamberlain (Conservative leading National Government)
1937 (Minority): Clement Attlee (Labour), John Simon (Liberal National), Archibald Sinclair (Liberal), James Maxton (Ind. Labour), Oswald Mosley (BUF)
1940 - ???: Clement Attlee (Labour)
1940 (Majority): Neville Chamberlain (Conservative), Geoffrey Mander (Liberal), Ernest Brown (Liberal National), James Maxton (Ind. Labour)
1947 (Majority): E.F.L. Wood (Conservative), Percy Harris (Liberal), James Henderson-Stewart (Liberal National & Conservative), John McNair (Ind. Labour)

1927 - 1945: Benito Mussolini (National Fascist)
1945 - 1945: Cesare Maria De Vecchi (National Fascist)
1945 - 1946: Ugo la Malfa (Action)
1946 - ???: Alcide De Gasperi (Christian Democracy)
defeated, 1946: Palmiro Togliatti (Communist), Pietro Nenni (Socialist)

1945 - 1947: Cornelius Wickersham (AMGOT)
1947 - ???: Maurice Schumann (Popular Republican Movement)
1947: François de La Rocque (CNR), Maurice Thorez (Communist), Guy Mollet (SFIO), Georges Bidault (MRP)

1936 - 1943: Francisco Franco (Falangist)
1943 - ???: Diego Barrio (Republican Union)
defeated, 1945: José María Gil-Robles (Popular Christian), Juan Negrín (PSOE)

1943 - ???: Chiang Kai-shek (Kuomintang)
 
Speakers of U.S. House of Representatives, 1969 - present:
1969 - 1971: John McCormack (Democratic)
1971 - 1975: Carl Albert (Democratic)
1975 - 1987: Hales Boggs (Democratic)
1989 - 1991: David Bonior (Democratic)
1991 - present: Connie Mack III (Republican)

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 1969 - present:
1964 - 1970: Harold Wilson (Labour)
1970 - 1977: Ed Heath (Conservative)
1977 - 1979: William Whitelaw (Conservative)
1979 - 1980: Geoffrey Howe (Conservative)
1980 - 1991: Michael Foot (Labour)
1991 - 1994: John Prescott (Labour)
1994 - 2004: Chris Patten (Conservative)
2004 - 2006: Michael Howard (Conservative)
2006 - 2011: Ken Livingstone (Labour)
2011 - 2016: Liam Fox (Conservative)
2016 - present: Alistair Darling (Labour)

Paramount Leaders of the People's Republic of China, 1969 - present:
1969 - 1976: Mao Zedong (CPC)
1976 - 1979: Hua Guofeng (CPC)
1979 - 1990: Zhao Ziyang (CPC)
1990 - present: Yang Shangkun (CPC)
 
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1997 - 2005: John Kasich / David Koch (Republican)
defeated, 1996: Tom Daschle / Sam Nunn (Democratic), Ralph Nader / Richard Hatcher (Peoples')
defeated, 2000: John Garamendi / Rufus Edmisten (Democratic), Dennis Kucinich / Peter Camejo (Peoples')
2005 - 2009: David Koch / Larry Pressler (Republican)
defeated, 2004: Dick Durbin / Martin O'Malley (Democratic)
2009 - 2017: Bob Casey, Jr. / Hilda Solis (Democratic)
defeated, 2008: David Koch / Larry Pressler (Republican)
defeated, 2012: Katherine Harris / Rob Portman (Republican)
2017 - present: Hilda Solis / Steve Bullock (Democratic)
defeated, 2016: Erik Prince / Jim Talent (Republican), Ralph Nader / Kyrsten Sinema (Independent)
 
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"Even for those who didn't live in the big cities, it seemed that every other day the local station was talking about another officer shot dead, another drug bust, another spree shooter, another bombing...

...Ron Paul and Ted Stevens were calling it 'the most egregious attack on civil liberties since the New Deal,' while liberals like Manny Celler and John Pastore cracked wise about the President taking the 'War on Poverty' a bit too literally.

...For Rockefeller had committed the ultimate blunder - he brought the war home."

