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Lists of Heads of Government and Heads of State

"And the good Queen Nixon stole their wallets..."

1953-1956:Dwight D. Eisenhower/Richard Nixon(Republican)
1952:Adlai Stevenson/John Sparkman(Democratic)
1956-1961:Richard Nixon/Robert A. Taft(Republican)
1956:Estes Kefauver/W. Averell Harriman(Democratic)
1961-1963:John F. Kennedy/Billy Graham(Democratic)

1960: Richard Nixon/Robert A.Taft(Republican)
1963-1969:Billy Graham/Eugene McCarthy(Democratic)
1964:Nelson Rockefeller/Archie Gubbrud(Republican)

1969-1977:Ronald Reagan/Raymond P. Shafer(Republican)
1968:Robert Kennedy/George McGovern(Democratic)

1972:Henry M. Jackson/James Carter(Democratic)
1977-1981:George Wallace/Lloyd Bentsen(Democratic)

1976:Ben Fernandez/Bob Dole(Republican)
1981-1989:Jeane Kirkpatrick/George H. W. Bush(Republican)
1980:George Wallace/Lloyd Bentsen(Democratic)

1984:John Glenn/Joe Biden(Democratic)
1989-1997:Lee Iacocca/Bruce Babbitt(Democratic)
1988:George H.W. Bush/Bob Dole(Republican)

1992:Alan Keyes/Jzck Kemp(Republican)
1997-1998:Ted Bundy/Roy Innis(Republican)
1996:Al Gore/Bob Kerrey(Democratic)

1998-2009:Roy Innis/John McCain(Republican)

2000:Bill Bradley/Al Sharpton(Democratic)
2004:John Edwards/Rod Blagojevich(Democratic)

2009-201?:Mariska Hargitay/Bernie Sanders(Democratic)
2008:John McCain/Sarah Palin(Republican)

I just made NCDR fanfiction.
What I'm doing with my life
?
 
Yellow and Blue and White and Red

Presidents of Ukraine

Leonid Kravchuk, Indepdent, 1991-1999

Viacheslav Chornovil, Peoples Movement of Ukraine, 1999-2003

Oleksandr Moroz, Socialist Party of Ukraine, 2003-


Presidents of Belarus

Stanislav Shushkevich, Independent, 1991-1995

Vyacheslav Kebich, Independent, 1995-2003


Mikola Statkevich, Belarusian Social Democratic Party, 2003-
 
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Graham's Anti-Catholicism being rewarded would be a short term disaster but possibly fascinating in it's repercussions. Excited to see where you go with it. Might do my own though.
It leading to a party for Christian Democracy would be interesting. Not sure who would be the candidates in the '70s and '80s would be or what it'd be called but, hey, it's an idea
 
American sectarianism persisting to this day always intrigued me as an idea, though even if Graham was personally anti-Catholic I doubt he'd focus on it too much as President. He doesn't really seem to be the type of person to act like that.
 
American sectarianism persisting to this day always intrigued me as an idea, though even if Graham was personally anti-Catholic I doubt he'd focus on it too much as President. He doesn't really seem to be the type of person to act like that.
Yes he was exactly that kind of person.

His entire political involvement in 1960 was to stop the papist. He was also Anti-Semitic and a horrific racist. And never gave up his homophobia. He just had better PR then his peers. He would absolutely push it and the rest of his horrible views.
 
List of Prime Ministers of Scotland
2016: Alex Salmond (Scottish National Party)
2014 Referendum: 52% Yes, 48% No
2016-2018: Alex Salmond (Scottish National Party-Liberal coalition)
2016 def: Ruth Davidson (Conservative and Scottish), Kezia Dugdale (Labour), Aamer Anwar (Radical Alliance), Willie Rennie (Liberal), George Galloway (Workers' Party for Social Justice)
2018-2019: Alex Salmond (Scottish National Party minority)
2019-2020: Nicola Sturgeon (New Democratic-Radical-Liberal-Green minority coalition)
2020-2021: Ruth Davidson (Moderate-Labour-Liberal minority coalition)
2021-0000: Alex Salmond (Agrarian League-New Democratic-Green coalition)