“If Vietnam was the first TV war, Syria was the first 24/7 war. Viewers across the globe were constantly bombarded with images of the Euphrates choked with debris and dead bodies and videos of burning pumpjacks scattered across the desert. Ted Turner’s HLN became a major cable network overnight thanks to its around-the-clock coverage straight from Syria, settings aside entire six-hour blocks dedicating to theorizing where President al-Assad was hiding.”

"The names Debre, [INSERT IMPORTANT EUROPEAN FIGURE HERE] and Westmoreland became politically toxic almost overnight, as faithful allies beame doves almost overnight in desperate attempts to avoid political annihilation."

Rockefeller: Revise opening chapter at some point. Drowns Nixon in money and advertisements by painting him as a proven loser and uses Johnson’s tacit support in the general to beat Humphrey. Reagan nearly topples Rockefeller at the Convention, but in a reverse of the Treaty of Fifth Avenue, Nixon swings his support behind Rockefeller after numerous policy concessions and promising to make Nixon Sec. of State.

Reagan pushes for the AAA Bill to go further, completely turning conservatives away from Rocky (he also primaries him in ‘72), and liberals are pissed off at him. The economy is doing great, however, and Nixon promises an end to the war while Scoop Jackson flip-flops securing Rocky re-election.

Numerous scandal implicate Rocky in cheating on his wife and “turning the White House into a branch of Chase Bank.” Nixon wins nom in ‘76 as, ironically, one of the only men not really implicated by Rockefeller’s scandals. Picks a genius VP choice in Dan Evans (reformer that’s a bit of a clean break from the administration, while being one of the ‘good’ Rockefeller supporters)

Kasich: presides over global economic boom after collapse of increasingly isolated Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc

Nader: Expands size of House

Koch: huge scandal implicating him and his brother in bankrolling far-right Brazilian Presidential candidate while President (maybe Bolsonaro?). Economy explodes, maybe have it mirror the Lost Decade in Japan, have the Nader Tech Bubble burst.
 
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Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, 1931 - 1933:
1931 - 1933: Ramsay MacDonald (National Labour, leading National Government)
defeated, 1931: Stanley Baldwin (Conservative), Arthur Henderson (Labour), John Simon (National Liberal), Herbert Samuel (Liberal)

Premiers of the People's Republic of Great Britain, 1933 - 1974:
1934 - 1956: Harry Pollitt (CPGB)
1933: Popular Front, unopposed
1943: Popular Front, unopposed
defeated, 1953: Bob Edwards (SDF), Ernest Millington (Common Wealth)

1956 - 1966: Reg Birch (CPGB)
1956: Opposition to the CPGB banned
1966 - 1966: John Maxton (New Socialism)
1966 - 1967: Sid French (Counterrevolutionary Committee)
1967 - 1974: Sid French (CPGB)

Prime Ministers of the State of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 1974 - present:
1974 - 1978: Ian Paisley (Anglo-Irish Joint Occupational Force)
1978 - 1985: Ian Paisley (National Interest)
defeated, 1978: David Burnside (Democratic Unionist), James Chichester-Clark (National), Ian Gilmour (‘Continuity’ Conservative), Hugh Smyth (Democrats)
defeated, 1983: James Chichester-Clark (National Conservatives), Bill Craig (Democratic Unionist), Hugh Smyth (Democrats)
1985: Catholic and Labour parties legalized
1985 - 1993: Geoffrey Howe (National Interest)
defeated, 1988: Robin Jackson (Democratic Unionist), Eric Heffer (Labour), Shirley Williams (SDP), Leon Brittan (National Conservatives), Hugh Smyth (Democrats)
1993 - present: Robin Jackson (Democratic Unionist)
defeated, 1993: Geoffrey Howe (National Interest), David Owen (Labour), Norman Lamont (National Conservatives), Shirley Williams (SDP), Hugh Smyth (Democrats)
1995: Catholic and Labour parties banned
 
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1996 Democratic Primaries
Tom Daschle - 2,072 delegates - 4,401,644 votes
Zell Miller - 1,123 delegates - 3,952,323 votes
none of the above - 846 delegates - 2,087,959 votes
Marion Barry - 8 delegates - 96,892 votes
 
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1996 Republican Primaries
John Kasich - 1,371 delegates - 8,613,236 votes
Pete Coors - 566 delgates - 6,089,502 votes
Trent Lott - 38 delegates - 644,623 votes
 
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Electoral History of Ralph Nader
1972 - 1988: Private Citizen
1988: Independent, candidate in Democratic Presidential Primaries
1988: Shelley Silver, Lee Iacocca, Jesse Jackson, Andrew Young
1992: People's, candidate for President of the United States
1993 - 1997: People's, President of the United States
defeated, 1992: Phil Gramm / Helen Chenoweth (Republican), Bill Clinton / Steve Pajcic (Democratic)
1996: People's, candidate in primary for President of the United States of America
defeated, 1996: various minor candidates
1996: People's, candidate for President of the United States
1992: John Kasich / David Koch (Republican), Tom Daschle / Sam Nunn (Democratic)
1996 - 2016: Private Citizen
2016: Independent, candidate for President of the United States
2016: Hilda Solis / Steve Bullock (Democratic), Erik Prince / Jim Talent (Republican)
 
The career of Ralph Nader is, arguably, the most bizarre and fascinating in all of modern American history - a fierce critic of every single Administration going back to Johnson, Nader built his name on being a crusader for the American people. First, it was his blistering exposé Unsafe at Any Speed forcing Congress to administer new safety standards for motor vehicles, then it was Public Citizen revealing President Rockefeller's rampant corruption and nepotism. Soon enough, Nader took his crusade to the White House, temporarily breaking the two-party system.

In his four years in office, Nader did transform America - but not to the extent he desired, certainly not enough to keep the People's movement from flaming out in just a few short years. The troops were brought home from Syria after years of bloody and drawn-out fighting, GPS was introduced to the general public, new federal departments of Peace and Consumer Affairs along with state level Citizens' Utility Boards were created, finally fulfilling decades of liberal dreams, and most importantly, radical campaign finance and elections reform. Public campaign financing (funded through a mixed system of vouchers and optional donations through your taxes), a federally-binding none of the above ballot option, the establishment of Election Day as a federal holiday, and the creation of independent state commissions for the purpose of drawing Congressional districts. However, Nader's ambitions for "shareholder democracy" along with Senate term limits and automatic voter registration met an anticlimactic death in an increasingly unwelcoming Congress. Battles over Nader's intense cuts to Defense spending led to three separate government shutdowns, and both Republicans and Democrats found themselves working together to shut down the President's upstart movement.

1996 would be Nader's downfall, attacked on both sides by his unceasing antagonist John Kasich and one-time ally Tom Daschle, damned to be remembered only as a curiosity and outlier in the long story of American history. He fell back into his old habits of activism and dull reformism, but as the years went on, Nader felt an itch.
 
While the collapse of Richard Nixon’s 1968 campaign for the White House could be blamed on many things, historians agree that Gaylord Parkinson’s resignation from his post as Nixon’s campaign manager was the catalyst. Parkinson, the former chairman of the California G.O.P., found himself increasingly isolated in his line of work, his liberal Republicanism alienating Nixon’s increasingly conservative advisers. His wife also happened to be seriously ill, and the two didn’t have much time to spend together as Gaylord followed his boss around the country. But he figured he would wait it out – he had worked for Dick in 1960, he worked for him in 1962, and he would work for him in ’68, illness be damned. But as the months dragged on and Nixon ignored the day-to-day problems plaguing his staff, Parkinson couldn’t put up with it any longer. Parkinson, meeting with Nixon and his advisers in Washington, D.C., announced he would be leaving the campaign entirely.