2021 def: Nicola Sturgeon (New Democratic), Ruth Davidson (Moderate), Patrick Harvie and Lorna Slater (Green), Jo Rowling (Electoral Action of Unionists in Scotland), Anas Sarwar (Labour), George Galloway (Workers' Party for Social Justice), Cat Boyd (Radical), Willie Rennie (Liberal)

The Scottish Independence referendum sent shockwaves through the British Isles, although this was subsequently muffled by two years of dreary back-and-forth in London and Brussels (as the Catalan crisis abated, the EU came round to the idea of automatic entry for the Kingdom of Scotland), and it was almost an anti-climax when Alex Salmond transformed from First Minister to Prime Minister in March 2016 like the world's least whelming butterfly.

At the start of May, the first general election of the new state was held, to much fanfare, and to the surprise of some, the SNP lost ground to the Conservatives (who presented a cuddly image and dropped overt Unionism) and the Radical Alliance, an outgrowth of the Radical Independence Campaign. The main stories of the election were piss-fights within the Radical tent between the Greens and the RIC people who seemed to take all the top slots in the regional lists, and of course the precipitous decline of the Labour Party. A brief, and seemingly ironic, meme wave brought Rennie's Liberals over the line and into the balance of power, and the unavoidable George Galloway won a single seat in Glasgow with a new party bent on trolling everyone else in Scotland's body politic.

As before, the SNP government accomplished very little except for the dissemination of nationalist rhetoric through its co-opted cultural elite and the provision of a slightly more generous state apparatus than that which held sway in Cameron's Britain. No excitement was had (except, of course, for the Tories changing their slightly unwieldy name and Kezia Dugdale being succeeded as Labour Leader by a man who immediately became subject to a criminal investigation and resigned in ignominy) until the Prime Minister's own annus horribilis, when a number of women came forward with sexual harrassment allegations against the symbol of the nation's independence. Salmond attracted much vitriol for persisting in office, not only after the allegations but also after the Liberals crossed the floor in disgust. No vote of confidence was ever held as Parliament had been prorogued, but Salmond had certainly lost the support of the majority of legislators - this was the first challenge for Governor-General Connery, and he manifestly failed to meet it.

Over Christmas, criminal charges were laid, and the disaffected wing of the SNP split off as the NDP - importantly, under a leader notable as being a woman as well as a first-rank politician. The NDP gathered the support of the friendly minor parties and the acquiescence of the opposition parties, and won a confidence vote when Parliament regathered. Thereafter, governance was much the same as before, although enlivened by bickering between the Greens and the Radical Party that was rendered much more spicy now that both had to sit around the Cabinet table. Davidson swept this awkward alliance out of office in another parliamentary coup by allying with the old enemy in Labour - which was haemorrhaging members to the Radicals, to the new unionist party, and even to Galloway's pestilential organisation. Of course, Davidson immediately had to contend with the coronavirus pandemic, and headbangers in her own party prevented Scotland from escaping a very grim year.

Exhausted by change and by the experiences of 2020, the people of Scotland returned to the last strong leader they had known - Alex Salmond, now exonerated in questionable circumstances. Even so, he could only govern with the support of Sturgeon's splitters and the Greens, who came off decidedly better than the Radicals - although every party could congratulate themselves for beating the Liberals, dubbed 'Renniecocks' for their eagerness to participate in any government which would have them.

Unionist and crypto-unionist parties won almost half of the votes in this latest election, and it remains to be seen whether a new referendum will be held in the event of a parliamentary majority for a Reunited Kingdom. As it is, though, Jo Rowling seems to be happy to co-operate with the nationalist government now that she's won a phalanx of seats for herself and her goons - especially on what might euphemistically be called social issues.
Big fan of this, and surprised it hasn't got more commentary. Is the Rowling party's name meant to mean something as an acronym? If not its a delightful clunky single-issue party name.
 
War of the British Succession

1760-1810: George III (Hanover)
1810-1813: George IV (Hanover)
1813: DISPUTED

1813-1815: Charlotte I (Hanover), Carlottan Claim

1813-1815: Frederick I (Hanover), Frederician Claim

1813-1814: James III (Hanover), Fitzherbertite Claim

1813-1813: Charles IV Emmanuel (Savoy), Jacobite Claim

1813-1815: King Ludd (The Peoples' Tribune), Luddite Claim

1815-0000: King Ludd (The Peoples' Tribune)
 
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Holiday in Cambodia:
1961-1965: Richard Nixon (Republican)
1960 (With Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.) def: John F. Kennedy (Democratic)
1965-1969: Hubert Humphrey (Democratic)
1965 (With George Smathers) def: Richard Nixon (Republican)
1969-1977: Robert McNamara (Republican)
1968 (Vacant) def: Hubert Humphrey (Democratic), George Wallace (American Independent), Fred Hampton (Rainbow Coalition)
1972 (With John Connolly) def: George McGovern (Democratic)

1977-1983: Tom McCall (Third Force)
1976 (With Bill Proxmire) def: John Connolly (Republican), George Wallace (Democratic), Fred Hampton (People's)
1980
(With Jerry Brown) def: Bob Dole (Republican), Ernest Hollings (Democratic), Tom Hayden (People's)
1982 Creation of Two Round Presidential Voting
1983-1989: Jerry Brown (Third Force)
1984 (Jerry Brown/William Scranton III, Reubin Askew/Walter Mondale) First Round Def; David McReynolds (People's), Jack Kemp (Republican)
1984 (Jerry Brown/William Scranton III) Second Round def: Reubin Askew/Walter Mondale

1989-1993: Dick Lamm (Democratic)
1989 (Dick Lamm/Sam Nunn, Bernie Sanders/Elizabeth Holtzmann) First Round def: Jerry Brown (Third Force), Pat Robertson (Republican)
1989 (Dick Lamm/Sam Nunn) Second Round def: Bernie Sanders (People's)

1993-1998: Lowell Weicker (Third Force)
1992 (Lowell Weicker/Pat Schroder, David Bonior/Lynn Woolsey) First Round def: Dick Lamm (Democratic), Ross Perot (Independent)
1992 (Lowell Weicker/Pat Schroder) Second Round def: David Bonior (People's)
1996
(Lowell Weicker/Colin Powell, Ron Dellums/Jim Hightower) First Round def: Dick Gepherdt (Democratic), David Duke (Populist)
1996 (Lowell Weicker/Colin Powell) Second Round def: Ron Dellums (People's)

1998-2001: Colin Powell (Third Force)
2001-: Jello Biafra (People's)
2000 (Mike Gavel/Jello Biafra,Pat Buchannan/Alan Keyes) First Round def: Colin Powell (Third Force), Donald Trump (Democratic), Jimmy McMillan (Independent)
2000 (Mike Gavel/Jello Biafra) Second Round def: Pat Buchannan (Populist)

—//—
“Huh, so Biafra’s President now?”
“Yes”
“How?”
“Mike Gavel got shot”
“So another President elect got killed?”
“Second after Romney”
“Oh yeah, the fella who we were meant to have instead Robert McNarama”
“Yeah”
“Well...at least it lead to twenty years of Third Force rule”
“Are you telling me that’s a good thing Steve?”
“Well it lead to California Über Alles becoming a Number 6 hit in 1980 so...”
“It also lead to the slow raise of American Fascism too and the slow destruction of the Americans Welfare state”
“Well that’s why I voted for Mike Gravel”
“And why I voted for Jimmy McMillan”
“Oh for fuck sake!”
“C’mon he’s better than Pat Buchanan”
“Well I hope you voted Gravel on the Second One”
“Well yes, but does it matter now?”
“True, hope you like Eco-Socialism...I guess?”
 
"The queen [Anne] shewed me a letter wrote in the king of France's own hand, upon the death of her sister; in which there was the highest character that ever was given to any princess of her age. Mr. Richard Hill came straight from the earl of Godolphin's... to me with the news, and said it was the worst that ever came to England. I asked him why he thought so. He said it had been happy if it had been her brother; for then the queen might have sent for her and married her to prince George, who could have no pretensions during her own life; which would have pleased every honest man in the kingdom, and made an end of all disputes for the future." - William Legge, 1st Earl of Dartmouth on Louisa Maria's death.