The announcement left Nixon stunned – the Primaries were set to begin in February, leaving him just three months to try and find someone to fill Parkinson’s shoes. While Nixon took out his rage on his put-upon staff, the overriding feeling among the campaign was one of uncertainty. Who would replace him? Who could replace him? Names such as Henry Bellmon, Dean Burch and even Robert Finch were considered, but the job was finally given to Robert Ellsworth, a former Representative from Kansas and a policy adviser and confidante to Nixon. Ellsworth was little more than a puppet, someone who would do little more than act as Nixon’s mouthpiece while he was out on the stump; Richard Nixon was, for all intents and purposes, acting as his own campaign manager. While Nixon was an astute political mind in his own right, veterans from the 1968 campaign would often complain of the ramshackle nature of the entire affair, with Nixon micromanaging every last campaign stop and TV interview, often with less-than-positive results. Reporters noted that Nixon no longer seemed like the relaxed and cool frontrunner of a few weeks prior and had reverted to his old nervous, antagonistic self, and more than a few made the explicit connection between this change and Parkinson’s departure. Nixon left for a visit to Egypt on short notice in late December, leaving his campaign rudderless and unstable just over a month before the primaries were slated to begin.

The chaos plaguing the Nixon campaign did not go unnoticed. Governor Nelson Rockefeller, who had long been considering making a third run for the White House and who had previously declared his support for Michigan Governor George Romney, consulted with donors and supporters in early January on whether he should enter the race. Their advice was uniform; now’s the time, don’t miss your chance. On January 10th, in front of a throng of reporters inside the New York Executive Mansion, Nelson Rockefeller announced he was running for President. The race was currently between Rockefeller and Romney, with the field expected to grow once Nixon declared his intentions. Romney, for what its worth, was furious – not only had he been betrayed by his most prominent supporter, but staffers who had formerly worked for “Rocky” in 1964 began defecting back to their old boss, most prominently foreign policy adviser Henry Kissinger.

Nixon, ever the paranoiac, left nothing up to chance in advance of the New Hampshire. Fueled by Romney’s withdrawal just a week before the primary, Nixon toured the state in aggressive fashion, beefing up his conservative credentials by attacking New York’s expansive Medicaid program as “government overreach.” Rockefeller largely ignored the attacks, but a pointed endorsement of President Johnson’s proposal for an income tax surcharge of ten percent enraged conservatives. While Nixon’s turn to the right worked, the results were far from decisive; Nixon had won with 55% of the vote, with Rockefeller coming in second with 38%. While the headlines at the time were dominated by the news of Senator McCarthy’s strong performance in New Hampshire and President Johnson’s subsequent withdrawal, Rockefeller had overperformed expectations, seeing how New Hampshire had been predicted to be a landslide for Nixon by the political punditry.

Rockefeller used this pseudo-victory to its fullest extent, touting it as confirmation that his platform would resonate with Republican primary voters. And what was that platform? Sweeping cuts to Great Society programs designed to cut out bureaucratic bloat (notably advocating for the complete abolishment of the VISTA program), the adoption of the American Medical Association’s so-called ‘Eldercare,’ which would finance drugs and other secondary costs along with making the program entirely voluntary, and an accompanying 15% decrease on marginal income taxes over three years. Those weren’t the planks that grabbed people’s attention, however – Rockefeller’s “negotiated settlement” plan for Vietnam called for a withdrawal of 50,000 troops, putting troop numbers back under 500,000, but for all intents and purposes the war would continue until the North had been sorely beaten and was willing to make concessions. Anti-war activists would follow Rockefeller around the country, greeting him with jeers and NVA flags (infamously, Tom Hayden claimed that he “making money from killing babies”). Rockefeller’s full embrace of civil rights equally angered right-wing voters, who believed he was advocating for unconstitutional policies that infringed upon the individual’s right to discriminate as they pleased. Despite having these easy lines of attack against Rockefeller, Nixon instead chose to focus on going after his record as Governor of New York, which went largely ignored by primary voters.

The Wisconsin Primary lived up to the hype, with Nixon pulling in 70% of the vote, but Rockefeller’s win in Massachusetts and his upset victory in Indiana putting a halt to Nixon’s momentum. As the primaries went on and the Nixon began to look weaker, Rockefeller grew bolder and began probing Nixon’s agenda. “Richard Nixon says he wants to cut federal spending, but what exactly does he want to cut? Programs to help our nation’s elderly, or money needed for our boys in Vietnam?” was a common line on the stump. Nixon shot back and questioned why Rockefeller had refused to endorse Senator Goldwater in 1964. It went on like this, the two men trading blows as the weeks dragged on, with the two-man race solidifying with little upset.

Then, Ronald Reagan officially declared his candidacy for his party’s nomination. Reagan, the handsome face of the Republican right, radically shifted the dynamic of the race. Reagan and Rockefeller sandwiched Nixon between the left and the right, both men largely ignoring each other and choosing to focus their vitriol squarely on the former Vice-President. Nixon, while pleased to sell himself as the ideological center of the race, was uneasy with having to fight off two strong candidates who wanted to see his downfall. After Reagan picked up Oregon and California and Rockefeller edged out Nixon in New Jersey, no candidate seemed positioned to win the nomination at the Convention.

What happened at the 1968 RNC is the stuff of political legend, its legacy having effects on American politics even in 2019. Debates still rage over whether Reagan and Rockefeller made a secret arrangement to pressure Nixon out of the race, or whether Nixon and Reagan attempted to handicap Rockefeller in the worst-case scenario of him actually winning. Historians are largely divided on what happened behind-the-scenes, and primary sources from the time are unusually tight-lipped. What is certain is this: after Nixon failed to win the nomination on the First Ballot, Reagan and Rockefeller began scraping off delegates after each successive ballot, with the South and West backing Reagan and the Northeast and Midwest forming Rockefeller’s base of support. Despite a shot of adrenaline provided by Governor Jim Rhode’s release of his Ohio delegation, Nixon’s found his voice growing smaller and smaller as the Convention became increasingly polarized. Despite some last-ditch wheeling and dealing, meeting with Governor Romney to try and drag out an endorsement, Nixon faltered after Reagan pulled ahead in the delegate count on the fourth ballot. While we do know that negotiations between Nixon and the other two camps continued up until the end of the Convention, he did not endorse any other candidate.

While Reagan adhered tightly to the so-called Eleventh Commandment (“thou shalt not speak ill of any other Republican” – which ironically had been coined by Parkinson), surrogates such as Governor Claude Kirk, Jr. of Florida alleged that Rockefeller would raise taxes on middle-class Americans and expand Great Society programs like he did in New York. Rockefeller virulently denied these allegations and talked up his record on fighting crime while as Governor, but the damage was done – Reagan saw an immediate jump from roughly 500 to 600 delegates. Reagan, while encouraged by the results, believed that he would lose handily in the General Election if he appeared to be just another Goldwater. He had to make himself acceptable, palatable, moderate, and he had to do it now.

Before the beginning of the Seventh Ballot, RNC Chairman Ray Bliss announced over the P.A. that Governor Reagan would be taking the stage for a short announcement. The Convention Hall buzzed in anticipation – what will he say? Has he made a deal with Rockefeller? Is he bowing out? Once Reagan took the mic, the crowd fell silent, all eyes watching the actor in the pinstriped suit. The announcement went on for a minute or two, but it could be boiled down into a single sentence; if nominated, Reagan would pick the distinguished and honorable Senator from Illinois, Chuck Percy, as his running-mate.

While the deal had been orchestrated by William Rusher, publisher of the National Review, conservatives were fuming. Percy’s attention-grabbing work in encouraging development and his endorsement of Goldwater in 1964 were cited as the reasons he was chosen, but his vocal support for Rockefeller and his perceived centrism infuriated Reagan’s delegates, who had chosen to back him over Nixon because of his firm commitment to right-wing policies – Percy just diluted that. Immediately, Reagan’s camp began to splinter, with right-wing delegates begin to start draft campaigns for Claude Kirk and Norris Cotton (some going even as far as to bring up Strom Thurmond himself), alienating Southern moderates who had been following the orders of their delegation leaders up to this point. As few delegates defected to Reagan on the Seventh Ballot, those moderates began giving Rockefeller a second look, while conservatives screamed to high heaven about Reagan “betraying the movement,” and Rockefeller’s 1964 divorce returned to the conversation as opponents tried to desperately to derail his campaign. He wisely kept his mouth shut, content to let the Goldwaterites dig their own grave. As soon as the writing on the wall became obvious, some began talking up another Nixon comeback, but his career was dead for good. Two more ballots took place, with Rockefeller getting closer and closer to winning the nomination outright as the opposition weakened under the pressure. Finally, on the Tenth Ballot, Rockefeller crossed the final threshold of 686 delegates, and became the official nominee of the Republican Party.