"If It Had Been Her Brother..."

Monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland (-1707)

Anne (Stuart) 1702-1707

Monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-)
Anne (Stuart) 1707-1714
George I and Mary III (Hanover and Stuart) 1714-1727
Mary III (Stuart) 1727-1741
William IV (Hanover-Stuart) 1741-1775
William V (Hanover-Stuart) 1775-1784
Edward VII (Hanover-Stuart) 1784-1829

Mary IV (Hanover-Stuart) 1829-

Hanoverian Claimants to the British Throne (1727-)
[Officially relinquished in 1832]
George II (Hanover) 1727-1760
George III (Hanover) 1760-1767
George IV (Hanover) 1767-1830
Henry IX (Hanover) 1830-1837

Charlotte (Hanover) 1837-

The Hanoverian Claim is now relinquished by that lineage, by the wise Henry in 1832 upon seeing the disaster that it brought the House of Hanover. Nevertheless, there are those unreconstructed Whig 'Commonwealthmen' who heavily disdain the 'crypto-Papist' Hanover-Stuarts that they would fuel the Hanoverian ambitions against the Parliamentary Settlement that declared that Mary's son with George I, the young Prince William, would be the heir.

The fact that William favoured the Tories, an abrupt shift from his father's pro-Whig favour which his mother dutifully continued in a lesser manner, fuelled those who believed the Hanover-Stuarts were just the ultimate success of the Old Pretender from beyond the grave, and the bitterness of Prince George, now King of Hanover, merely enabled those. The man never liked his father and his father him, hence why the elder George so easily accepted the Settlement declaring his children with Mary his English heirs, and it was why George rose his banners upon his step-mother's death.

Declaring William IV a 'false pretender' and accumulating those Whigs alienated by William's known Tory favour, he plunged England into the first of three Hanoverian Risings. Primarily based in the south of England, it would in many ways reflect the older Civil War loyalties, but this loyalty was weaker with Parliament fleeing north, declaring its ultimate loyalty with King William. George would be crowned in Westminster, but be forced to flee barely two years later as defeat upon defeat came after him, especially as the French made their move.

Mary was beloved in France, and George I was actually a cousin to the French Regent and actively worked with him to end the Spanish threat for good. With Spain defeated, Europe saw its jigsaw pieces shifting once again. The younger George garnered support with fellow German states and dug deep in the Hanoverian militia for the first rising, which made Louis XV calculate that if he backed the Hanover-Stuarts, Britain wouldn't work against France as much as otherwise. Legend has it that as the French approached London on William's invitation, George ordered the burning of the Palace of Westminster to 'reward Parliament like traitors are due'. Going up in ashes with it was the last bit of Whig support for the Hanoverians. Almost going up with it was a copy of the Magna Carta stored in a nearby building, but it was saved by French soldiers. That's how the popular myth tells it anyway.

After the defeat of the "Hanoverian Rising" and Hanover having the House of Hanover be replaced with a more... pliant head of state, the Tories entered a period of political ascendancy that lasted for decades. "George II" would wander around Europe, increasingly more interested in drink and mistresses than in a second try at his claim. Britain under the Tory Ascendancy in many ways reversed the Glorious Revolution, vesting more power into the monarch and away from the Parliament, which was now supposedly "non-partisan" with the old labels ostensibly gone. Nobody believed that.

With William IV settling in his role, Louis XV would find to his displeasure but not to his surprise that the traditional rivalries reignited, even if Britain were not eager to work with Germans those days. Indeed, the Tories and King William IV preferred to keep Britain aloof from the continent, preferring to focus on their imperial and trade policies rather than anything to do with the continent. This led to more of a focus on colonial expansion, and it led to a spark that led to a confrontation between Britain and France in the Ohio Valley due to colonial speculation.