While Reagan’s tepid endorsement meant something, the large walk-outs were immensely demoralizing. The nomination of Howard Baker was inoffensive and welcomed by the delegates remaining, but the mood was grim. How could Rockefeller win against Humphrey and Wallace if his own party couldn’t stand behind him?

He would prove the naysayers wrong one more time – Nelson Rockefeller would be inaugurated as the 37th President of the United States next January after winning in one of the tightest elections in American history. But his Presidency would be defined by the opposition against him, from both outside his party and from within.
 
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a non-canon addition to a collaborative list mumby has on the other place

1913 - 1917: Theodore Roosevelt / Albert J. Beveridge (Republican)
defeated, 1912: Woodrow Wilson / Thomas R. Marshall (Democratic)
1917 - 1921: Claude Swanson / Russell Benjamin Harrison (National Union)
defeated, 1916: Eugene Debs/Upton Sinclair (Socialist), Emmet O'Neal/Thomas W. Hardwick (Southern Democratic)
1921 - 1929: Henry Stimson / Edwin P. Morrow (Republican)
defeated, 1920: Eugene Debs / Dan Hoan (Socialist), Claude Swanson / Edward M. House (Democratic)
defeated, 1924: William Gibbs McAdoo / Lawrence Tyson (Democratic), Dan Hoan / Chandler Owen (Socialist)
1929 - 1937: Hugh S. Johnson / Charles W. Bryan (Democratic)
defeated, 1928: Winston Churchill / David A. Reed (Republican)
defeated, 1932: Charles Francis Adams III / Irvine Lenroot (Republican)
1937-1941: Theodore Roosevelt Jr. / Earl Warren (Republican)
defeated, 1936: Charles W. Bryan / Wendell Wilkie (Democrat)
1941 - 1941: vacant / Earl Warren (Republican)
1940: Cordell Hull / Sherman Minton (Democratic), Theodore Roosevelt / Earl Warren (Republican), Huey Long / Gerald Nye (New Republic)

1910 - 1914: Arthur Balfour (Conservative & Unionist)
1910 (January): H.H. Asquith (Liberal), Arthur Balfour (Conservative & Unionist), John Redmond (Irish Parliamentary), Arthur Henderson (Labour)
defeated, 1910 (December): H.H. Asquith (Liberal), John Redmond (Irish Parliamentary), Arthur Henderson (Labour)
1914 - 1916: Winston Churchill (Conservative & Unionist)
defeated, 1915: Edwin Montagu (Liberal), Joseph Devlin (Irish Parliamentary), J.R. Clynes (Labour)
1916 - 1919: Edwin Montagu (Liberal)
defeated, 1916: Winston Churchill (Conservative & Unionist), John Simon ('Independent' Liberal), Joseph Devlin (Irish Parliamentary), J.R. Clynes (Labour) Henry Page Croft (National)
defeated, 1917 (Confidence and Supply): Winston Churchill (Conservative & Unionist), Denis McCullough (Sinn Fein), J.R. Clynes (Labour), John Simon ('Independent' Liberal), Joseph Devlin (Irish Parliamentary), Henry Page Croft (National), Christabel Pankhurst (Womens')
1919 - 1928: William Joynson-Hicks (Conservative & Unionist)
defeated 1919: Edwin Montagu (Liberal-Labour Pact), Denis McCullough (Sinn Féin), John Simon (‘Independent’ Liberal)
defeated 1924: James Hogge (Liberal), Robert Smillie (Labour)
1928 - 1932: David Lloyd George (Liberal)
defeated, 1928: William Joynson-Hicks (Conservative & Unionist), Robert Smillie (Labour)
1932 - 1935: Phillip Snowden (Labour)
defeated, 1932: William Joynson-Hicks (Conservative & Unionist), David Lloyd George (Liberal), Noel Pemberton Billing (National), R.B.D. Blakeney (Imperial League), Albert Inkpin (Communist)
defeated, 1934 (Liberal-Labour Pact): William Joynson-Hicks (Conservative & Unionist), David Lloyd George (Liberal), Noel Pemberton Billing (Imperial League)
 
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