With the Tories deploring the idea of raising an expensive army [which would need taxes] for some distant colonial output, it declined to send an army, rather preferring to send negotiators to the French which concluded with what the British Government deemed an amenable settlement that permitted mutual profit. This was considered a betrayal of the colonies and cultivate a belief that the Hanover-Stuarts were "in the pocket of the French". Such a small confrontation was widely published by outraged American press. The French being seen as having "won", led to a growth of resentment, as well as the escalation of normal anti-Catholicism to fervent levels in the Thirteen Colonies.

And in 1762, with the death of the first of the Hanoverian Pretenders, his grandson arrived in the Colonies in disguise. To the Americans, he was noted to be an intelligent and charismatic man who managed to quickly dominate the Congress and they quickly acclaimed him as the "true" King, crowning him George III, King of Great Britain, of Ireland and of America. That last bit was important, although historians doubt he would have genuinely followed up on this once he seized full power in Britain. The Continental Congress under President George Washington rose militia and declared an "uprising for the true liberty and security of the American People and the restoration of the true King of England".

The fact the Tories had to commit a volte-face and bring back a powerful army fractured them. The "Court Tories" that stayed in power were arguably just absolutist Whigs in how they accepted the Whig idea of a centralised state. The so-called "Non-Partisan Era" died quickly, and many ex-Whigs arrived into power. The Cabinet would achieve its modern prominence as it took on more and more duties in the war. The Second Hanoverian Rising was expensive to put down, and more or less broke the possibility of permanent British colonies in America.

After the war finished, William IV was noted to look much tired and having age catch up with him. An increased disinterest in further ruling started the modern age of "cabinet rule" and the rise of the cabinet as the true ruling force of Britain. At the head was his son Prince William, who ended up being crowned William V. However, he proved a sickly monarch, although one who desired to command his cabinet. After nine years, his Lord-President found him collapsed over his writing desk. This led to a rushed coronation for his son Edward as Edward VII.

The Edwardian Era is widely considered one of Britain's golden ages. A young uncertain man crowned in his twenties became the white-haired "Grandfather of the Empire", it is an era commonly recalled in many period dramas as one of turbulent romanticism. Helping the calm start to this era was the fact that the Hanoverian pretender after the execution of "George III" was his infant son. Commonly styled by the lingering Hanoverians as George IV, this boy was commonly brought up to believe that his destiny was to restore his throne. His brother William Henry noted that "George is surrounded by sycophants every minute of every day, bitter that our father was killed by the Stuarts. I worry for him, when his company is that deluded."

Under Edward VII, Britain became industrious, prosperous and yet greatly alone. The French Revolution in 1799 upset many and forced Britain, after so long, to be dragged back to continental matters. Forging ad hoc pacts with Austria, Russia and Prussia to put down the radicals, it forced the rise of a clear leader figure in the cabinet, which ended up the Lord-President of the Council in a natural elaboration of their role as presiding over the privy council. It is in this uncertain time of external war and internal peace that many a modern period drama prospers.

The third and last of the Hanoverian Risings was during this time. And it was the most pathetic excuse of a rising ever. The pretender, holed up in Sweden, purchased the use of a considerable company of mercenaries to take over London and declare it restored for the true King. There were one or two MPs and Lords sympathetic to the Hanoverians still, but the plot was caught out and the mercenaries utterly failed, and only in the end killed one man in their final battle. Unfortunately for all, that man was Crown Prince William. He died leaving behind a sole daughter, who immediately became heir. The final pretender to hold the claim would die of a heart attack while in a drunken fight in 1830.

As many coalitions were formed to defeat the French, Edward VII grew to dislike what he labelled as the "monkey parliament" and ceded all governmental duties he had to the Lord President, who was described by Edward, first factitiously then genuinely, as the "viceroy regnant", which would end up the official title of the head of government way later on as Tory concepts of a more powerful monarch grew to shift to a more powerful lord-president serving as viceroy. The first "viceroy regnant" would be that member of a long and loyal Tory dynasty, William Pitt the Younger, who would serve all the way to the fifth year of Edward's successor. When the French were finally defeated, Edward made clear he wanted Pitt to stay.

The ageing king, now in his sixties, grew more irritable and isolated with time, before succumbing to a quick illness and closing his eyes in 1829. He would not live long enough to see the final end to the Hanoverian dispute, to the famous "Audience of the Bloodlines" where William Henry, supposed claimant to the throne via the Hanoverian line as "Henry IX", swore fealty to Mary IV as the true monarch of Britain and abandoned all his claims ending the century-long divide between the eldest and youngest sons of George of Hanover.

William Henry would die in 1837, seeing the two lines reconciled at long last, and according to modern Hanoverians, which yes they still exist and are as tiresome as you believe they are, the claim went to his daughter who they deemed to be Queen Charlotte the First. Charlotte never expressed any interest in the throne, preferring to emphasise that her father renounced their claim and she plans to keep it that way. Meanwhile, her cousin Alexandria, marriage prospects now much bolstered by William Henry's reconciliation, would marry a German nobleman from present-day Thuringia in 1840.
 
Parliamentary America

1969 - 1973: Richard Nixon / Spiro Agnew (Republican Party)

1968 def: Hubert Humphrey / Edmund Muskie (Democratic Party); George C. Wallace / Curtis LeMay (American Independent Party)
1972 def: George McGovern / Sargent Shriver
(Replacing Thomas Eagleton) (Democratic Party)
1973 - 1975: Richard Nixon / Ronald Reagan (Republican Party)
1975 - 1978: Ronald Reagan / William Ruckelshaus (Republican Party)

1976 def: Jerry Brown / Henry Jackson (Democratic Party)
1978 - 1980: Tip O' Neill / Peter Rodino (Democratic Party)
1980 - 1981: Gerald Ford / John Connally (Republican Party)
1981 - 1986: John Connally / Al Quie (Republican Party)

1980 def; Tip O' Neill / Peter Rodino (Democratic Party)
1984 def: Gary Hart / George Ariyoshi (Democratic Party)

1986 - 1991: Mary Rose Oakar / Adlai Stevenson III (Democratic Party)
1988 def: Lee Iacocca / Frank Fasi (Independent); Donald Rumsfeld / Carroll Campbell (Republican Party)
1991 - 1999: Guy Vander Jagt / Paul Coverdell (Republican Party)
1992 def: Larry Agran / Butler Derrick (Democratic Party)
1996 def: Adlai Stevenson III / Evan Bayh (Democratic Party)

1999 - 2003: Mickey Leland / John Breaux (Democratic Party)
2000 def: Dan Lungren / J. C. Watts (Republican Party)
2003 - 2007: David Dreier / Christopher Cox (Republican Party)
2004 def: Bill Bradley / Dianne Feinstein (Democratic Party)
2007 - 2011: Baron Hill / Jon Corzine (Democratic Party)
2008 def: Trent Lott / John Doolittle (Republican Party)
2011 - 2019: Pete Sessions / Bob Bennett (Republican Party)
2012 def: Jan Schakowsky / Maxine Waters (Democratic Party)
2016 def: Ron Kind / Jon Tanner (Democratic Party)

2019 - 0000: Chris Van Hollen / Rosa deLauro (Democratic Party)
2020 def: Lamar Alexander / Richard Burr (Republican Party); Steve King / Jeff Sessions (America First)

Nixon holds firm throughout Watergate, willing to go through the impeachment process. The Democratic majority House does end up voting to impeach, but things get a bit trickier in the Senate where a 2/3rds vote, not a simple majority, is needed. Nixon survives the Senate impeachment with just one vote, much like Andrew Johnson before him. Yet Nixon's problems do not end there, as Democrats end up sweeping the 1974 midterms and more and more about Nixon's corruption ends up coming out, such as that he bungled the Vietnam talks in 1968 and how he plotted to assassinate Jack Anderson, who had published various exposes against the Nixon administration. Nixon would end up resigning in 1975, and would hand the reins of power to Ronald Reagan, who he had selected to be his Vice President following Agnew's resignation. Reagan is a polarizing figure with a middling approval rating, which collapses after he pardons Nixon. Many fear that Reagan will end up doing away with the New Deal and/or get America embroiled in a nuclear war. Amidst all this, the Democrats with their strong majorities in the House and Senate would amend the Constitution, changing the minimum number of Senate seats needed to remove a President through impeachment to just being 1/2 of the Senate, rather than 2/3rds. Further, the grounds for impeachment are broadened into a vague statement saying that a President may be impeached if he were to "cause harm to America's citizenry, both here and abroad".

The luck of the Democrats end here. A crowded Democratic Primary field leads to a contested convention come the summer, which after numerous ballots selects the schizophrenic ticket of Jerry Brown and Henry Jackson. The two do not particularly get along, and further, Reagan ends up mounting a much better campaign than expected. By November, the two are neck and neck, and eventually the election ends up hinging on the state of North Carolina. After a few weeks of uncertainty, the state goes to Reagan by a hair, granting him a second term. However, a year into Reagan's term, and it was revealed that Reagan did not win North Carolina fairly, but rather had won the state with the help of Jesse Helms and the North Carolina Republican Party, all of which had conspired to fabricate ballots which ostensibly came from the more rural, conservative areas of North Carolina. The outrage over this leads to the impeachment of both Reagan and Ruckelshaus, and the ascension of Speaker Tip O'Neill to the office of the Presidency.

But O'Neill isn't as lucky, either. After going through two major scandals, O'Neill wishes to calm the American people down and reconcile the country. But after an Iranian student group storms and eventually begins massacring numerous Americans in America's embassy in Tehran, it is clear that O'Neill's presidency won't be as smooth as he had hoped it would be. While a war could unite the populace, memories of Vietnam are still fresh in the America psyche, and furthermore as Iran collapses into a Civil War most Democrats begin to believe that it may be best if America stays out of that quagmire. But the Democratic electorate is not the American electorate, and so, the 1978 Midterms become the first time the GOP has captured both Houses of Congress since the late 1940s. They use the "cause harm to America's citizenry" clause to investigate and eventually impeach both O'Neill and Rodino, bringing Republican Gerald Ford into office, who then makes the Republican nominee John Connally as his Vice President.

Connally would win 1980 easily, ditto for 1984 as the scandal-ridden Gary Hart is made the Democratic nominee. But Connally wouldn't finish out his second term, after a scandal emerged when Seymour Hersh, a noted investigative journalist, was killed in a car bomb on January 23rd, 1985. Later evidence would emerge that Hersh was planning on revealing that John Connally, as a favor to his friend, Oscar Wyatt, head of the Coastal Oil Corporation, had been engaging in secret hostage dealings with Iraq, which had been under US sanctions since its unilateral annexation of Ahwaz in 1982. Iraq would take hostages, and in exchange would be granted a favorable deal by Coastal Oil in order for them to be released. That would've been bad enough, had it not been for the Connally Administration's subsequent attempts at covering up any Iraqi involvement in Hersh's killing. When that came out, the scandal was enough for both Democrats, along with a few Republicans, to remove Connally and Quie from power (Quie was removed for being "complicit", even though he insisted he had no knowledge of it, nevertheless the Democrats would set a precedent that complicity in a high crime is pretty much a high crime itself).

Mary Oakar would be the first Arab-American, and Woman, President of the United States. She would win in a three way race in 1988, but she would be impeached by the Republican-controlled Congress after she was caught up in a banking scandal during her time in the House. Stevenson would also be impeached using the Quie precedent. Speaker of the House Guy Vander Jagt would become the 43rd President. His second term would be marked with an economic downturn which would become a recession, but Jagt would remain firm to his fiscal conservative beliefs and veto a relief bill proposed by the Democratic controlled Congress. Speaker Leland declared that by vetoing the bill that Jagt was "causing harm to America's citizenry" and would lead the way in impeaching him.

Jagt's impeachment made it clear that impeachment would just be a political tool used by whatever party was in control of both Houses of Congress. Leland, too, would be impeached after not going with an Israeli operation to destroy Libya's nuclear reactors, which the Republican-controlled House said that, by allowing Libya to develop nukes that he was also "causing harm to American's citizenry". The real elections happen every two years instead of four, and America is described by most political observers as a "semi-parliamentary" system. Sleep well, Woodrow Wilson, you may have failed with the League of Nations and Versailles, but at least America now has a parliamentary style of government.
 
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